Funicular - ulwandle imizwa. Kanjani funicular: idivayisi, ubude, ukuphakama. I funicular edume kakhulu Kiev, Vladivostok, ePrague futhi Barcelona

Izakhamuzi kwamanye amadolobha emhlabeni kungaba ozibongayo ukuthi babe in nasezweni lokuzalwa kwabo ezikhangayo ezifana funicular. Lena akuyona nje imoto. Kungaba ngokuqiniseka ukubizwa Luhambo lapho utilitarian ephakamisa umsebenzi is kuhlangene ukuzijabulisa.

Kanjani imoto ikhebula?

Uthishanhloko kudivayisi funicular libhekene igama layo (igama elithi "funiculitis" lihunyushwa ngokuthi intambo besisebenzisa futhi Italian). Siqukethe uhlelo traction kanye trailer, ngokuvamile ezihambayo kolunye uhlangothi. Leli cebo ikuvumela ukuba silinganisele umthwalo. ukwakhiwa Engineering sihlanganisa komzila, amagiya, actuators nokuhlale unyathela amabhuleki, irherho, kufaka oluphuthumayo ashukumisa ngokuzenzakalela uma amakhefu intambo noma ezinye izimo normal kuphakama. Design Funiculars kuhluka ngayinye emadolobheni zazakhiwe ngokuvumelana design lakhe izakhiwo eziyingqayizivele iziteshi, impahla kaloliwe design.

Savuka Odessa funicular

Ngokwesibonelo, e-Odessa, eduze ezitebhisini Giant (kamuva uqambe kabusha Potemkin), kusukela ngawo-1902 eziqhutshwa imoto ikhebula, owokuqala eMbusweni Russian. Ngo-60-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka endaweni yayo wamiswa i esizihambelayo, enjengamakhiwane ukusebenza esitimeleni. Komkhawulokudonsa liye landa, kodwa ukubukeka ezimbi kakhulu yesimanje kuhlangene ukubukeka zomlando zomuzi eningizimu. Ekugcineni, i-yesimanje "ezitebhisini ukuhamba," igugile, futhi manje endaweni efanayo waphinda wathola funicular. Lesi sakhiwo isebenzisa impumelelo okufanele phakathi izakhamuzi Odessa nezivakashi yedolobha, futhi inikeza umbono elimangalisayo semikhumbi futhi itheku, ngaphandle-ke kusiza indlela eya Primorsky Boulevard, ngemva ukugibela 192 izinyathelo abanye abantu, ikakhulukazi asebekhulile, kungcono eyisicefe.

Yomgwaqo e-San Francisco - isibonelo emotweni ikhebula e Vladivostok

Funicular Vladivostok uJesu wazalwa omunye izinyathelo ukuze aguqule lo edolobheni elihle ngasolwandle ku "yaseSoviet yokuthuthela San Francisco." Phakathi nokuhambela kwakhe e-United States, aphethwe ngo-1959, uNobhala Okokuqala lo CPSU N. S. Hruschev umxhwele uhlelo zokuthutha lwedolobha muzi wase-California, okuyinto ayinakuqhathaniswa emhlabeni. Njengoba Vladivostok, San Francisco isendaweni sezwe eziyinkimbinkimbi, nokwenza abezinyawo ukuhamba kuwo nzima, sinokuthile ukukhuphuka ke behla emithambekeni emaweni. ezokuthutha Ordinary ezisemadolobheni ezinye okhuphukela kungaba ezingaphezu kwamandla omuntu, bese kwenziwa isinqumo ezithakazelisayo. Zonke trams idolobha San Francisco ezihamba phezu komzila, phakathi okuyinto wabeka intambo. Ukuze umise imoto, umeluleki kufanele ukuvula ucingo uxhumano bese ucindezela wazihlephula, ukunyakaza iqala lapho isenzo reverse. Kunzima ngisho ukunquma ncamashi funicular noma tram, kodwa uhlelo usebenza emihle, kodwa njengoba isitokwe kweqa esetshenziswa ukubuyisela izimoto endala ngaphandle izinjini amazwe ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene, okwenza iyiphi kumnandi uhambo egcwele adventure ngokwemvelo.

