Esifundeni Bordeaux iwayini: ngezigaba kanye nencazelo. Kuhle brand "Bordeaux"

iwayini French isiko onikezwe Roma emuva VI. BC. e. Bona mlilo inkemba, zaphoqa Gauls ukutshala imivini. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-500 amaRoma abhubhisa konke ezivinini eGaul, njengoba kwaba usongo lonke ukuhweba yasebukhosini. izakhamizi kuphela uthando kule isiphuzo yizicukuthwane ukuze kuqedwe kwakungenakwenzeka, baqala lonke futhi. Kuze kube yimanje, iwayini France bayisibonelo, kuthiwa eshelelayo ke ongoti wonke amanye amazwe. Kulesi sihloko, sikunikeza incazelo iwayini "Bordeaux", ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngomlando wabo, cabanga ngezigaba kanye nezinye izindaba.

Manje, ake sixoxe French izifunda edume kakhulu iwayini ezikhiqiza.

Bordeaux

Bordeaux kuyinto esifundeni endala. Itholakala a sezulu esipholile on the Atlantic coast. iwayini elibomvu kusukela eBordeaux luyimfanelo emhlabeni ejwayelekile. Ukuze kukhiqizwe iwayini isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko 4 amagilebhisi: Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc futhi Malbec. Izindleko incike udumo nomkhiqizi kangakanani, yini sokuvuna ngonyaka nesivinini yokushutha, ngoba kule ndawo indawo evumayo ukukhula kanye nokuvuthwa we amagilebhisi musa njalo tente.

Isifunda sehlukaniswe appellasonov eziningana, edume kakhulu kubo: Amathuna, Medoc, Sauternes futhi Saint Emilion. Ngokomlando, ukuthi iwayini elibomvu kusukela eBordeaux sithengiswa ikakhulu emapulazini amancane ngasese, ababiziweyo Sezinqaba. They sebenzisa emasikweni okhokho babo futhi eduze ukuqapha izinga imikhiqizo yayo.

brand:

• Chateau Briot;
• Chateau Bellevue la Mongie;
• Chateau Marjosse;
• Chateau Cavale UBlanche;
• Chateau Memoire.

burgundy

Burgundy iyisifunda iwayini impumalanga yeFrance, ubude - mayelana 200 km. Siqukethe cishe ayikhulu appellasonov. Kube yamagilebhisi izinhlobo kutshalwa advantageously Aliquot futhi Chardonnay. Ngenxa sezulu variability nomhlabathi heterogeneous ezimhlophe Burgundy iwayini baziwa ububanzi kwabo omkhulu flavour. Ohlonishwa kakhulu ezindaweni iwayini ezikhiqiza: Ngo--Cote,-Cote futhi Chablis, Mâconnais futhi Chalonnais.

champagne

Champagne iyikhaya iwayini ekhanya. Isifunda itholakala eningizimu yeFrance, eduze komngcele Luxembourg and Belgium. Umsunguli kubhekwe isiphuzo Per Perinon (Benedictine indela) ukuthi ukuvutshelwa iwayini double obala okokuqala.

Esikhathini Champagne esifundeni ukhiqiza pink futhi iwayini emhlophe ebenyezelayo. Lokhu kusebenzisa 2 amagilebhisi ansomi Pinot Meunier futhi Pino Nuar nomhlophe of Chardonnay.

Beaujolais

Beaujolais - isifunda esincane eduze Lyon, elise nesimo sezulu esibandayo ezwekazini. Vintners zisebenzisa uhlobo olulodwa kuphela amagilebhisi ngokuthi Gamay. Ngenxa izimo engokwemvelo le Beaujolais iwayini egcinwe okwesikhathi eside bengayi. It ivula NgoLwesine wesithathu Novemba e isivuno nyaka, bese lidliwe kuze entwasahlobo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo French owenzile, bese ngobuciko yathandwa "Beaujolais Nouveau" - umkhosi iwayini abasha. Manje lugujwa emhlabeni wonke.

