Izwe Lebanon dolobha, umlando, izithombe

Izwe eLebanon nomlando wakhe omude, useke wabhekana engaphezu kweyishumi yezimpi esibhubhisayo. Yingakho uma elichumayo isimo namuhla ngokuthi nokubekezela. Kodwa, naphezu kwazo zonke ubuhlungu beye bahlupheka, Lebanon oye wakwazi ukulondoloza imvelo layo eliyingqayizivele, nge godi futhi izintaba, uphayini izixuku amabhishi kanye izikhumbuzo emlandweni futhi yokwakha ezikhanga izivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke.

geography

Izwe Lebanon, okuyinto lwazi kuyoba usizo izivakashi uhlela ukuchitha amaholide abo insimu yalo, ogwini olusempumalanga ye-efudumele oLwandle iMedithera. Inani indawo kuleli zwe elincane 10.452 metres square. km.

Yikuphi emazweni akhelene Lebanon? Ngo enyakatho nasempumalanga it has imingcele ezivamile ne-Aramu eningizimu - kanye no-Israyeli. esifundeni esiseNtshonalanga Lebanon bahlanza ahambe ngasoLwandle LwaseMedithera.

ILebhanoni evamile uhlukaniswa kane ngokucijile ezihlukahlukayo esifundeni physiographic. Lezi zihlanganisa elisogwini futhi zokhahlamba inegama elifanayo ne igama izwe, Bekaa Valley kanye Anti-Lebanon Ukhahlamba. Iphuzu esiphezulu kule ezweni elithile laseMpumalanga Ephakathi ivuliwe phezulu yokhalo Kurnes al-Saud. Le ntaba kunqoba eliphansi at 3083 amamitha.

Phakathi imifula eminingi e Lebanon has isikhathi eside. Washayela Litani. Lokhu ingeminye 140 km iphelela eside ngokusebenzisa ezindaweni ezimaphakathi kanye eseningizimu yaleli zwe. Nge Lebanon zivela ezifana nemifula emikhulu njengoba Hasbani futhi Orontes. Ngaphezu kulelizwe, baphathe amanzi abo ku-Israyeli neSiriya.

Umsuka kwegama

Ngokwezinye izazi-mlando, igama elithi "Lebanon" lisuselwa "Quince" Persian lasendulo. Ehunyushiwe kusho "Igumbi esiyingelezini sezulu" noma "ithala izinsika."

Kukhona enye inguqulo, owawuthi, inhloko-dolobha Lebanon, elanikezwa ngu wamaHeberu asendulo. Kuyinto ngolimi lwabo kufanele ufune izimpande yokuqamba lokhu ezweni elithile laseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Kuhunyushwe kusuka kuye igama elithi "Lebanon" elisho "intaba emhlophe".

Isiputukezi

Izwe Lebanon wakhanga ukuba izifiki njengoba Ekuqaleni kwekhulu 10th. BC. e. Futhi emva 7 zeminyaka insimu yayo yaqala ukubonakala ngowokuqala lizisho, ingxenye enkulu yomphakathi okwakukhona abathengisi kanye amatilosi.

Ogwini Mediterranean, abaseFenike eyasungulwa ikamu labo. Kwakungekho isilawuli eyodwa. Yingakho ukugcina umthetho wabantu wasebenzisa amandla nokuhlakanipha zombusazwe lizisho. AbaseFenike yibona ngezisebenzi eziyizingcweti nangezinto ngowokuqala baziqambela zamagama. Lesi sizwe kwadingeka ngemikhumbi yakhona eyizingqabavu futhi amakhono ababehamba olwandle. abahwebi wayo ukuza ogwini eSpain, Egypt, eNyakatho Yurophu ogwini yezwekazi lase-Afrika. abathengisi waseFenike bethengisa ingilazi futhi indwangu abadumile onsomi. Kodwa ikakhulukazi funa phakathi abathengi isasetshenziswa nemisedari okhule emithambekeni Lebanon. Kusukela izinkulungwane zeminyaka imiphongolo yalesi sihlahla anamandla eyakhelwe emikhulukazi. Izizinda eyinhloko Lebanon ngalezo zinsuku kwakuyimizi enezivikelo ezifana neSidoni, eThire Byblos futhi Berytus (ukwethula Beirut).

