East European Plain: sezulu, izindawo zemvelo, indawo

East European Plain ingenye ngobukhulu emhlabeni. endaweni yayo mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 4 million amakhilomitha ^2. Itholakala ezwekazini i-Eurasia yayigcwele (empumalanga yeYurophu). Kusukela side enyakatho ntshonalanga ye kwemingcele yayo adlule zaseScandinavia idwala ekwakhekeni, eningizimu-mpumalanga - ku eCaucasus, eningizimu-ntshonalanga - kwi afanayo e-Central European (Sudeten, njll.) Ngakolunye insimu yalo kukhona emazweni angaphezu kuka-10, iningi elalihlala Russian Federation . Kungenxa yalesi sizathu, lesi sigodi ubizwa nangokuthi Russian.

East European Plain: sezulu ukwakheka

Noma yimuphi kwendawo eklanywe njengomumo womhlaba isimo sezulu ngenxa ezinye izinto. Okokuqala, kungcono isikhundla womhlaba, impumuzo kanye angomakhelwane izifunda, okuyinto ezicishe zibe insimu ethile.

Ngakho, yini ngempela inomthelela sezulu emathafeni? Okokuqala, ake ukuhlukanisa amanzi wasolwandle: Arctic Atlantic. Ngenxa emoyeni uquqaba lwabo setha lokushisa ethile futhi kwezulu kwakhiwa. Kwakamuva Ukuboshelwa zisakazwe, kodwa kalula alichaza endaweni enkulu into, njengoba East European Plain.

Izintaba kube namthelela esingaphansi izilwandle. emisebeni yelanga kanye lonke ubude kuyahlukahluka: ezonini eningizimu inkulu kakhulu kunangendlela enyakatho. Kuwo wonke unyaka, ke kuyahlukahluka, kuye ngezici ushintsho zonyaka (ehlobo ezingaphezu kuka ebusika, ngenxa iziqongo snowy entabeni). Ngo-July, yafinyelela amazinga aphakeme yokukhishwa kwemisebe.

Njengoba sazi ukuthi ethafeni Itholakala zindawo eziphakeme futhi phakathi, insimu yayo ngokuyinhloko ubuswa a sezulu esipholile ezwekazini. Yena owandile ikakhulukazi esempumalanga.

Atlantiques isisindo

On the plain East European unyaka wonke ubuswa emoyeni uquqaba Atlantic. Ebusika, bekhulisa imvula sezulu efudumele, futhi ehlobo off-umoya elicwile thunzi. imimoya Atlantic, usuka entshonalanga kuya empumalanga, izinguquko ezimbalwa. Ukuba ngenhla surface eMhlabeni, zingabantu ehlobo ushisa nge umswakama kancane ebusika - abandayo ne kwezulu kancane. Kwakuphakathi nenkathi nemakhata East European Plain, isimo salo sezulu okuyinto encike ngqo kwi izilwandle, kuthonywa zasezindaweni Atlantic. Phakathi nale nkathi yonyaka, inombolo yabo bangase bafinyelele 12. Moving ngasempumalanga, zingashintsha kakhulu, futhi lokhu, esikhundleni salokho, kuletha ukufudumala noma indlu.

Lapho izishingishane Atlantic zivela eningizimu-ntshonalanga, engxenyeni eseningizimu yasethafeni Russian nomthelela nakwezifudumele emoyeni uquqaba okuyinto eyenzeka ngenxa ncibilika futhi ebusika okushisa ongasukuma ukuba + 5 ... 7 ° C.

Arctic emoyeni uquqaba

Lapho ngaphansi kwethonya iNyakatho Atlantic nezingxenye ningizimu-ntshonalanga zasezindaweni Arctic East European Plain, isimo sezulu siyashintsha kakhulu, ngisho nasengxenyeni eseningizimu. On insimu yalo kuza Ukupholisa abukhali. emoyeni Arctic, kaningi, ezihambelayo isiqondiso ukusuka enyakatho kuya entshonalanga. Ngenxa anticyclones, okuyizinto ezibangela Ukupholisa, iqhwa itholakala isikhathi eside, setha sezulu liguqubele ne okushisa aphansi. Njengomthetho, zivamile engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe plain.

izimo lokushisa nobusika

Uma ucabangela indlela is East European Plain, isimo sezulu the nobusika ihlukile kumasayithi ezahlukene. Kule ndaba, amazinga okushisa izibalo ezilandelayo waphawula:

• Northern izindawo - ebusika akuyona kubanda kakhulu ngo-January, izinga lokushisa Ukhombisa isilinganiso -4 ° C.
• Ezindaweni esentshonalanga Russian Federation sezulu izimo kancane kakhulu. Amazinga isilinganiso ngoJanuwari ifinyelela -10 ° C.
• Ezingxenyeni ezingaphakathi enyakatho-mpumalanga yesifundazwe enomoya. Lapha ungabona ku-thermometer -20 ° C nokuningi.
• Ezindaweni eningizimu yeRussia kukhona ukuphambuka okushisa eningizimu-mpumalanga. Isilinganiso ungaphakathi yokuziphindiselela -5 ° C.

Amazinga umbuso isizini ihlobo

Ngo isizini ihlobo bedle emisebeni solar East European Plain. Isimo sezulu kulesi sikhathi kuncike ngokuqondile kule isici. Kube kungaqali kakade zinenani wasolwandle emoyeni uquqaba enjalo, futhi izinga lokushisa kwasakazwa ngokuhambisana latitude yezemvelo.

