Concept nezinhlobo kwamacala WaseRussia

ukuze Specific reference, ukucabangela nekusombulula izimo, okuyinto lihlelwe ngokuhambisana nomthetho, ngokuthi ekambisweni. It ikhona izinhlobo ezine: ngokomthethosisekelo, civil, lobugebengu kanye nezokuphatha. Ukucutshungulwa wefayela icala njalo kwenziwe iziphathimandla zokwahlulela ngesisekelo amakhodi kanye neminye imithetho kahulumeni. Ngakho-ke, i-oda kuleli cala kuyadingeka, ngaphandle kwalokho isinqumo ingxabano Ungahudula ku isikhathi esingenasiphelo isikhathi.

definition

IziNyathelo simele ezithile inqubo isinyathelo ukucabangela nekusombulula kunjalo, okuyinto eyenziwa ngokuhambisana nomthetho. Ngoba elula kakhulu empeleni yayo ekubhalweni nokuncenga isakhamuzi akukwazi in limbo. Kufanele kwamukelwa yinkantolo futhi kubhekwe.

Izimiso eziyisisekelo ukukhiqizwa lokhu okulandelayo:

- ukulingana yato tonkhe takhamuti kukhululwe phambi komthetho, kungakhathaliseki ubuzwe lomuntu, ibala lakhe lesikhumba, umcebo;

- emphakathini - izingxoxo mayelana umhlangano ovulekile, okuyinto angahanjelwa noma yimuphi umuntu onentshisekelo;

- emphakathini - okusho ukuthi uphenyo olwenziwe yi iziphathimandla zikahulumeni;

- ukuvikela - wonke umuntu unelungelo lokubumba noma lokuba usizo olufanelekile wezomthetho ummeli;

- ulimi kazwelonke kumele kuqondwe abantu abahilelekile.

Concept nezinhlobo kwamacala WaseRussia

Esimweni ngasinye kumele kubhekwe futhi ixazululwe ngokuhambisana nomthetho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kumele oyinikeza ngalo komunye izinhlobo akhona zomthetho:

- zomthethosisekelo;

- civil;

- isigebengu;

- zokuphatha.

Kulokhu, yilowo nalowo kubo has izici zayo siqu, okuyinto asethwe e ikhodi ethile nezinye kwemithetho esungulwe. Wona kanye umqondo welithi ubulungisa buyini oda kwecala, okuyinto ebalulekile sokulungiswa ngesikhathi esifanele nelungile ingxabano.

imisebenzi eyisisekelo

Izinhlobo zomthetho eRussia zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine eziyinhloko:

- ngokomthethosisekelo osebenza esimweni lapho kuyadingeka ukusungula kuhambisana nezenzo ezamukelwe ngu emthethweni oyisisekelo isimo;

- zokuphatha - okwesikhathi abantu emaphutheni amancane (misdemeanors), umthwalo okuyinto kulawulwa Ikhodi Administrative;

- sokuya empini - ukuxazulula ingxabano eqhamuka kusuka impahla kanye siqu okungezona impahla ubudlelwane sabantu;

- isigebengu - kubalulekile ukuba ukusungula icala izigebengu noma bathethelele usebenzisa izinto ezinobufakazi obuqinile.

Ngamunye wabo izinhloso zayo lapho sihlukanisa phakathi amacala. Yingakho izinhlobo tinchubo eRussia abahlukile nomunye izindlela zabo futhi izindlela, futhi ibuye ibe izici ezithile Ukucabangela izikhalazo futhi izicelo eziphathelene sawo.

ngokomthethosisekelo

Injongo eyinhloko yale Isivivinyo ukufanisa ukwamukelwa of iziqondiso umthetho eyisisekelo isimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto ngaphansi kwekhono iGceke Russian Federation, okuyinto igunya elikhethekile yoMthethosisekelo, izinqumo zayo ayikwazi inselele futhi washintsha. It is luqondiswa yizimiso ezilandelayo:

- ukuzimela;

- collegiality;

- emphakathini;

- ngokuqhubeka umhlangano;

- ukwenza ngcono ukukwazi ukuncintisana;

- ukulingana amaqembu.

Uma ucabangela ikakhulukazi umthetho iziphathimandla zomphakathi kanye non-ukuhambisana soMthethosisekelo.