WaseFenike ukuhweba ngemikhumbi labhujiswa abase-Asiriya ngo ngekhulu lesi-9. BC. e. Okulandelayo kula mazwe weza neovavilonyane, bese, ekhulwini 6th. BC. e. they kwathathelwa indawo namaPheresiya. I-4 m. BC. e. izwe linqotshwa Aleksandrom Makedonskim. Ngemva kwalokho isimo waseFenike ekugcineni liwa laphinde labhidlika. I 1-m. BC. e. angomakhelwane neSiriya zanqotshwa abase eRoma. EFenike futhi waba ngaphansi kwamandla wabahlaseli. Insimu le isimo Mediterranean baba ingxenye yesifundazwe yaseSiriya.

Inkathi entsha

Phakathi neminyaka engu-634 futhi 639. emasimini Mediterranean Arabhu weza. Bamnqoba Syria, ukuvula ugu waseFenike lizisho emizaneni encane. Arabhu ukukhuthalele owakhiwe kwezifunda zezintaba yezwe, ukufunda umhlaba eyigugu evundile iqhele khona.

I-4 m. BC. e. Lebanon baba ingxenye yoMbuso WaseByzantium. insimu yalo liye bethola izikhundla zawo zobuKristu. Nokho, esikhathini esingaphezu kweminyaka eyikhulu Lebanon lalibuswa Umayyads. Awase uhlanga lwamakhosi wokuqala omkhulu Muslim, futhi batshala abantu inkolo yabo. Ngenxa yalokho, ezweni kwakukhona izibhelu njalo phakathi kwabalandeli okholo amaKristu endawo kanye nasezindabeni ze amaJuda. Ikakhulukazi ezazisebenzisa Maronites umSiriya, ukuba bathethelele ikamu labo eduze entabeni yaseLebanoni.

Ngo-750, i-ezweni elithile laseMpumalanga Ephakathi waqala ukubusa le Abbasid. Lo mbuso, nezinye izifundazwe okwakukhona Lebanon, waqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngekhulu le-11. Ngokulandelayo, amandla ibibanjwe yi Fatimid lwamakhosi, ngubani baphoqeleka ukuba lona ezimpi zokholo lezidlamlilo. Ngemva kubo endaweni yaseSiriya, Egypt, Yemen futhi entshonalanga ye-Arabhiya, ihlasela Muslim Ayyubids. Kodwa anginaso isikhathi ukwakha umbuso wakhe siqu, bashaywa ngo amaMamluk - bakhe amadoda-izigqila. Laba banqobi wabusa Lebanon kusukela ngekhulu le-13.

Ngemva ezintathu namakhulu eminyaka okwalotshwa ngawo Mamelukes umaluju izikhundla zabo ngaphansi ukucindezela emirs Tanuhida - labaholi bezigodi Lebanon. Ingxenye yezwe ngekhulu le-16. It lathunjwa WaseTurkey Sultan Selim, owayebizwa ngokushesha indawo izinqubomgomo Fakhraddin abanamakhono kakhudlwana. Sultan wakwazi hlanganani kulo lonke lelo zwe, okuyinto manje, futhi iyizwe ngokuthi Lebanon.

Umlando isimo yesimanje

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. izwe lahlukaniswa WaseTurkey isifunda esiphethe: Maronite futhi Druze. Phakathi izifunda ngokuvamile uxabana ukuthi obala wakhuthaza ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey. Ngenxa yalokho yokungavumelani ukuqeda impi, okwakubekelwa akuzi nje Maronites futhi Druze, kodwa futhi ukulondoloza abaholi babo amakhosi asendulo futhi abalimi. Esikhathini ukungqubuzana eyalandela kwadingeka ukuba kungenelele osopolitiki ngisho European. Ngaphansi ukucindezela kwazo, abaseTurkey baphoqeleka ukuba babe nobunye Lebanon ukubhubhisa uhlelo amakhosi asendulo futhi aqoke umbusi yobuKristu. Lokhu isimiso sezombangazwe waqhubeka kwaze kwaba kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho izwe linqotshwa militarists Turkish. Ngemva kokumiswa izwe ukuthi eMpumalanga Ephakathi isibe isimo wabusa France.

