Flame: isakhiwo incazelo isikimu lokushisa

Ngo inqubo amandla omlilo kwakhiwa ilangabi is, isakhiwo okuyinto okubangelwa reactants. isakhiwo sayo ihlukaniswe ezindaweni kuncike izici lokushisa.

definition

Flame ngokuthi amagesi esishisayo ngesimo lapho izingxenye bukhona oketshezini olungenambala olusegazini noma izinto bahlakazeka ifomu okuqinile. Basuke eyenziwa ngokomzimba kanye nohlobo chemical ukuguqulwa ephelezelwa luminescence, ukushisa ukukhululwa bafudumale.

Ukuba khona kule gaseous medium and ion olukhulu izinhlayiya libhekene conductivity yayo kagesi kanye ngokukhethekile ukuziphatha emkhakheni kagesi.

Kuyini amalangabi

Ngokuvamile libhekisela izinqubo ezihlobene ne amandla omlilo. Kuqhathaniswa emoyeni, kwabantu igesi incane, kodwa ezibangela okusezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa ukusebenza igesi ephakamisa. Futhi ekhiqizwa amalangabi ukuthi kukhona eside noma esifushane. Ngokuvamile kukhona ushintsho bushelelezi ifomu kolunye.

Flame: Sakhiwo Sakhiwo

Ukuthola ukubukeka lomkhuba echazwe yanele ukuze kuvuswe sikaphalafini igesi. Uvele amalangabi nonluminous ayikwazi kubhekwe iyunifomu. Ngokubukeka, kukhona izindawo ezintathu ezinkulu yakhe. Phela, lo Ukufunda ngokwakheka kwezakhi ilangabi ebonisa ukuthi izinto ezahlukene basuke ovuthayo ukwakha izinhlobo ezahlukene ilangabi.

Lapho evutha nenye igesi futhi umoya kwenzeka ekuqaleni ukwakha ilangabi short, okuyinto has umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye anemibala onsomi. It kungabonakala nengaphakathi - aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye sifana Isigaxa. Cabanga ilangabi. Isakhiwo ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu:

1. Ukwaba indawo wokulungiselela lapho Ukushisa ingxube igesi futhi emoyeni kwayo kuleyo ndawo yokuhweba ye ukuvuleka sikaphalafini.
2. Lokhu kulandelwa i-zone lapho amandla omlilo kwenzeka. It ithatha phezulu Isigaxa.
3. Lapho kukhona ukuntuleka komoya, igesi burns awangaphelela. Kuncike divalent carbon monoxide ne-hydrogen moieties. Yabo emva-esivuthayo senzeka endaweni yesithathu lapho kunomoya-mpilo etholakalayo.

Manje cabanga ngokwehlukana ezahlukene amandla omlilo izinqubo.

esivuthayo ikhandlela

Elivuthayo like umentshisi ovuthayo noma umentshisi. Sakhiwo yikhandlela sifana ekusakazeni igesi red-hot ukuthi yakhishwa ngenxa buoyancy amabutho. Inqubo iqala amalahle ntambo, kulandele ukuhwamuka we wax.

zone Lowermost elise ngaphakathi eseduze intambo, ngokuthi isifunda sokuqala. It has a luminescence okuncane blue ngenxa semali uphethiloli, kodwa nomqulu omncane we ingxube umoya-mpilo. Kukhona wenza inqubo akuphelele omlilo izinto ngokuhlukaniselwa we-carbon monoxide, okuyinto kamuva oxidized.

Izoni lokuqala lizungezwe igobolondo elikhanyayo yesibili, okuyinto ephawula isakhiwo elangabi ikhandlela. It uthola semali oksijini, okuholela ekuqhubekeni ukusabela namachibi ne amangqamuzana nophethiloli. Lokushisa ukufundwa lapha kungaba ephakeme kunaleyo ezindaweni amnyama, kodwa azenele ngenxa yokubola sokugcina. Kwaba ezindaweni ezimbili zokuqala nemisho enamandla Ukushisa amaconsi unburned uphethiloli ne-carbon izinhlayiya kuba nomphumela elikhazimulayo.

Eyesibili zone lizungezwe ambozwe nge neze selitholakala lokushisa eliphezulu amagugu. Kuziwa eziningi izinhlayiya zomoya-mpilo okukhuthaza izinhlayiya umnyuziki afterburner nophethiloli. Ngemva namachibi izidakamizwa ngowesithathu zone umphumela elikhanyayo is hhayi waphawula.

ukumelwa diagrammatic

Ngokucaca, sethula kuya ukunakwa wakho isithombe amakhandlela avuthayo. ilangabi isifunda sihlanganisa iSifundazwe:

1. Eyokuqala noma endaweni emnyama.
2. Umkhakha wesibili elikhanyayo.
3. Ingxenye yesithathu igobolondo okusobala.

Thread inhlansi lungekho ngaphansi zivutha charring kuphela ekupheleni eligoqiwe.

evutha isibani umoya

Ukuze ucwaningo chemical ngokuvamile zisebenzisa iziqukathi encane ngotshwala. Zibizwa ngokuthi utshwala isitofu. sikaphalafini ntambo elifakwe waphuphuma fuel ketshezi ngokusebenzisa orifice. Lokhu lula ingcindezi capillary. Lapho ufika phezulu ntambo khulula, utshwala uqala shabalala. Esigabeni umusi ke ephakamayo betshisa ezingeni lokushisa esingeqile 900 ° C.

