Crane White (Sterkh): incazelo, lapho izimpilo kanye namaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Le nyoni ezimhlophe ngomusa futhi ngokubabazekayo kuyigugu eyabaningi nemvelo reserves. Nokho, inani labantu yayo yemvelo iye kancane kancane kuncipha. crane White (Sterkh) izidleke kuphela ezindaweni elilinganiselwe ezindaweni enyakatho yeRussia.

Sterh: izici Ingaphandle

crane laseSiberia kungokwalabo Cranes bohlobo, Cranes umndeni. inyoni ezinkulu - ekukhuleni kwayo kuhluka eziyikhulu namashumi amane komunye mathandathu amasentimitha, ukala cishe bungamakhilomitha amakhilogramu. Swayipha crane amaphiko kuhluka amabili neshumi ukuba amasentimitha amabili namashumi amathathu, kuncike labantu.

Kuphela phakathi ukuthuthelwa ebusika oluya kude izindiza bophezela crane emhlophe. Sterh esidlekeni Russian futhi zohlobo. Lezi zinyoni ngeso elibukhali ornithologists.

umbala

crane White (sterkh) inesimiso isici, lapho kunzima ukudida nezinye izinyoni - abomvu uqhwaku eside kokuba Burr abukhali enisemikhawulweni. Azungeze amehlo uqhwaku izimpaphe lapho, futhi isikhumba ababethi umbala ocebile elibomvu futhi ubonakale kude.

Izimpaphe emzimbeni isebangeni izinqwaba ezimbili - i-white, ohlangothini engaphakathi wamaphiko imikhawulo imigqa emibili - black. Imilenze made, luhlaza Pinkish. Ziyakwazi abasizi omkhulu Crane amaxhaphozi: ivumela ukuhambisa ngendlela quagmire viscous phezu uhlevane.

Ekuqaleni amaphuphu onamehlo aluhlaza, bese ziba phuzi. crane White (Sterkh) iphila iminyaka mayelana ayisikhombisa, akazange yakha zenyathi.

ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo

Namuhla, kunamabandla amabili imiphakathi Cranes yalolu hlobo. Omunye ohlala Arkhangelsk esifundeni, kanti eyesibili - in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Lena inyoni abaqaphe kakhulu - crane emhlophe. White Crane, incazelo emfushane okuyinto enikezwa esihlokweni, wenza konke okusemandleni ukuze ugweme wezimpikiswano abantu, futhi akubanga yize: abasolwa ezindaweni abaningi banomuzwa ndaba zalutho.

Uma inyoni wabona umuntu - uyahamba esidlekeni. crane laseSiberia abakwazi kuphela aphonse bamba, kodwa kakade achanyuselwa amatshwele. Ngakho-ke, ungaphazamisi izinyoni ngalesi sikhathi. crane White (Sterkh), okuyinto izidleke kuphela eRussia, ubusika e-Azerbaijan India, Afghanistan Mongolia, China nePakistan. Ekuqaleni kuka-March, okuyisikhathi Cranes ukubuyela ezweni lenkaba yawo.

E Yakutia laseSiberia Crane uthunyelwa ezindaweni ezikude emathafeni futhi ekhetha ukubeka emaxhaphozini namahlathi njengomuzi ongangeneki. Lapha yena uhlala kuze kube ukuthuthelwa ebusika.

ukudla

Izazi zemvelo eziningi abanesifiso lo mbuzo: "sizodlani crane emhlophe (Sterkh)?" Ukudla le nyoni enhle ingena futhi yemifino kanye isilwane ukudla. Kanye ezimila emanzini: tuber, ukotini utshani, sedge kanye cranberry, okuyinto kakhulu othanda laseSiberia Cranes - abazange akudle izinambuzane ezinkulu, amaqanda nezinye izinyoni, amagundane, amachwane alien, ezingenamgogodla nenhlanzi. Ebusika, ngesikhathi ukufuduka, eSiberia Cranes kungagcini ukudla isitshalo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi zinyoni ze ona yokulima.

ukukhiqizwa kabusha

Cranes White - izinyoni monogamous. Evala akhiwa lapho Cranes kuyoba iminyaka eyisithupha. Phakathi noma ekupheleni May kwakhiwa pair of izinyoni ukukhetha indawo yokwakha isidleke lekusasa. Njengezinye izinhlobo Cranes, baphinda bahlangana ambalwa amanothi ukucula elikhulu. Ukukhala lezi zinyoni isici - okucacile isikhathi eside, okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi. It izici Cranes laseSiberia kusukela yezinye izinhlobo.

Cranes laseSiberia isidleke yakhiwe phezu kwamanzi evulekile. Basuke kanzima igcwele inkundla sedge sifanamsindvo. imfuneko okuphoqelekile lapho ekhetha indawo yokwakha isidleke - ukutholakala ukungatholi amanzi ahlanzekile, kwesigubhu samanzi kumele kube okungenani 40 amasentimitha ukujula.

Kuyathakazelisa ukubona imibhangqwana kokuzalela umdanso. Ekuqaleni, kokubili izinyoni aphonse emuva ekhanda lakhe ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana namanothi, eyinkimbinkimbi futhi elibala imisindo. Ukufeza "umshado" ingoma yabo, iduna elulele amaphiko akhe abanzi kuthi nengoduso yakhe ibagcine eligoqiwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Cranes ezimhlophe uqale umdanso zabo, esakhiwa neminsalo, oshaya, uphonsa up amahlumela Pats amaphiko.

