Cosmonaut Soviet kanye nososayensi Valentin Lebedev biography

Umhlaba - uhlamvu lwenhlabathi kuqhathaniswa amandla engenakulinganiswa universe. Imithala amaqoqo ezinkanyezi, ama amaplanethi ongaqondakali, izimbobo black esiyingozi - izakhamuzi zaphakade emhlabeni wonke, imigomo okuyinto ziyingozi Earthlings. Isikhala noma yini ehlangene nakho, kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka bakhangwa futhi yavusa izingqondo nelukuluku. izifundo nocwaningo Umphumela uye waba onolwazi olubanzi yaleli zwe elikhulu futhi ngokuphelele alien kithi. Yiqiniso, kule ndawo yentuthuko abazenzi ngokuqhubekayo ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ufunde imithetho yonke kuze kube phakade. Abantu abaye banikezela ukuphila kwabo lo msebenzi, kusobala, yinhlonipho. It izazi zezinkanyezi, cosmologists, akhona futhi osomkhathi.

Moscow ebuntwaneni

Lebedev Valentin Vitalevich - Soviet Cosmonaut, PhD, profesa inkosi ezemidlalo. Lo muntu wakhonza ngokwethembeka uyakufanelekela ucwaningo imbangela isikhala, ngakho lizimelele emlandweni isikhala emhlabeni. Umhlaba Register sanikwa inombolo 70, futhi ngokuvumelana kwabantu KwabaseSoviet Kwakugxile Khona - inombolo 29. Valentin Lebedev phakathi nenkonzo yakhe yokuba indiza amabili angaphezu Umhlaba kanye futhi u-Adalberto isikhathi eside (amahora angaphezu kwamabili), waphuma e evulekile.

astronaut Ikusasa Ngazalelwa eMoscow. usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa waziwa: April 14, 1942. Wakhuliswa njengomFarisi e umkhaya ovamile. Unina - Antonina Fedorovna - wamabhuku ezimali noyise - Vitaly Vladimirovich - wakhetha i-career lempi. Mhlawumbe, isinqumo lomfana ukhetha lo msebenzi nesibindi. kuthonywa ufuzo kayise. Valentin Lebedev wafunda e Naro-Fominsk inombolo esikoleni esiphakeme 4, okuvela kulo wathola iziqu ngo-1959. Ngalesi sikhathi, le nsizwa ukuthi wenza isinqumo khona Vector ezinyakazayo nezinto eziza kuqala ekuphileni futhi wanquma ukuba bakhethe indlela umshayeli.

Long eya isikhala: ekuqaleni

Orenburg Aviation School - lokhu ungumuntu oqotho zezinkanyezi esizayo. Ezemfundo lapho eye wavumela guy izakhe e umcabango ngokunemba ngendlela ekhethiwe. Ngeshwa, ngalezo zinsuku kwenzeka le kabusha nokwehlisa Armed Forces zase-USSR, izinguquko njalo ngakho ziye zenzeka kule ndawo. Ekugcineni Aviation School, okwakuthatha ukuqeqeshwa endaweni Lebedev yahlakazeka. Valentine uye wakhetha ukungahlukanisi ukushintsha iphupho wangena eMoscow Aviation Institute e-Faculty of izindiza. Kodwa lolu cwaningo wawunganikezwanga le nsizwa, futhi ngokulinganisa basungula kanzima ukuphathwa izindiza ibhizinisi. Wandizisa amadivayisi ezifana Yak-18, IL-29 bahlangana-MI-1. Futhi ukuqala ukuthuthukiswa Awama-Glider (Kai-12). Ngakho, Valentin Lebedev wazizwa amandla izindiza metallic, ukuze wawanqoba.