Flame of ngesibani utshwala ifomu evamile, kuba pheze kungenambala, ephethe tinge kancane oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. endaweni yayo akunjalo kuyabonakala, like ikhandlela.

Ngo sikaphalafini utshwala, yaqanjwa usosayensi Barthel, ekuqaleni umlilo itholakala ngenhla sikaphalafini nesiphuku. Okunjalo Ukungena ilangabi kunciphisa Isigaxa omnyama kwangaphakathi futhi ophuma emgodini ingxenye Lesisemkhatsini, okuyinto kubhekwa ezishisayo.

umbala isici

imibala Flame emisebeni ezahlukene kubangelwa ukuguquka electronic. Zibizwa ngokuthi nangokuthi ukushisa. Ngakho, ngenxa amandla omlilo esemazweni hydrocarbon emoyeni, ngenxa ukukhululwa kwe blue flame HC kwakwakhe. Kodwa lapho izinhlayiyana CC ithoshi emisebeni ezinemibala umbala owolintshi-bomvu.

Kunzima ukubona isakhiwo elangabi, ukwakheka kwezinto equkethe elibona nxazonke amanzi, carbon dioxide ne-carbon monoxide, zokuxhumana OH. izilimi zayo cishe kungekho nto enemibala emihle, njengoba izinhlayiya ngenhla ngesikhathi omlilo ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana emisebeni ultraviolet futhi infrared.

Lokunameka ilangabi kuhlobene nezinga lokushisa izinkomba, yokubakhona zinhlobo ionic ukuthi ngibe ngumfazi othile wokunciphisa intuthu engcolisayo spectrum noma optical. Ngakho, amandla omlilo of ezinye izakhi kubangela umbala ushintsho elangabini sikaphalafini. Umehluko kule staining we isibani ezihlobene oluxube elise ngamaqembu ahlukene uhlelo gqwa.

Nomlilo ebukhoneni lemisebe eziphathelene nomkhakha ebonakalayo, cwaningo spectroscope. Kuye kwatholakala ukuthi imfuyo okulula subgroups inani kangaka ilangabi Umbala. Ngokucaca omlilo usebenzisa i-sodium njenge sivivinyo metal asebenzayo. Uma wenze ngawo amalangabi, ngezilimi igqamile aphuzi. Ngesisekelo umbala izici walulama sodium umugqa e bohlu ekushayweni.

Ukuze alikhali metal impahla nobuntu okusheshayo excitation ukukhanya ekushayweni zama-athomu. Lapho senza simo esishubile compounds izakhi onjalo Bunsen sikaphalafini ilangabi kuyinto umbala waso.

luhlolo Spectroscopic libonisa imigqa isici kule ndawo esibonakala ngamehlo abantu. Ijubane excitation ukukhanya ekushayweni isakhiwo esilula Spectral esihlobene isici okusezingeni eliphezulu izinsimbi electropositive.

sici

Ngesikhathi inhliziyo elangabi ngezigaba esekelwe izici ezilandelayo:

• isimo wokuhlanganisa esivuthayo compounds. Ziyakwazi aerodisperse gaseous, ifomu okuqinile futhi uketshezi;
• uhlobo ngemisebe, okungaba kungekho nto enemibala emihle, amaKhaladi elikhanyayo;
• isivinini Distribution. Kukhona okusheshayo fast and kancane;
• Ukuphakama ilangabi. Isakhiwo kungaba lamafisha;
• uhlamvu ukunyakaza ukusabela Izingxube. Emit onesigqi laminar, ukunyakaza zeziyaluyalu;
• okuqonda sibonwa. Izinto niyishise Kwabiwa sooting, anemibala noma ilangabi esobala;
• lokushisa ipharamitha. Ilangabi kungaba lokushisa ongaphakeme, izinga lokushisa abandayo kanye eliphezulu.
• isimo isigaba kukaphethiloli - oxidizing reagent.

Ignition kwenzeka okusheshayo noma pre-ukuxuba yezingxenye asebenzayo.

Oxidizing nokunciphisa endaweni

I namachibi okuphuma kuzoni athuthumelayo. Kuyinto ezishisayo futhi itholakala phezulu. It izinhlayiya fuel ibhekane amandla omlilo ngokuphelele. Futhi khona komoya-mpilo nophethiloli ngokweqile ukushoda kuholela namachibi inqubo okukhulu. Lesi sici kumele sisetshenziswe uma ukufuthelana izinto ngenhla sikaphalafini. Yingakho indaba egxilile engxenyeni engenhla elangabi. amandla omlilo okunjalo kwenzeka ngokushesha okungaka.