Bordeaux terroir

Ngokumangalisayo elise kahle engxenyeni ntshonalanga yeFrance, futhi ngokunembile, onqenqemeni Atlantic, Bordeaux ithatha nje umnyango Gironde. Bordeaux egeleza p. Dordogne, Garonne futhi ezihlukahlukene ukusakaza encane. It kwanelisa izidingo izivini ngokwemvelo abaningi esifunda umswakama njalo.

Isimo sezulu

Bordeaux sezulu esipholile ukunika:

• umlomo Gironde futhi khona nemifula;
• Ithonya efudumele Gulf Stream ocean zamanje ebusayo sezulu kanye heats emoyeni esifundeni;
• Landes ehlathini, okuyinto ungumbonisi ivikeleke kakhulu imimoya avela eNtshonalanga.

Izinhlobonhlobo nenhlabathi

Ngezinye umlomo Gironde futhi Garonne ogwini kwesokunxele zenhlabathi, ikakhulukazi limelela kwezihlabathi Stony imali Garonne. nenhlabathi okunjalo Stony (amatshe itshana, isihlabathi) okuqinile buthelela ukushisa namanzi elicwengekileyo, okwenza okuhle kakhulu yokuvuthwa amagilebhisi. Phakathi Dordogne futhi Garonne inhlabathi ikakhulukazi ubumba namathempeli ngokhonkolo namatshe. Kulokhu, ogwini kwesokudla Dordogne, ungathola Iphalethi elikhulu nenhlabathi of yenziwe ngohlobo oluhlukile: lime, ubumba, isihlabathi enamadwala, isihlabathi - bonke babe izakhiwo ukuba agcine amanzi emvula. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwesivini njalo ukuthola okuningi umswakama.

Bordeaux: Izibalo shazi

Ngokuvamile, izivini wendawo hlala ha ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 120. Bordeaux - kuba iwayini-likhula esifundeni elikhulu lonke lelo zwe. 11% ezivini kungene yamagilebhisi izinhlobo white 89% - izinhlobo abomvu.

Njalo ngonyaka Bordeaux ekhiqizwa abangaba yizigidi ezingu-6 hectoliters of iwayini. Dry, obomvu nomhlophe, iwayini pink "Bordeaux", okukhulu, isiphuzo ezimhlophe amnandi emhlabeni wonke. Ngo-2007, yokuthengisa iwayini wendawo safinyelela amabhodlela ayizigidi ezingu-760 e-bhiliyoni 3.4 euro. Ngesikhathi esifanayo 67% iwayini yokuqothulwa ngqo eFrance asele 33% akhishwa.

Izindawo iwayini-likhula

The main izindawo iwayini-elikhulayo esifundeni:

1. Barsac futhi Sauternes (Barsac, Sauternes) - kukhiqizwa iwayini "Bordeaux" ezomile ezimhlophe, amnandi.
2. Amathuna kanye Medoc (Amathuna, Medoc). Izivini zitholakala osebeni kwesokunxele River Garonne.
3. Libourne (Libournais) - Pomerol, Saint-Emilion, Fronsac, kanye nabangane babo. Izivini zitholakala ogwini kwesokudla emfuleni Dordogne.
4. Entre-Deux-Mer - ezivinini kuto ephakathi kwemifula Dordogne futhi Garonne. Bakha iwayini elimhlophe "Bordeaux".
5. Côtes de Bordeaux. I izivini yilezi loMfula i-Garonne, le Dordogne kanye Gironde.
6. Bordeaux kanye Bordeaux Supérieur (Bordeaux Superior, Bordeaux). Lezi izivini zitholakala kuso sonke isifunda.

indaba

iwayini French "Bordeaux" inomlando kunalokho ezithakazelisayo. umlando winemaking lapha cishe 2 zeminyaka. Bituriges isizwe, owayehlala Aquitaine ngokwengxenye ningizimu-ntshonalanga eGaul, kutshalwa lapha umswakama ukumelana amagilebhisi ezihlukahlukene ngokuthi Biturika. He kubhekwa ngukhokho edumile Bordeaux Cabernet Sauvignon. Idolobha elikhulu kwaba Bituriges Burdigala - Bordeaux namuhla. Esikhathini esizayo, ekunqotshweni lase libhujiswa ngemaRoma Bituriges Yaletha ulwazi olusha e winemaking newayini gallic ngokushesha waqala ancintisane imikhiqizo engcono ezivini Italy.