Sebenza ngesikhathi Central Design Bureau

Nakuba umfundi eMoscow Aviation Institute yaqanjwa S. Ordzhonikidze umfana namanje isicelo yokwemukela Cosmonaut. Futhi ngo-1963, wathola ngesiphakamiso legatsha Isikhungo Party. Kuzwakala isimanga, kodwa kubusa amaSoviet, kwakungenakwenzeka ngaphandle kwekwesekelwa ufaneleke ukusebenza izinhlangano sina. Ngemva kokuphothula sikhungo, Valentin Lebedev ithole imvume yokusebenza e-Central Design Bureau. Le nhlangano bese oholwa edume S. P. Korolov. Kamuva, ngo-1979, lesi sikhungo iqanjwe kabusha futhi yaziwa ngokuthi i-NPO "Energia". Kulesi inhlangano, Valentin Lebedev, ogama biography ukwenze sayo juqu, imukile unjiniyela abavamile ukuba umcwaningi.

Ngo-1967, usosayensi ezihilelekile kule mikhankaso E-Indian Ocean, ihlelwe ukuze uthole mkhathi unmanned "Zond", asetshenziswa ohambweni enyangeni. Ngonyaka olandelayo, futhi e-India unjiniyela wahola iqembu ochwepheshe, okwakubonisa "Zond-5" - sasemkhathini ukuzungeza Moon futhi ngowokuqala ukunikeza eliphezulu izithombe Earthlings ka esethilayithi nasemahhovisi esifundazwe.

Lebedev Valentin Anatolevich eduze kakhudlwana ukuxhumanisa imisebenzi yayo ne-cosmos futhi ngentuthuko kule ndawo. Lokhu kuboniswa mlando obengeziwe yomlando wakhe:

• ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ngcono indlela insindiso isikhala nabasebenza kokufika phezu kwamanzi, futhi umhlaba.
• Waba khona ukuhlolwa kwendiza lwemikhumbi ezifana "Inqubekela", "Union" esiteshini esemkhathini "Salyut" (okwesine lesithupha).
• Wayesebenza ngesikhathi cosmodrome "Baikonur 'nenhloko iqembu op-lobuchwepheshe.
• Wayengumuntu instructor kanye umfundisi Cosmonaut Training Centre, lapho abaqeqeshiwe nezisebenzi "Soyuz" (4-9) ukundiza.
• Yasungula izinqubo imibhalo docking manual kwakuwukubonana, kanye ukulawula umkhumbi futhi esiteshini esemkhathini.

Flight ukulungiselela

Esezuze isipiliyoni ezidingekayo, ukwenza imisebenzi ezihlukahlukene kangaka, Valentin Lebedev wafika eduze umgomo. Ngo-1969, unjiniyela ovelele got ukufinyelela ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile. oluvelele Ikhaya ibhodi wakhe kwezokwelapha emva ukuhlolisisa nangokuhlola ngokujulile astronaut esizayo. Lokhu kwenzeke ngaphakathi kwezindonga inhlangano ihlonishwe, okuthiwa i-Institute of Izinkinga Biomedical. Mayelana lesi senzakalo esibalulekile esenzeka ekuphileni Lebedev, kwakufanele bonyana enze uphazamisa izifundo zabo esikoleni test abashayeli bezindiza. Phakathi nesifundo ayenakho ukuze balukhulume ukuzanywa fighter "MIG-15" futhi "Mig-21".

Ngemva ukulungiselela okunzulu indiza emkhathini (inqobo nje uma isipele) Valentin V wabonisa imiphumela emihle ukuze ngokuphelele ukuthi libhaliswe nezisebenzi phansi.

Isikhala lokuqala lwezithunywa Lebedev

Qala indiza senzeka ngo-1973, e-imfushane (December 18). Valentin Lebedev kwaba ngo "Soyuz-13" mkhathi nezisebenzi njengoba unjiniyela indiza. ucingo lakhe uphawu - "Kavkaz-2." Ukundiza kwaba yinto yesikhashana - mayelana ezingu-7, kodwa waba ukubaluleka okukhulu ngokwesayensi. Iqiniso ukuthi umkhumbi isikhala kwaba ifakwe uhlelo olusha ngezibonakude we brand "Orion-2", sibonga umsebenzi ehlelekile imishini yamuva kanye onjiniyela professional aseqalile okwashiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu astrophysical bohlu ultraviolet e cleaner.

Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, ngemva kwendiza yakhe yokuqala Lebedev bavikela mqondo yakhe ukuqeqeshwa iqembu usebenzisa ukuma ukuqeqeshwa amasu sekufundzisa ekhuthaza ke. Sonke lesi sikhathi lo-astronaut uyaqhubeka ukusebenza "Amandla" NGO. PhD mqondo, lolungenamaphutsa kuvikelwa kuye, inikeza ngokuyinhloko entsha, ukubukeka ngcono ngesikhathi ukuqeqeshwa ngaphambi kokuya isikhala. Okwakubaluleke ngokukhethekile kwaba izimo enengqondo kakhulu ukuqaphela yabo: anezinkanyezi isikhala kwakuwukubonana ezicashile docking, isikhala amathrekhi.

Flight unjiniyela uphawu ucingo "Elbrus-2"

Eyesibili indiza Lebedev, owawuse-1982 kwi eziyinkimbinkimbi isikhala ngokuthi "Soyuz T-5" (ngaphandle kwakhe, kwakukhona umkhumbi ezifana emkhunjini wezimpahla "Inqubekela" futhi esiteshini esemkhathini "Salyut-7"), wangena Guinness Book of Records isikhathi sokuhlala esikhaleni (izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-211). Ukundiza wehlela emlandweni hhayi kuphela ngokuya isikhathi, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuthi phakathi nalesi sikhathi Lebedev olwenziwa ucwaningo eziningi futhi iqaliswe uhlelo olunzulu ucwaningo. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lokhu kuthunywa indiza unjiniyela not owahlukana uphawu ucingo "Elbrus-2". Phakathi indiza, Lebedev spacewalks sahlala amahora amabili. Ngenxa yalokho, yena yanikezelwa elisezingeni ofundisa-test Cosmonaut ekilasini lokuqala.

By endleleni, ingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi esiteshini esemkhathini "Salyut-7", eyenzelwe ukucwaninga kwesayensi, wezokwelapha kanye kwezobuchwepheshe a cleaner, uyisibonelo zakamuva kulolu chungechunge.

ucwaningo lwesayensi Ayigugu

Phakathi isikhala sakhe uhambo ezimbili abanamakhono indiza unjiniyela okumalungana amathathu namashumi zokuhlolwa kudingekile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene isayensi nobuchwepheshe. Iningi labo lalilisha esiyingqayizivele. Walinganisa umkhathi eduze esiteshini, elicwengwé amazinga vibration ngaphakathi ingxenye isikhala, ukulungiswa izindlela amasampula oyinyumba begazi. Futhi ekugcineni, ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni Astronautics ebhodini mkhathi kutshalwa isitshalo okuthiwa "Arabidopsis", okuyinto usebhekene ephelele umjikelezo zentuthuko.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuba ukuthuthukisa indlela yokulawula ezizimele "Salyut-7" isikhala esiteshini ukuze sithole ephathelene nokunyakaza kwezingqimba zomhlaba kanye nezakhiwo Geological eplanethini yethu. Ngakho-ke waphiwa mfana lapho isiqondiso kubalulekile ukuqhuba ucinge uwoyela, igesi kanye imali polymetallic ku-Altai esifundeni.

Ngemva indiza, Valentin Lebedev waqhubeka esebenza e ehhovisi design, bente nemisebenti ngokwesayensi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1985 unjiniyela othile bavikela mqondo yakhe zobudokotela ekuthuthukisweni methodological, lula imisebenzi izinhlelo esemkhathini bese kukhuphula ukusebenza ngendlela yabo. Lo msebenzi uye abe ezinye wamavukelambuso ngokwezinga - ke Valentin V okuphakanyiswe nokwandisa umsebenzi crew, asuse isimiso ezingadingekile, futhi wenza izinguquko ukuze indawo imishini sokudubula.