Funicular - emehlweni "Vlad"

Kungenzeka ukuthi ethunywe ngo-1962 Vladivostok funicular nabaphansi ngobukhulu futhi ekhelini US, kodwa futhi okuhle kakhulu. Kuphela eliseMpumalanga Ekude, ke uxhuma ethekwini iGolden Horn nge Orlinaya mgwaqo V Sibirtseva. Ngokusho ke, uthanda ukuya abafundi School of Engineering, izivakashi ngokuqinisekile uvakashele kule ndawo edumile, futhi izakhamuzi zomuzi wakubo unqobe egqumeni emaweni, uma bengafuni ukuba ngiye esitezi, ngifike "analinye amawaka, isinyathelo esisodwa" (eqinisweni, abo 368, kodwa kungcono kakhulu). Lokunyuka ikhebula ekhulumela imoto yakhe kumuntu ukuphakama kwamamitha 70 ihlala imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu, futhi phakathi naleso sikhathi-ke kuyalinqoba ithrekhi 183 m. Ngakho, umthambeka isilinganiso mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 22 degrees, ukuthi okuningi.

Funicular ePrague - indlela abathandi

Ngokungafani yesimanje futhi ewusizo kakhulu ezakhamuzini Vladivostok funicular sesitimela eCzech dolobha ujantshi ku Petrin amagquma kuba ezikhangayo bezijabulisa kakhulu, futhi engu-zihlaba wakhe - waqala ukusebenza ngo-1891. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke wavulwa omunye funicular adumile e Prague Letna egqumeni. traffic umzila romantic and olunothile. On imitha-510 yayo ubude imoto Onqobayo emhubheni omncane ngaphansi odongeni inqaba ubudala, futhi ngesikhathi Terminus izivakashi, ngaphezu umbhoshongo sibhekile, balindele ebaziwe anikezelwe Wamanga. Kuyinto umhlangano endaweni oluthandayo abasha Praguers.

Barcelona Funiculars

"Tibidabo" - lo funicular endala Barcelona (futhi womathathu). Umzila umenza phezulu entabeni, ngemva kwalokho-ke ubizwa ngokuthi, enye esiteshini itholakala emgwaqeni uDkt Andreu. Tibidabo ivuliwe lesinye isitimela intambo - "Vayvidrera", okuyinto isuka Peude esiteshini, kodwa lincane kakhulu, ongama ngamashumi ayisihlanu kuphela abagibeli. Ukuphakamisa ukuphakama kokubili funicular cishe okufanayo, ezingaphezu kuka-160 metres, kodwa obuphelele ezahlukene (729 futhi 1152 amamitha ngokulandelana), okusho ukuthi ukunyakaza kwenzeka ngesikhathi steepness ezahlukene emthambekeni. Ngakho-ke, i-kahle "Tibidabo" kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungakanani ngeminyaka (yena wasizakala kusukela 1901), kuthatha abagibeli angamakhulu amane, umfowabo omncane Peude - izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili kancane.

Montuika funicular - kwezithuthi zomphakathi kanye nezindawo Ukugibela ngesikhathi esifanayo

funicular Okwesithathu - "Montuika" - kuyingxenye zikamasipala waleyo Barcelona ezokuthutha, kuba othomathikhi futhi fast. Inhloso yayo - ukuxhuma lendawo ikhebula imoto kusuka metro station "Parallel" esiteshini. Ingoma kahle kakhulu elise, imitha-758 yayo umzila siphela phakathi amahlozi abangalawuleki futhi kwenza abagibeli ukuba ukuphakama 76 metres. Kuyinto okufanele siyilingise Barcelona City Ukuphatha wokulwela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngephuzu elithakazelisayo alethwe yengcebo izimali ngangokunokwenzeka. Izivakashi ikhuthaza ingqalasizinda, ocebile izindawo zokudlela, amathilomu nezinye zemicimbi ukuzijabulisa adala zonke izimo ngoba ejabulela ukubukwa amahle kusuka ezintabeni Montuika. Yakhelwe imoto ikhebula Barcelona ngesikhathi owawuse khona ngo-1929, fair ezweni, kodwa isimo lobuchwepheshe ephelele wasivumela ukuba uzisebenzise njengezaba luhlobo-Olympic e kwamashumi ayisithupha-plus.