Ukwakhiwa esidlekeni, bobabili abazali benza. Ngokuvamile, Insikazi ibekela amaqanda amabili ezimpunga izindawo ezincane ezimnyama. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngonyaka owomile kungaba eyodwa. Nzalo incubates zesifazane nezinsuku ezingamashumi amabili nesishiyagalolunye. Ngalesi sikhathi ama-owesilisa vigilantly kulinda esidlekeni.

inzalo achanyuselwa uqala kuwumqansa ukusinda. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona omunye iphuphu ngobukhulu futhi enamandla kunazo. Emva kwezinsuku ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu wabonakala izimpaphe ensundu abomvu. I ubuhle ezimhlophe bephendukela kuphela iminyaka emithathu.

IRed Encwadi Russia: crane emhlophe (Sterkh)

Sterkh - inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke zomkhaya wakhe. Kuyinto ikakhulukazi ngendlela wamanzi okuphila, okwenza kube nzima ukusebenza ukuze ulondoloze le zilwane yokuqothulwa. Manje inani labantu yakut ingeqi ayizinkulungwane ezintathu. Ukuze West laseSiberia laseSiberia Cranes - isimo esibucayi: bebengebona kunabantu amabili.

udaba olubaluleke ukuvikelwa Cranes ezimhlophe babehilelekile 1970. kuyo abaningi sezisunguliwe reserve izimali, lapho ornithologists sikhule lezi zinyoni kusuka amaqanda. Bafundisa amaphuphu eside ibanga izindiza. Noma kunjalo, usongo ukuthi uzonyamalala crane ezimhlophe ngokuphelele (Sterkh). Red Book (International) futhi ugcwalise uhlu zabo lezi ngezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Hunting lezi zinyoni akuvunyelwe nhlobo.

Ithemba imvuselelo

Kusukela maphakathi nawo-nineties kwekhulu elidlule, engaphezu kwekhulu Cranes ezimhlophe esekhulile kuyo Isikhishwe ku imvelo. Ngeshwa, ezifana amaphuphu kabi ngazivumelanisa nendlela (esiphezulu 20%). Isizathu sokuba onjalo okusezingeni eliphezulu lokufa ukungabi navigation isiqondiso, kanye nokuqeqeshwa indiza, esinikelwa abazali endle.

Lenkinga ibuye wazama ukulungisa ososayensi American. They akha ukuhlolwa, ngokuyisisekelo okwakukhona lokufeza amaphuphu kusukela ekusebenziseni moto hang-Awama-Glider. ERussia, siye ithuthukiswe uhlelo efanayo, ngokuthi "Flight Wethemba".

Yakhiwa trikes ezinhlanu ngo-2006, futhi ngosizo zabo Cranes abasha laseSiberia bathathwa umzila nokunwetshiwe kusukela Yamal Uzbekistan, lapho Cranes grey wahlala, eSiberia Cranes, futhi nabo baya ebusika. Ngo-2012, uMengameli Vladimir Putin ezimpini isimiso esinjalo. Kodwa ngasizathu simbe, kulokhu Cranes grey anikwamukelanga le Crane eSiberia futhi ornithologists kwakumelwe eze amaphuphu eziyisikhombisa agcinele Belozersky e Tyumen.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

• ENdiya Crane ngokuthi inyoni-lily. -Indira Gandhi wakhipha isimemezelo (1981), lapho esikhundleni ubusika Cranes ezimhlophe sidalwe epaki "Keoladeo", okusho yabukela umbuso esiqinile futhi zadala isimo esihle ukuze kuvikeleke lezi zinyoni ezinhle kakhulu.
• crane White (Sterkh) unqobe indlela elide kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo Cranes: amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka emihlanu nengxenye ayizinkulungwane. Kabili ngonyaka, Cranes ukundiza phezu emazweni ayisishiyagalolunye.
• E Dagestan, ogama indawo ewela Cranes eSiberia ngesikhathi ukufuduka, kukhona legend enhle ukuthi laseSiberia Cranes ziyimiphefumulo amasosha awile. Le nganekwane kwaba ngesisekelo ingoma edumile eyayibhalwe igama Rasul Gamzatov.
• Ngo nenkathi yokukhwelana Cranes ezimhlophe ukulala amahora angaphezu kwamabili ngosuku.
• Ukuze abantu balelo Khanty Mansi kanye crane ezimhlophe inyoni engcwele, tribal totem uhlamvu ebalulekile wonke amasiko.
• Khanty neze uhlupho Crane: kukhona umgoqo esingashiwongo ngokumelene ngokuvakashela izindawo lapho Cranes ezimhlophe isidleke entwasahlobo nasehlobo.
• Izindlela ephumelela kunazo zokuzalanisa lezi zinyoni, ornithologists cabanga indlela "abazali abakuthola" nokukhulisa esiqiwini. Esimweni sokuqala, iqanda Cranes ezimhlophe zingase itshalwe esidlekeni Cranes grey. In the yesibili - amaphuphu sikhule esiqiwini, wodwa wahlukanisiwe ukuzihlanganisa nabantu. Khona-ke uma zikhishwa ukuze umuntu omdala Cranes zasendle.

Bird abalindi ukuqhubeka ukuthuthukisa nemisebenti lehlose kulondolozwe le nyoni enhle ngokubabazekayo. Sithemba ukuthi crane emhlophe (Sterkh), ukudalulwa kwalo okungahle siye okwethulwa kulesi sihloko uyakusindiswa futhi inyoni enkulu Kuyoze kube ukujabulisa nathi nge imibono yabo.