Yini more elinde Lebanon? umlando wezwe kwashintsha kakhulu ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II. Isimo ithola uzibuse walo futhi waba elikhulu sezohwebo. Lesi yisikhathi lapho Lebanon yilona lizwe okungukuthi isikhungo kwamasiko-zomlando zezimali zomhlaba Arab, kanye eMpumalanga Ephakathi noma Eastern Switzerland, Paris. Nokho, ngo-1975 uhulumeni wayelinde ukuhlolelwa entsha. Phakathi nale nkathi, Lebanon bamukela tetemnotfo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Muslim sokusebenzisana amaKristu lontamo idedelwa impi yombango, eyathatha engaba amashumi amabili.

Lebanon - yilokhu ezweni namuhla? Okwamanje, state endleleni ukuvuselelwa umnotho walo. insimu yalo ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukisa umkhakha izivakashi, okuyinto, efana eminyakeni engamashumi amaningi eyedlule, kuletha izimali ezinkulu ukuze isabelomali isimo. Konke lokhu kwaba Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba iqiniso lokuthi abantu Lebanese ukulondoloza umlando ocebile esifundeni, okuyinto ngamunye kungabonakala emihumeni izintaba izakhiwo zasendulo, izinqaba ephakathi amathempeli. Namuhla, emadolobheni Eastern izwe Ephakathi bayakhula, kukhona amahhotela yesimanje, futhi ezinkangala ihlelwe ski resort, ezifana Mzaar, Faraya futhi Lakluk.

Isimo sezulu

Lebanon - ezweni lapho kukhona indawo ye ezisondelene iMedithera. Ngenxa yalesi endaweni libhekene elishisayo nobusika kubanda enodaka. Ngo-July, nezinga lokushisa degrees 28, futhi ngo-January - +13 ° C. Yesithwathwa zenzeka kuphela kwezinye izindawo ezisezintabeni.

Iningi kwezulu uwela endaweni esentshonalanga Lebanon. Iziqongo eziphakeme kunazo zonke unyaka wonke embozwe yiqhwa.

Lowo amaphupho uhambo noma uhambo uhambo kuleli zwe, kungcono silingane isikhathi kusuka April kuya May futhi kusukela ngo-October kuya ku-November. Lona ngenyanga uma isimo sezulu ikakhulukazi ukhululekile ngabantu.

Abathandi ski iholide mhlawumbe uye ku Lebanon esikhathini kusuka November kuya ku-April. Umuntu ngabo ukuba igunya kuyiholide lolwandle, kunconywa ukuthenga izinkambo luya eMedithera kusuka April kuya November. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, eLebanon kwafika ehlobo, ungakwazi ukujabulela ukubhukuda olwandle, bese yami bachitha ihora endleleni, ukuya eneqhwa ski resort.

uhlobo

Ngokuvamile, lokhu iparele eMedithera libizwa Lebanon. Yilokhu ezweni isendaweni ensimini yomhlaba yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene? Kuwufanele ethi ubunjalo Lebanon Akumangalisi olunothile. Izwe ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu ewela ngu amabanga amabili entabeni. Omunye wabo uyagijima parallel elisogwini, okuyinto lizungezwe oluhlaza kabhanana lezixuku orange. Lokhu entabeni yaseLebanoni. Labo we amagquma ayo nazo kolwandle, embozwe oki, Maple yaseSiriya, laurel zasendle neminqumo. Ezindaweni ephakeme, budebuduze eziqongweni, umjunipha ikhula, kukhona o-Ashera elincane umsedari oseLebanoni (ngalé yayo kungabonwa ifulege lesizwe yezwe).