Valentin Lebedev: astronaut idayari

Ngaphezu amaphepha isayensi (193), esekhona namanje ukuthatha njengoba isisekelo yabo abafundi emanyuvesi amaningi orientation ethize, Valentin V wabhala izincwadi. Ngokwesibonelo, "Dimension wami" nethi "Izinto indiza ucwaningo unjiniyela." Kodwa le misebenzi adalwe kusetshenziswa izinto we edume "Diary of usomkhathi." Ohlukile amarekhodi ukuthi babengakwazi ukushicilelwa, kodwa umane ufuna ukuveza imizwa nemizwelo yazo ephepheni. Nabakhi bezindawo abanaki imithelela isitayela, astronaut echazwe izinsuku ngaphambi kokuqala, ngesikhathi, nokuba ebhodini esiteshini. isifungo neziphawulekayo eyanikezwa Lebedev yena nje ngaphambi kwendiza. Kuyo, wathembisa ngokuthi ngeke ashisayo, ungabacasuli uzakwethu ukubophezeleka izinqumo zabo unikwe ukusebenza okugcwele.

Yiqiniso, kukhona indawo idayari, futhi imizwa astronaut kwadingeka ukuba umkhaya, umama. Between emigqeni kukhona ukulangazelela umndeni kanye nezwe. Futhi e irekhodi kuhlanganisa ulwazi mayelana nobunzima ngokomzimba ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezisemkhathini: ukuqwasha, isicanucanu, ikhanda eziphikelelayo. Kwakukhona izici ezingezinhle kwengqondo - kwakunzima ngixhumane uzakwethu ngenxa yokucindezeleka zanqwabelana.

"Diary of usomkhathi" lokuqala Uphakamisa umgubuzelo libonisa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke laba bantu, imizwa kanye nemicabango yabo. La marekhodi kukhona ezifundisayo kakhulu wabathanda imisebenzi emkhathini.

Imiklomelo bathole namaqhawe

Cosmonaut Ezivelele Lebedev Valentin Vitalevich negalelo elikhulu ukuze isikhala, astrophysical, navigation kanye survey umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Lo muntu ezinikezela ngempela ukuphila kwakhe isayensi, akakwazanga ukumsiza kodwa izindondo eziningi futhi timphawu. Akazange afune ukuba abe usaziwayo, kodwa izinga nje okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nomphefumulo umsebenzi wakhe. Ngokwesibonelo, ngisho lapho siseholidini, Valentin V alikwazanga ngaphandle umsebenzi - kanye nabafundi bakhe, waya zizosiza ekwakheni we edume of BAM, okuyiwona wathola omunye umklomelo - ". Eyokwakha BAM" ngendondo Ngaphezu kwalokho, astronaut waklonyeliswa ziqu ezilandelayo kanye namamaki abanohlonze:

• "Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa" (kabili).
• IV degree Order "Ukuze Merit".
• Order of Lenin (imiklomelo emibili).
• "Ukuze kokufaneleka kutsi kwehlwaywe isikhala" - indondo.
• astronaut French wathola i the Order of iButho Ukuhlonishwa.
• Ahlonishwe Worker Science.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba sekushiwo, ebaleka sasitholakala kuyi Guinness Book of Records, YaseMoscow Cosmonauts Alley kuyinto ngokudayisa esikhazimulayo indiza unjiniyela, Valentin V kuyinto isakhamuzi zokuhlonipha emizini eminingi isiRashiya, ngokukhethekile, Naro-Fominsk. Futhi NASA uye ehlongozwayo ukwenza Lebedev isakhamuzi zokuhlonipha State of Texas ngoba neqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni Astronautics. Ekugcineni, enye yamadodana amaplanethi ezincane yaqanjwa usosayensi abanamakhono - kwakhishwa isinqumo esenziwe-International Astronomical Union.

Little ngokuphila kwakhe siqu

Njengoba ngobumfihlo uValentina Vitalevicha Lebedeva, konke uzinzile - sekuyisikhathi eside ngishade owesifazane omuhle abaseduze naye kokubili umoya futhi ngokuya professional (futhi unjiniyela). ULyudmila Vitalevna, unkosikazi-astronaut, okwamanje umhlalaphansi e isimo impesheni. Umbhangqwana kumelwe Kuzelwe indodana ngo-1972 - Vitaly V .. Yena usebenza njengoba ummeli.

Lo mbhangqwana Lebedev abe umzukulu nomzukulu Anastasia Demid. Valentin V nomkhaya wakhe uhlala e Moscow.