Ngakho, ake sibheke izinguquko by esifundeni:

• Emoyeni ngokwedlulele enyakatho emathafeni izindawo ukufuthelana emini ngokwesilinganiso ukuze +8 ° C.
• Ezindaweni phakathi Voronezh futhi Cheboksary isethi lokushisa +20 ° C.
• Izifunda we ukucindezeleka iCaspian kukhona efudumele kakhulu. Lapha, nezinga lokushisa iqinile ngezithuba +24 ° C.

kwezulu

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, iningi ethafeni Eastern Europe izenzo esipholile sezulu yezwekazi. A isici ethile kwezulu akha 600-800 mm / g ngaye. ukulahlekelwa yabo ixhomeke ezicini eziningana. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhamba komoya quba ezingxenyeni zasentshonalanga, kuyoba khona zasezindaweni indawo phambi elimboze izindawo ezibandayo kanye Arctic. Izinga eliphakeme umswakama siyenzeka phakathi Valdai futhi Smolensk-Moscow upland. Esikhathini esingaba unyaka entshonalanga kwezulu uwela mayelana 800 mm, kuyilapho empumalanga kancane kancane - hhayi mm ezingaphezu kuka-700.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi wathonywa kakhulu nangabanye nesimo sendawo zensimu. Ezindleleni, engxenyeni esentshonalanga, imvula amamilimitha angu-200 isikhathi eside kunaleso emathafeni. Inkathi yonyaka yemvula ezindaweni eningizimu kwenzeka ngenyanga yokuqala kwehlobo (June) futhi indlela ephakathi nendawo, njengoba umthetho, lokhu Julayi.

Ebusika, iqhwa uwela futhi kwakhiwa ikhava esitebeleni is kule ndawo. ukuphakama ezingeni ingahluka, uma kubhekwa isimo kwendawo East European Plain. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-ukushuba emathafeni iqhwa 600-700 mm. Lapha akusekude ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa. Ngo ihlathi zone kanye ihlathi iqhwa ifinyelela ukuphakama 500 mm, futhi ngokuvamile ihlanganisa phansi ngokungenzi izinyanga ezingaphezu kuka ezimbili.

umswakama iwela emathafeni zone enyakatho, futhi ukuhwamuka kancane. Esikhathini indawo phakathi, lezi zibalo uqhathaniswa. Kepha umbuso waseningizimu, kukhona umswakama kakhulu esingaphansi ukuhwamuka, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, le ndawo sivame ukuba nesomiso.

izindawo zemvelo: izinhlobo kanye nencazelo emfushane

izindawo zemvelo aseMpumalanga European Plain awafani. Isizathu sisobala - yobukhulu enkulu esifundeni. On insimu yalo kukhona 7 esishintshashintshayo. Ake sibheke kubo.

• Tundra nezimfunda - sezulu ngokulinganisela abandayo, umswakama high, imvula inani kuze kufinyelele 600 mm / ngonyaka. Esikhathini indawo emathafeni kukhona eyiqhwa. Eningizimu kwemingcele yayo sihamba nezimfunda. Ububanzi endaweni - kuze kufinyelele 40 km.
• Ihlathi - umswakama lokushisa komoya okusesilinganisweni. I-bandwidth - kuze kufinyelele 1200 km. It ihlukaniswe yaba subzones ezimbili - amahlathi exubile kanye ehlathini.
• Leli hlathi-asemaqeleni Itholakala esipholile sezulu zone. Kutholwe emathafeni entshonalanga, elula esuka eningizimu-ntshonalanga, enyakatho-mpumalanga.
• Asemaqeleni - umswakama ongaphakeme, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme (isilinganiso ehlobo - +23 ° C). Le ndawo igcwele imimoya owomile.
• Ugwadule futhi ephuma kabili desert ithumba sifinyelela engezansi iVolga. Ngokulandelayo, umdweshu sihamba ukuze AKTYUBINSK. Inzika ingeqi 400 mm / y, futhi ukuhwamuka mkhulu kuka-1000 mm.

East European Plain kanye West laseSiberia Plain: ukuqhathanisa

Ngo emathafeni Russian kanye West aseSiberia eziningi izici ezivamile. Ngokwesibonelo, isikhundla sabo ezindawo. Bobabili ezwekazini i-Eurasia yayigcwele. Athonywa-Arctic Ocean. Le ndawo ine emathafeni ezimbili izindawo zemvelo ezifana ihlathi emathafeni, emathafeni, ihlathi, asemaqeleni kanye asemaqeleni. Ugwadule futhi ephuma kabili desert eNtshonalanga ethafeni laseSiberia ulahlekile. Nokunqoba arctic emoyeni uquqaba babe cishe nethonya elifanayo ezindaweni ezimbili kwendawo. nabo umkhawulo ezintabeni, okuyinto kungithinte kumiswa sezulu.

East European Plain kanye West laseSiberia Plain futhi umehluko. Lezi zihlanganisa yokuthi nakuba kulelivekati efanayo, kodwa zitholakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene: owokuqala - eYurophu, kwesibili - e-Asia. nabo kuhluke impumuzo - West laseSiberia ubhekwa kakhulu ephansi, ngakho-ke ezinye izingxenye zalo namaxhaphozi. Uma uthatha endaweni emathafeni iyonke, kule minyaka flora ambalwa empofu kunaleyo East European.