Gondola: Ukucaciswa. gondola jikelele

Ukwakhiwa yizimpahla izinqola senziwe ngendlela yokuthi kamuva zithutha izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemikhiqizo bunjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlangana efanayo imishini ujantshi kufanele kube ngendlela ezifana ukuthobela zokuthutha kungaba njengoba fast ngangokunokwenzeka. Lesitshalo Kukhona izimoto eziningana yezimpahla. Ezokuthutha esiyolandelwa, isibonelo, hoppers noma ezisekelweni. Konke lokhu onobuhle babe Ukucaciswa ezahlukene. Nokho, Gondola jikelele, njengamanje kwezinhlobo obanzi kunayo wojantshi wasebenzisa yonke indawo.

umklamo Izici

Kuyizimpawu eyinhloko namakalishi yalolu hlobo kukhona ukungabi khona ophahleni futhi ohlangothini okusezingeni eliphezulu. imithwalo transportable kulokhu athululwa noma embondelene emzimbeni kwaphezulu - ne nemishini ekhethekile. Namuhla ku nojantshi Russian ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa okwakuvela ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwenkanyezi gondola izinqola ifakwe ophahleni esikhiphekayo. Inzuzo yale onobuhle iyona kalula ukulayisha kuhlangene ikhono ukuthutha, kuhlanganise nokuzwelana enqabayo sezulu izimo imikhiqizo noma izinto zokusetshenziswa.

Yini ingasetshenziswa

Gondola eyenzelwe zokuthutha wezimpahla ngokuyinhloko ngobuningi kanye nalolo olwejwayelekile. Uyiswe kuzo futhi melkokuskovannye emabhodleleni. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, bavame uthuthwa izinqola lukanye impahla emikhunjini emikhulu, njengamalahle:

• nsimbi;
• ochotshoziwe itshe futhi amatshe;
• gangue (ku zokulahla);
• amalahle;
• izingodo kanye amapulangwe;
• okusanhlamvu rye, ukolweni, njll

Kungenxa ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla nokuba imodeli ngaphandle ophahleni Ukucaciswa efanelekayo. Gondola ibalwa ngokuvamile track e 1520, niyabo, futhi ngakho-ke kungenziwa eziqhutshwa kuphela eRussia kanye wangaphambili amazwe CIS.

onobuhle ezivamile

Kuze kube yimanje, ojantshi Russian wasebenzisa izinhlobo eziningana izinqola evulekile jikelele. Ukumakwa ngamunye sibalo ngokuvamile samanje 12. Ubonisa walaliswa gon. Amamodeli buyehluka kuye criteria ehlukahlukene: esiphezulu umthamo, ivolumu, ubude, speed design, ukuphila konke.

izici lobuchwepheshe

On lokho Amapharamitha uhluka gon kuncike, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukusebenza. Ethebuleni ngezansi ungabona lapho locingo has Ukucaciswa. Gondola, ecabange ngakho, ukusetshenziswa ku nojantshi Russian kaningi.

Ubukhulu we-gondola, njengoba ubona, ungakwazi nemikhuba yazo ihluke kakhulu. Kuye nalolu hlobo locingo ingasetshenziswa zokuthutha ezahlukene cargo amavolumu. Ukusebenza gondola lokhu inkomba Nokho, cishe ezizimele. Ithonya eliyinhloko ku nenzuzo yezomnotho ukusetshenziswa lolutsite has a isici ezahlukene kakhulu. imoto ukusebenza ngokuyinhloko kunqunywa isekelwe esithwele umthamo wayo.

Amabhuleki wonke amamodeli enjalo ifakwe hhayi kuphela womoya othomathikhi, kodwa futhi yokupaka mathupha. Futhi, ezimweni eziningi, gondola babe coupler othomathikhi eyenzelwe ukusondelana yokwakheka amayunithi ngaphandle kokuqondiswa umuntu.

bodywork

I izici lobuchwepheshe ingxenye eyinhloko gondola inezidingo ezithile. Uzimele emizimbeni ezihlukahlukene ezifana onobuhle umgogodla waqinisa (egijima kanye eksisi central) ugongolo, ehlanganisa amaphrofayli ezimbili ashiselwe ndawonye Z emise. Freight enqoleni ngokuvamile ekhiqizwa kusuka metal. Ngesikhathi esifanayo it has a wokuxovela emise bezinhlamvu vyshtampovki. Harden umzimba side gondola Uhlaka ekhethekile ehlanganisa izikopelo engenhla nengezansi, ekhoneni, zungeza Lesisemkhatsini Racks.