Eyesibili Ukhahlamba - Anti-Lebanon - liphuma Engxenyeni esempumalanga yaleli zwe emingceleni neSiriya. Lapha ungathola emigedeni, ihlobe "crystal" drips ka stalagmites futhi elilengayo. Kusukela entabeni iziqongo ngokushesha baphathe amanzi kwabo emfuleni, esetshenziswa njengoba ihambe kude.

Phakathi amabanga amabili iyona Lebanese Bekaa Valley. Ingxenye eseningizimu insimu yalo kuyinto yayithola okusanhlamvu okuningi yangempela yezwe, futhi sekungamakhulu eminyaka amaningi, njalo ezitshalwa umuntu.

inhlokodolobha

Idolobha elikhulu neLebanoni Beirut. Lena itheku abadumile hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi inhloko-dolobha yalelo lizwe. Okwamanje, Beirut iyisikhungo ezinkulu zezimali nolwasebhange esifundeni Middle East. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona inani elikhulu izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe.

Inhloko-dolobha ye Lebanon kukhulunywa ngaye ngokokuqala ngekhulu le-15. BC. e. ngokuthi Baruth. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, idolobha akakwazanga ancintisane neSidoni Tiroy. nenkathi yokudlondlobala kwawo eze ukufika amaRoma, wona wenza iSiriya Beirut isikhungo nasemaceleni ogwini Mediterranean.

Ngo 635 edolobheni lathunjwa Arabhu, turning kube Arab sompristi. Kusukela 1516 kuya ku-1918 Beirut okungewakho abaseTurkey owafaka bendawo amasiko abo. Okulandelayo kwaba maphakathi isimo ukukhathazeka eFrance. Futhi kuphela ngo-1941 inhlokodolobha Lebanon isibe umuzi omkhulu weRiphabhulikhi ezimele.

Beirut bekulimele sina ngesikhathi 1975 impi yombango ukuziphatha, kodwa ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20. kusho ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuba dlweza it. Namuhla iyisikhungo kwamasiko, nabanengqondo futhi kwezentengiselwano Eastern LwaseMedithera. Lo muzi ubizwa evuthiwe kwamabhizinisi amancane, umsebenzi, ukukhiqizwa yezimboni ukudla, isikhumba textile izimboni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-Beirut kuyinto isithekelisi yezithelo, amafutha omnqumo nosilika.

Budebuduze inhlokodolobha Lebanon kuyinto sezindiza zamazwe ngamazwe. It uxhuma ezweni nazo zonke amazwekazi kule planethi yethu.

labantu

Modern Lebanon - lizwe lama-Arab. 95% abantu sebebonke, futhi wonke izigidi ezingu-4 - ama-Arabhu. Labo abasele abanga-5% labantu Lebanon ethulwa Kurds, amaGreki, Armenia, abaseTurkey, nokunye. D. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi namuhla izwe uwoyela-ocebile ukwaze ukukhulisa umnotho walo ezingeni ukuthi akuyona phakathi izakhamuzi zakhona abangenamakhaya iziphanzi.

Lebanon - ezweni Muslim. Phela, lolu kholo lapha ithobela cishe 60% abantu sebebonke. AmaKristu bakha 39%. Amaphesenti asele sabantu bezinye izinkolo.

AmaKristu avame ukushiya le ezweni elithile laseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Abakushiyayo emhlabeni, ukukhetha phakathi eLatin America, Israyeli, amazwe aseYurophu, e-USA. Lebanon ngaphambilini ayikwazanga ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabo mayelana nesigameko lihlaselwa amaphekula asePalestina. Manje amaKristu awekho endleleni ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe ngenxa elihlomile iqembu lezombusazwe Hezbollah.