Kiev funicular - umbono kanye nokuqaliswa

Funicular ekhatsi Kiev - olunye lwezimpawu komuzi. Ayekutholile izinxushunxushu zomlando eziningi. Revolution, impi yamaqembu esizwe esisodwa, lwemibhalo Makhnovshchina, ukungenela Austrian republic Ukrainian, incithakalo, yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe futhi umbhangqwana "Maidan" - lena ingxenye yohlu izenzakalo, lapho sekudlule Kiev esihlalweni lift kuphela. Futhi waqala impilo yakhe ngo-1905, lapho ngemva kweminyaka emibili yokwakha, "kusho le nkampani Belgian" wathatha kube msebenzi. Ababhali yephrojekthi, onjiniyela Russian NI Baryshnikov noN K. Pyatnitsky, ubude nalehleliwe ingxenye yesine ka ikhilomitha, kodwa umnikazi wendlu ezansi komgwaqo wenqaba ukuthengisa impahla yakhe ukuze iziphathimandla zedolobha, futhi kwadingeka ukuba abukeze uhlelo, kunciphisa indlela eya amayadi angu amahlanu. Nokho, inkinga jikelele, okungukuthi ngempumuzo Kiev ukuphila, ophoqelelwe ukukhuphuka off umphetho kanye ezindleleni kanye izitebhisi angamakhulukhulu izinyathelo, ixazululiwe. Tram wayengeke aliyeke amagquma emaweni Kiev. Ngemva Odessa Kiev yaba umuzi wesibili eRussia, okuyinto uhlelo okufezwayo kuhlanganisiwe kuyinto simangalele electromechanical njengoba kuyanda St Michael (njengoba ekuqaleni ngokuthi emisha lobuchwepheshe).

Ukuzalwa kabusha Kiev funicular

Kiev funicular wasebenza ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni kuze 1928, lapho, phakathi ukunakekela kwakukhona ukuhluleka-trailer okuyinto, edonsa phansi komzila emaweni, wawahlula yesibili. Kulesi sigameko, ngenhlanhla, zazingekho abalimala kodwa isakhiwo kwakudinga ukulungiswa ezinkulu. Yomiselela kwavele elendlalekile, intambo-imigqa uhlelo unyathela amabhuleki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esiteshini engezansi wagcina wathutha, futhi umzila is enwetshiwe amamitha 38. A amandla iyunithi ehlanganisa izinjini ezimbili DC eSwitzerland (65 l. S. 1903 model ngonyaka), kanye intambo drive isondo lokugijimisa indiphi elenzelwe into esindayo wakhonza kuze kube unyaka ka-1984.

Ngo-1986, eyesithathu umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo ezinkulu yaqedwa, okuyinto emlandweni walo usebhekene Kiev funicular. Lesi sakhiwo manje ucosha imoto nge amakhulu abagibeli ukuba ukuphakama 75 metres ngesivinini 2 m / umzuzwana. Okuphawulekayo anda amandla umthamo, amandla efakwe 100 kW. Ubude ingqikithi ithrekhi safinyelela 222 m. Amakalishi suka njalo ngemva kwemizuzu engu eziyisikhombisa. Nsuku zonke, mayelana 15,000 abagibeli usebenzise leli fomu ekahle kakhulu yokuhambisa.

Sebenza yokuthuthukisa funicular aphethwe njalo, iphathelene ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha nokuqaphela abagibeli. ukunakwa okuningi ikhokhelwa ohlangothini yobuhle, ngoba sekuyisikhathi eside lesi sakhiwo kube ingxenye ukubukeka zomlando yenhloko-dolobha Ukraine.