Uhlaka Isekelwe yomzimba imoto ibhanoyi. On ke, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ibekwe izakhi imishini unyathela amabhuleki, namadivayisi ukushaqeka-traction. Ngo ngemuva emotweni ngokuvamile has iminyango emibili sekupheleni. zidingeka, ikakhulukazi ukuze lula umsebenzi Loaders. I wokugcina khona Izithako enjalo unekhono ukubiza ngqo i-gondola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugudla ngomnyango ngokuvamile ukulayishwa imishini self ezinezinjini.

Phansi izimoto gondola kuvame anemisila kokuhlanganisayo, kubakaki nameva yakhelwe ukuze uvikele wezimpahla. Lezi zici enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ukuletha izimpahla lapho uya khona besaphila.

Iyalayisha futhi athula ka-gondola izimoto kubhaklazeka

Lumpy impahla eluhlaza is batheleka amaloli, njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla. Kudilizwa efanayo kulesi simo kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili. Ngezinye izikhathi wenziwa phezu tilter ekhethekile ngekhamera eyamukelayo. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke impahla emikhunjini ngobuningi athululwa wonke phansi, okuyinto lingaphandle manholes eziningana. Kulokhu, pre-ukuthutha olusunduzelwe endleleni okubalekile abamukelayo nhlangothi zombili. Okulandelayo akhishwe abanikazi imoto ofeleba ssypaniya. Kaningi kuna nane gondola ifakwe kubhaklazeka phansi. Ngezinye izikhathi isibalo sabo sincane 16. onobuhle ifakwe ikhava esikhiphekayo, kukhona lichanyuselwe phezulu. Zisetshenziswa ukulayisha kwenqwaba izinto noma imikhiqizo.

Gondola izimoto, injongo ekhethekile futhi hoppers

Kuyinto imodeli jikelele nge athula kubhaklazeka kukhona ukhululekile kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, ngoba babe kakhulu izici lobuchwepheshe. Gondola izimoto, injongo ekhethekile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ingasetshenziswa kwi nojantshi. kubhaklazeka Kudilizwa kulezi onobuhle bengekho kanye side yabo izindonga bayizimpumputhe. Ukuphela iminyango emizimbeni yabo azitholakali. Isetshenziswa gondola enjalo ngokuyinhloko ezokuthutha imizila okhethekile wezimpahla ivaliwe.

Isikhathi esining impela, futhi hoppers asetshenziselwa ukuthutha izinto zokusetshenziswa. Ngakho ngokuthi imodeli yefomu we hopper. Lemisebenti ingaphindze isibaluli omunye izinhlobonhlobo izimoto evulekile-top. Umzimba kulezi onobuhle iyona uphondo trapezoid nge kubhaklazeka elise ezansi. Izinzuzo lolu hlobo gondola izimoto, phakathi kwezinye izinto, faka kalula athula.

Tipper (dumpkary)

Isici esiyinhloko salezi onobuhle iyona ongaphakeme ohlangothini izindonga emzimbeni. Ubukhulu we-gondola yalolu hlobo akuyona likhulu kakhulu. Kodwa, uma kunesidingo, ohlangothini yokulahla izimoto kalula bahlale. Kulokhu, yesikhulumi imoto kwayona kungenziwa esitshekile eceleni. Ngenxa yalokho, umthwalo kuthululwe ngokuphelele ku owamukelayo. Emthambekeni umzimba izimoto yokulahla ngu amasilinda ekhethekile womoya noma wokubacindezela. gondola ezinjalo zisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi zamalahle nensimbi umkhakha. Esimweni sokuqala basuke zithutha overburden, okwesibili - edwaleni noma i-ore. Isisindo dumpkarov bengase bazikhandlele amathani 145 noma ngaphezulu.

Gondola jikelele: Ukusebenza

Namuhla, emigwaqweni eRussia kanye wangaphambili CIS amazwe aqhube ngokuyisisekelo ayisishiyagalombili-gondola imoto yohlobo amane kuphela futhi. Uhlobo lwesibili Yiqiniso, ikhiqize kakhudlwana. Isisindo izimoto chetyrehosnyh ingeqi 70-75 m. Umehluko kulesi simo kungaba plus / lokususa ithani elilodwa. Ezinye modeli, kungenzeka ayisishiyagalombili-oluvala amasondo ezinqoleni esetshenziswa ukuthutha 130 wamathani wezimpahla. Ngezinye izikhathi Railways kanye nezimboni isebenze futhi ezibiza kakhulu yesimanje gondola jikelele izimoto, eyenzelwe amathani angu-200.