Ulimi olusemthethweni Arabhu. Nokho, izakhamuzi eziningi Lebanon kukhona ngamakhala isiFulentshi nesiNgisi.

zokungcebeleka

Lebanon - emnyuziyamu zangempela zomlando leMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ensimini ka kuleli zwe elincane ingcebo ezikhangayo engokwesiko. Phakathi kwabo:

• idolobha endala emhlabeni - Byblos;
• ethempelini, wakha phakathi koMbuso WamaRoma, elise Baalbek;
• izinsalela kanye enamandla waseFenike edolobheni uthi (iThire, neSidoni Trablosa);
• walondoloza kusukela ngenkathi Omayyadov edolobheni elibiyelwe ngodonga Anjar (58 km kusuka Beirut);
• Beiteddine zesigodlo;
• Saint-wahlala - inqaba ephakathi, etholakala emzini Tripoli.

Inani elikhulu izingosi zomlando ezithakazelisayo kungabonwa imizi ngemizi weRiphabhulikhi Lebanon. Ngokwesibonelo, e-dolobha i-National Museum, iSidoni - Sea Castle Museum nensipho. indawo Interesting hambo kuyoba Cedar Park, etholakala endaweni engamamitha ayizinkulungwane 2. Amamitha. Lapha ungathola izihlahla, ogama yobudala engu-2000.

Phakathi ezihehayo yaseLebanoni futhi ahlukanisa

• Church of Ioanna Krestitelya, etholakala engxenyeni ephakathi ye emzini Byblos;
• Dome of the Rock, okuyinto sezakhiwo zasendulo impela of Beirut;
• Sursock Museum, yaqanjwa owaqamba wawusekela;
• EKhilikhiya Museum, okuyinto isiqhingi isiko Armenia;
• Jeita emigedeni, amangazayo ubuhle bemvelo (etholakala eduze Beirut esigodini emfuleni Nahr al-Kalb).

isixhumanisi

E Beirut, ukuxhumana kwamangqamuzana kwandile, ohambelana GSM-900. Ikhadi le-SIM Local ukwamukela izingcingo ezingenayo mahhala. izindleko aphumayo ungaphakathi uhla amasenti eziyisikhombisa ngomzuzu. Kukhona futhi uzulazula ekhatsi Lebanon ne ehola Russian amanethiwekhi amaselula opharetha. Izindleko ngomzuzu omunye ingxoxo ezweni lethu kubiza cishe amabili amadola.

Izingcingo phesheya abazenzi ukuya nokubuya amahhotela, kusukela landlines futhi payphones emgwaqweni. Ekhatsi Lebanon, inikeza izinhlobo ezimbili sokushaya amakhadi. Ezinye zazo (Telecard) zisebenza kuphela uma usebenzisa payphones ezisemadolobheni. Okwesibili (Kalam) efanelekayo uxhumano iyiphi ucingo.

Ukuze ushayele ezweni elithile laseMpumalanga Ephakathi, kudingeka ukwazi ikhodi yezwe ngoba Lebanon. Wayedinga ukubamba ukuxhumana ngamazwe.

Izwe ikhodi Lebanon - 961. Kufanele ezoshayelwa ezifana neselula nje futhi uxhumano ifoni yasendlini.

Izici izwe

Ngo Lebanon siphile wabantu balapha abanobungane nabahle uhlobo, ababambelela, njengoba umthetho, ikhodi European zokuziphatha. Nokho, kuwufanele ukukhumbula ukuthi kuleli zwe empumalanga enezinto eziningi izici. Ngokwesibonelo, uma Lebanese esinikezwa inkomishi yekhofi, akufanele siyeke phansi. zokungazimiseli yakho ukuthi zilawule uphawu ophakeme zalokho kweyisa.

Futhi, ningathwali izingxoxo nezakhamuzi zendawo ngobuhlobo phakathi kwamaqembu ezinhlanga noma ukuxoxa izindaba zezombangazwe. Ungathathi izithombe Lebanese, ngaphandle kokubuza kwemvume.

Imithetho Special khona uma uvakashela amathempeli. Badinga ukuya izingubo avaliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane kudingeka tie headscarf. Abameleli beNdikimba isigamu fair lesintu akufanele uhamba ezitaladini endaweni iziketi ezimfushane kakhulu futhi ihembe evulekile kakhulu.