Ukuncishiswa ukusabela zenzeke abahlala engxenyeni ephakathi futhi aphansi elangabi. Iqukethe supply elikhulu izinto ezivuthayo futhi esincane O ₂ molecule ethwele amandla omlilo. Lapho usebenzisa lezi zindawo oxygenate cleavage kuyinto eyenziwa O isici.

Njengoba isibonelo, ilangabi ekunciphiseni isetshenziswa inqubo cleavage ka divalent yensimbi sulfate. Ngemva contact nge FeSO ₄ ingxenye emaphakathi elangabi sikaphalafini, kukhona Ukushisa kuqala bese noqhekeko ku oxide ferric ne-sulfur dioxide anhydride. Kulesi ukuphendula kwenzeka icala S nokuvulwa +6 futhi +4.

Welding ilangabi

Lolu hlobo ilangabi ezakhiwe omlilo of igesi ingxube noma uketshezi nge umusi womoya-mpilo okumsulwa.

Isibonelo Ukwakheka kwezitho ilangabi elingenawo umoya-acetylene. It isehlane:

• esifundeni core;
• yesibili esifundeni ukutakula
• kakhulu ukuvuleka zone.

Ngakho abaningi evutha igesi--mpilo ingxube. Umehluko isilinganiso acetylene futhi asihole ezahlukene oxidant ilangabi hlobo. Kungenzeka evamile, carburizing (atsetilenistogo) kanye oxidative isakhiwo.

Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi inqubo amandla omlilo ongaphelele acetylene-oksijini okumsulwa lingachazwa nge ezothando elandelayo: HCCH + O ₂ → H ₂ + CO + CO (ngoba ukusabela sidinga imvukuzane O _2).

Wathola i-hydrogen yamangqamuzana ne-carbon monoxide ukuxubana emoyeni umoya-mpilo. Imikhiqizo sokugcina amanzi tetravalent-carbon monoxide. I kwesibalo simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: CO + CO ₂ + H + 1½O ₂ → CO ₂ + CO ₂ + H ₂ O. Ukuze lesi simo sidinga 1.5 amavukuzi oxygen. Esikhathini summation O ₂ etholwe ukuthi 2.5 imvukuzane kudliwe ngayinye 1 imvukuzane HCCH. Futhi kusukela ngo-umkhuba kunzima ukuthola umoya-mpilo okumsulwa ephelele (ngokuvamile has a ukungcoliswa encane kakhulu ukungcola), isilinganiso O ₂ kuya HCCH kuyinto 1.10 ukuze 1.20.

Lapho ingxenye oxygen acetylene ukubaluleka esingaphansi 1.10, kukhona ilangabi carburizing. Isakhiwo ikhuphukile enkabeni yalo, zezinkulumo kwalo babe ngabantu esilufifi. Kule umule umlilo labelwe ngenxa yokuntuleka izinhlayiya zomoya-mpilo.

Uma isilinganiso igesi mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 1.20, ilangabi oxidizing etholwe nge ngokweqile umoya-mpilo. Okungenasidingo-molecule ayo ukubhubhisa athomu okusansimbi nezinye izingxenye steel sikaphalafini. Lokhu zenuzi ingxenye ilangabi iba mfushane futhi tapering.

lokushisa ukufundwa

Ngamunye zone elangabi sikaphalafini lekhandlela noma sinenai yayo ngenxa engayitholi zomoya-mpilo. evulekile ilangabi lokushisa kwezingxenye zalo ezihlukahlukene zokhahlamba kusuka ngo-300 ° C 1600 ° C.

Isibonelo kuyinto okusheshayo elangabini bese laminar, kwakhiwa okuyinto e amagobolondo ezintathu. Siqukethe Isigaxa ingxenye emnyama okushisa afinyelela ku-360 ° C kanye nokuntuleka umenzeli oxidizing. Ngenhla kuba zone kukhanya. lokushisa yayo zokhahlamba kusuka 550 kuya 850 ° C, ekhuthaza noqhekeko ezishisayo ingxube ezivuthayo futhi amandla omlilo yayo.

endaweni yangaphandle kancane obonakalayo. Kuziwa lokushisa ilangabi ukuba 1560 ° C, okuyinto kubangelwa izici zemvelo yezinhlayiya fuel kanye rapidity kokuthola umenzeli oxidizing. Lapha, amandla omlilo eyingqabavu kakhulu.

Into luvutha at kwezimo ezahlukene lokushisa. Ngokwesibonelo, i-magnesium metallic burns kuphela 2210 ° C. Ukuze ukudla okuqinile eziningi ilangabi lokushisa elingaba ngu-350 ° C. Ignition okufanayo kungenzeka futhi kaphalafini at 800 ° C ngenkathi ugodo - kusuka 850 ° C kuya 950 ° C.

Ugwayi luthungelwa ilangabi, izinga lokushisa awo kuhluka 690 kuya 790 ° C no-ingxube le-butane - kusuka 790 ° C kuya 1960 ° C. Gasoline luvutha at 1350 ° C. Flame wokushisa utshwala kuyinto ezingeni lokushisa esingeqile 900 ° C.