Tara

Ngaphansi lo mqondo libhekisela isisindo gondola awunalutho. Lesi sibalo luncike inani eksisi imodeli kanye ivolumu somzimba wakhe. Ngokuvamile, ojantshi asetshenziswa gondola nesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani 21-22. Nokho, kukhona onobuhle libe nzima ngokwengeziwe, okuyinto linesisindo esingamathani angu-29-43.

Yini izitshalo bekwi yokukhiqiza

I-gondola yokuqala jikelele uvele Russia ngo-1861. Bakhandwa uthenge phesheya Grushevskii ujantshi kanye senzelwe ukuthuthwa kwamalahle. Ngemva kwalokho, onjiniyela izimboni Russian ikopishwe design yabo, futhi izimoto efanayo kwaqala ukukhiqizwa ngqo ezweni lethu. Namuhla, womshini izakhiwo ezinjalo ehilelekile izinkampani 11 ezinkulu etholakala ezifundeni ezahlukene Russia.

Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo:

1. Ural sesitimela Car Plant, wadala ku 30s kwekhulu elidlule, ngonyaka ukhiqiza angaba yizinkulungwane 17. Onobuhle okunjalo.
2. Imikhiqizo Tikhvin amabhizinisi lokhu entfweni yinye 12% wemakethe Russian.
3. Ukukhiqizwa umthamo zalesi sihlahla Tver yakhelwe ukukhiqiza izimoto 1000 ngamacebo ezahlukene ngonyaka. Le nkampani, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukhiqiza nezimoto ezithwala.
4. Kaliningrad senqola Works unikeza imikhiqizo yayo ukuze emakethe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-150. Okwamanje nguyena kuphela lobunjiniyela umphakeli enkulu kuya Russian emakethe dumpkarov.

Umphakeli eyinhloko izimoto evulekile-top emakethe Russian okwamanje iyona Ural Plant (DC). Ngaphezu onobuhle yasekhaya, Railways avame ukusetshenziswa futhi akhiwe e-Ukraine Krukovka ibhizinisi.

nezidingo GOST

Yiqiniso, e womshini gondola izimoto, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye amasu kumelwe bahlangabezane nezindinganiso ezithile. ngakho:

• womshini umthwalo esindayo izakhiwo lingasetshenziswa sodwa noma ephansi ingxubevange steel ukugqwala;
• gondola ukubopha uhlelo nsuku saziso ifakwe amabhlogo esiyinhlanganisela;
• lapho ukuhlangana izakhi ehlukile okumele asetshenziswe ezifanele ejwayelekile izindlela imibhalo Welding.

Ukuze imidwebo izimoto, ngokuvumelana neziqondiso kumele kusetshenziswe enikeziwe kuphela GOST upende. Mshini emzimbeni futhi uzimele kubalulekile ukusebenzisa kuphela ezindaweni enikeziwe imidwebo.

izindleko imishini

Ngokuthenga nge-gondola, inkampani ngokuvamile uyazinaka umthwalo umthamo wayo, lula ukusetshenziswa, ngonyaka ukwakhiwa kanye ukuphila service. Empeleni, kusukela lezi yizinkomba nezindleko incike imodeli ethize. amanani wholesale imishini jikelele baqale ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 650-700. ruble.

Isikhathi esining impela izinkampani musa ukuthola le nqola ujantshi kanye likhiphe. Izindleko ezinsizakalweni ezifana ngokuvamile ezingaba ngu-700 ruble ngosuku.

Izinketho

Kanye uqobo gondola izimoto ngumkhiqizi, ngokuvumelana neziqondiso, izakukhashelwa ukuba umthengi:

• Technical ifomu VU4 ishidi;
• imiyalelo yokusebenzisa;
• incazelo lobuchwepheshe imodeli.

Futhi, ngokuhambisana inkontileka ukuthengisela, uphelele gondola izimoto angaya imibhalo ukulungisa kanye izingxenye ezisele. imishini Ezokuthutha uthenge endaweni wokusebenza Kwenziwa njengoba wezimpahla ku-eksisi yabo.