Ngo 1152 Duchess ase-Aquitaine Genrih Ii Plantagenet washada, futhi endaweni iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu ezayo yaba isifunda British, okuyinto kunqunywa nomgomo njengoba umphakeli enkulu iwayini ukuba wonke of England. Impi Ngenxa Eminyakeni Eyikhulu bakaJesu babesanda siphazamise ubudlelwane ukuhweba bechuma, futhi ngo-1453, emva kwempi Castillon, Aquitaine waphindela eFrance.

XIX leminyaka idume ukuthuthukiswa oqinile kwezomnotho Bordeaux. iwayini esifundeni baqala kuhlolwa amazinga amasha izinga. Bona bayindlala kakhulu, okuyinto wazala izinzuzo ezibonakalayo abakhiqizi yabo. Adume iwayini ngezigaba wamukelwa ngonyaka 1855 e Bordeaux. Iwayini kanye namuhla ziba igugu ukuze alale naye.

I Bordeaux iwayini steel oluthathwa esekelwe kweminyaka eminingi kokuhlaziywa, kanye izinga esitebeleni isiqinisekiso nomnikelo wawo e sabaphathi jikelele. Ngakho, umbandela kuphela kokuthola umnotho ohlwini kwaba high imikhiqizo yayo, kanye eminyakeni ezifakazelwe nakho ikhono njalo ukukhiqiza lomkhiqizo eliphezulu.

Bordeaux iwayini: Ukwahlukanisa

1st ngezigaba esemthethweni yanyatheliswa ngo-Ephreli 1855 ngomthetho Napoleon III. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ngoba isethulo iwayini eWorld Isentha, eParis. Esikhathini Bordeaux Chamber of Commerce umdwebo ngezigaba wayala "sigejana kwabalamuli commercial", eyayise-Exchange Bordeaux. Khona-ke kwaba khona umsebenzi wokudala esigabeni yewayini, angathathwa esekelwe iminyaka nakho. Iveza ikhwalithi terroir, kanye udumo okufanele. Ukwahlukaniswa kuhlanganisa 60 zezintaka amawayini abomvu.

Wayithola ukusabalala omkhulu. Kulokhu, sabaphathi zokuhlola ezasungulwa ke, okubandakanya amakilasi ezinhlanu Grand Cru, ubelokhu eqashelwa ngalé imibuthano luyingxenye okhokhelwayo. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-150 saba khona, lokhu ngezigaba usebhekene ushintsho eyodwa kuphela: omunye the best Grand Cru Chateau Mouton Rothschild eseke ngo-1973.

Iwayini 'Bordeaux "ezomile obomvu, wehlela e ngezigaba wokuqala, ishayise ogwini kwesokunxele Garonne, njengoba ngaleso sikhathi linqobe imakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ogwini kwesokudla Dordogne e Libourne, Regional Chamber of Commerce bebungekho - bekubonakala nje esungulwe ngo-1910.

Iwayini lokuqala nelesibili

Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka zihlanganisa iziphuzo ehlonishwayo ikhiqizwa umvini endala. Sinenkosi ezingaba lukhulu yokuguga isakhiwo enamandla tannic. Khiqiza Bordeaux iwayini yesibili - basuke elenziwe ngamagilebhisi umvini abasha, ngaleyo ndlela abe ukukhanya uhlamvu elinuka. Abakwazi baqashwe esemncane.

amagilebhisi

Iwayini 'Bordeaux "ukuzalwa aphume assemblage izinhlobo eziningana amagilebhisi. izinhlobonhlobo White: 11% wezindleko isivini endaweni. izinhlobo Red: 89% wezindleko isivini endaweni.