Izinqumo nezahlulelo weNkantolo zingujuqu uthathe kuyokwenzeka ngokushesha emva isimemezelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithombo ezibalulekile umthetho-sisekelo.

Umhlangano we igunya lomphakathi sasihlale siphethe iphaneli collegial lamajaji. It bavunyelwe ngisho yezokusakaza yabo, kodwa kuphela nezindaba kubaluleke ngokukhethekile.

tinchubo yoMthethosisekelo zomthetho eRussia njalo iqala ngesicelo abantu abagunyaziwe. LIungelo kulokhu yilezi:

- UMengameli;

- UMbuso Duma;

- oPhethe Federation;

- Uhulumeni;

- Arbitration eNkantolo Ephakeme.

tinchubo zokuphatha

Kusho indlela wenzani ngezikhalazo zezakhamizi kanye nezinhlangano ezingokomthetho etinyatselweni letitsatfwa neziphathimandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, tinchubo zokuphatha ezidingekayo ukuze uxazulule izingxabano phakathi izikhonzi zalo legatsha komthetho. It libhekene ukuqaliswa imisebenzi elandelayo:

- ukufinyelela kwezobulungiswa emkhakheni zobudlelwano nomphakathi;

- lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela izithakazelo esisemthethweni izakhamuzi nezinhlangano;

- zokuvimbela amacala (misdemeanors);

- Ukuhlola nezindaba nokuxazululwa kwezinxushunxushu ngendlela yalo mkhakha lwamacala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela 2015 yonke indawo laseRussia laqala ukusebenza Ikhodi RF Yenqubo Administrative. Ngaphambi ukuthi wonke amacala kulesi sigaba zalunga ngosizo CPC RF, kodwa manje abanazo inqubo ekhethekile ukuba bacabangele.

Ikhodi Inqubo Administrative we Russian Federation manje idokhumenti ezinkulu zenqubo lapho izimiso emsebenzini wayo bachazwa, izindlela zokuhlola ubufakazi, kanye nokubhaliswa isimangalo.

inqubo civil

Yezinjongo eziyinhloko nazi ukucabangela lesifanele futhi uyale nekusombulula ingxabano eqhamuka phakathi kwabantu nezinhlangano mayelana izindinganiso zokuziphatha nezingokomoya impahla.

I-oda of Civil Inqubo kanje:

- ekuqhutshweni zemibango lidlule ngomlomo, ngolimi kuyaqondakala ukuthi ngamunye amaqembu kunjalo;

- uhlola bonke ubufakazi;

- wezwa ukuchitha ubufakazi bofakazi kanye nochwepheshe;

- niqaphele ukuzivikela.

Lapha kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi into etholwe inkantolo kufanele kubhekwe phakathi kwezinyanga ezimbili, ngaphandle isimangalo lokuthi abuyiselwe esikhundleni, amasonto amane kuphela enikeziwe ngaye.

Isicelo sithunyelwa ngokubhala, ngaphezu amakhophi ke ka yonke imininingwane ebalulekile kufanele ebiyelwe, kanye irisidi ukukhokhwa kwemali, uma enikeziwe. Ngemva lesi senzo begceke anqume ngokwamukelwa icala noma uyibuyisele ummangali zokulungisa ukuphulwa.

inqubo lobugebengu

Ingabe akukho ezingabalulekile kakhulu ukubaluleka kwalo kunezinye izinhlobo kwamacala WaseRussia. Lulawulwa isenzo zomthetho eziyisisekelo futhi ezibalulekile kulokhu - Ikhodi. Lesi sivivinyo yakhelwe ukuxazulula izinkinga eziphathelene emacaleni kuyingozi ngokukhethekile, ababiziweyo ubugebengu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, it has izinqubo ayo ekubhekaneni, okuyinto izoncika kakhulu ukuqashelwa ummangalelwa icala. Kulokhu, lo violator ekhethekile, unswinyo ezinzima (ejele, izivimbelo yayo, izinhlawulo ezinkulu) zisetshenziswa. Yingakho kokuthethwa kwecala ubhekwa ezibaluleke kakhudlwana kunezinye izinhlobo kwamacala WaseRussia, njengoba lesi sinqumo kungenzeka phakade ukushintsha isiphetho ndoda.