Merlot

It ithatha endaweni ngobukhulu, okuyinto 62% wendawo kuhlala izivini ebomvu esifundeni. Lokhu ezihlukahlukene ekuseni ukukhula uthanda inhlabathi olumanzi ne eziningi ngobumba azizwa okuhle Pomerol futhi Saint Emilion. Iwayini kuletha ukugcwala, ubuhle nombala. Wines lokhu ezihlukahlukene zithambile, ngokushesha ukufinyelela ukuphelela ukunambitheka, kunokuba iwayini kusuka Cabernet, kanye ukuthola ukhuni "zasendle" Ukuthanda izinto.

Cabernet Sauvignon

Limelela ebangeni kamuva lapho okufanelekela kangcono nenhlabathi efudumele futhi omile ezivamile Grave futhi Medoc isihlabathi equkethe. Iwayini, azalwe ke, okwakuyohambisana ako pepper kanye abomvu izithelo, sashintsha ngemva isitoreji futhi abe ukunambitheka enamandla astringent.

Cabernet Franc

Ikakhulu sihlakulelwe Saint-Emilion. Izakhamuzi esifundeni ibizwa ngokuthi lapha Bush. Uveza iwayini nge iphunga ezicashile ijikijolo, luthe ukuqina, namandla.

Okunye izinhlobonhlobo amagilebhisi ansomi: Cat (noma Malbec), Carmenere futhi Petit Verdot.

Semillon

Ikakhulu ke sitholakala ezindaweni ukuthi ukukhiqiza amawayini ezimhlophe elimnandi: Barsac, Sauternes, Saint-Croix-du-Mont, lapho kukhona nemibandela yizicukuthwane ukuphila bola (noma ukhunta Botrytis tsinerea). Lezi iwayini elimnandi abe luhlaza golden, ezinoshukela, ukunambitheka namanzi futhi okumnandi.

Sauvignon Blanc

Lokhu grade has a kakhulu engaba elimnandi. Dry iwayini emhlophe kusukela kuye ukunambitheka abukhali futhi fresh, lalibonisa emangalisa iphunga izinso blackcurrant futhi boxwood.

Muscadelle

Lokhu yamagilebhisi ukhetha inhlabathi clayey, lapho linamandla ukubola. iwayini White esenziwe kusukela lesi sigaba zinezikhathi a ezimibalabala iphunga roundness zokunambitha asidi ongaphakeme.

Amanye akhula ezivamile amagilebhisi emhlophe: Ugni Blanc, Merlot Blanc futhi Colombard.

Vintages e Bordeaux

I evumayo isikhundla ezindawo ka esifundeni inquma kokuhlukana eliphezulu isimo sezulu izinkathi ezahlukene, uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izifunda ezenza iwayini planethi. Lokhu umkhiqizi iyona kuvusa engcono ucabangisise kahle umthelela izici ezingaba nomthelela izinga yokuvuna kanye sifeze umsebenzi kahle e Winery futhi ezivinini, ukuze sinciphise nangemiphumela engaba khona nyaka onzima.

Winemaker kuyadingeka ukulawula isimo ngokuthatha isinqumo esifanele ngesikhathi esifanele. vintage ngamunye nge ncazelo uhlukile. Ngakho-ke, iwayini unyaka ngamunye zibe ingozi kakhulu ukuchayeka kanye nezakhi ezihlukene.

Iwayini 'Bordeaux ": Izibuyekezo

Yiqiniso, ngeke ukwazi ukuthola izibuyekezo engemihle mayelana iwayini kusukela Bordeaux esifundeni. Ngaphandle ukuthi ungakwazi ukubhekana zibiza kakhulu umkhiqizo. Kodwa lokhu, njengoba sithole, kunezizathu. Kubathandi bemidwebo izinga iwayini kuqashelwe, Ukuthoma ukunambitheka iziphuzo zendawo, flavour yabo abacebile sezimbali nenhle. Umuntu othile usevele selikhule ngenjabulo lesi abasha iwayini umkhosi, ebanjwa yonke indawo, kanye ujabulela ukunambitheka emangalisayo fresh, isiphuzo isibilile kuphela izinga izinhlobo amagilebhisi engcono.