Combustible amagesi: igama, properties kanye isicelo

amagesi oluvuthayo - izinto nge ongaphakeme embundwini calorific value. Lona Isakhi esiyinhloko fuel gaseous, esetshenziselwa ezisemadolobheni igesi ukuthengisela, e umkhakha nakowezenhlalo zokuphila. Physico-chemical izici zalezi amagesi kuncike khona e nokwakheka kwawo izingxenye incombustible futhi izinto.

Izinhlobo nemvelaphi yamagesi ezivuthayo

Amandla omlilo amagesi zihlanganisa i-methane,-propane, butane, ethane, i-hydrogen ne-carbon monoxide, ukungcola kwesinye isikhathi hexane futhi pentane. Basuke etholwe ngezindlela ezimbili - kusukela amasimu izindlela zemvelo kanye yokufakelwa. Amagesi yemvelo imvelaphi - fuel, umphumela kwezinqubo ezingokwemvelo kwamakhemikhali yokubola udaba eziphilayo. ezifakwa Iningi zisendaweni engaphansi kuka 1.5 km ukujula aqukethe ikakhulu methane ne admixtures elincane-propane, i-butane ne-ethane. Njengoba kwanda ukujula iphesenti elandayo amanyela. Eyatholakala kusukela ezifakwa zemvelo noma njengendlela igesi lokuhambisana Amasimu uwoyela.

Ngo iningi igesi yemvelo ezifakwa basuke bagxila rocks sedimentary (sandstones, gravels). Overlying futhi eziyimbangela zogqinsi obukhulu ubumba amatshe. Njengoba ematheni ikakhulukazi ukukhonza amafutha namanzi. Artificial - amagesi ezivuthayo ekhiqizwa ngenxa ukucutshungulwa ezishisayo of izinhlobo ezahlukene fuel okuqinile (coke, njll), Futhi okunye kwemikhiqizo kaphethiloli.

Isakhi esiyinhloko igesi yemvelo akhiqizwa imali owomile methane ne nengcosana-propane, i-butane ne-ethane. Igesi yemvelo libhekene Ukwakheka njalo, libhekwa njengoba ezomile. Ukwakheka igesi akhicitwe nakuchubeka uwoyela negesi-okuxubile imali, ingahlalisekanga futhi kuncike GOR lamafutha uwoyela wemvelo kanye negesi Izingxube ngaphansi kwezimo. Kuhlanganisa esibalulekile-propane, butane, ethane nezinye ukukhanya hydrocarbon esindayo eziqukethwe uwoyela kuze kaphalafini nophethiloli izingxenyana zaso.

Isizinda ezivuthayo igesi yemvelo ukuze kukhishwe khona kusukela kugcwele, kusho ukuqoqwa, ukususwa umswakama ngokweqile kanye nokulungiselela izithuthi ukuba umthengi. Isici igesi wukuthi kuzo zonke izigaba kumiswa kumsebenzisi wokugcina yonke inqubo selinqunyiwe.

amagesi Combustible kanye nezici zabo

Zharoproizvoditelnost - lokushisa esiphezulu ezikhishwe omlilo ephelele igesi elomile lemali kwakuthiwa edingekayo umoya. Kulokhu ukushisa ukufudumeza imikhiqizo wachitha amandla omlilo. Ukuze i-methane lokhu ipharamitha okungukuthi 2043 ° C, i-butane - 2118, le - 2110.

Amazinga ukuthungela - izinga lokushisa aphansi lapho nokuguqulwa ukuthungela inqubo ngaphandle ukuchayeka njengomthombo wangaphandle, ube yinhlansi noma ilangabi, ngenxa yokushisa ezikhishwe izinhlayiya igesi. Lokhu kukhetha kubaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni izinga lokushisa avumelekile amadivayisi wasebenzisa ezindaweni eziyingozi, okuyinto akumele kweqe lokushisa ukuthungela. Ukuze hardware ezifana inikezwa ekilasini lokushisa.

Flash iphuzu - izinga lokushisa aphansi lapho umusi eyanele ikhishwe (phezu uketshezi) ukuze kuvuswe ilangabi uye kulencane kakhulu. Le mpahla akufanele Yenza nge iphuzu flash, njengoba lezi nemingcele ingahluka ngokwezinga elikhulu.

I kwabantu igesi / umusi. Ezimisele uma ziqhathaniswa emoyeni, ogama kwabantu ilingana 1. I ukuminyana igesi <1 - ezikhulayo> 1 - uwela. Ngokwesibonelo, i-methane, bangamaphesenti 0.55.

Ingozi yamagesi ezivuthayo

Combustible amagesi ayingozi ezintathu zalo izakhiwo:

1. Combustibility. Kukhona ingozi yomlilo elihlobene ne ukuthungela engalawuliwe igesi;
2. Ubuthi. Ingozi igesi elinobuthi noma imikhiqizo yayo amandla omlilo (carbon monoxide);
3. Nomaka ngenxa ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo, okungase Ikhutjhwe yi enye igesi.

Inqubo omlilo kuyindlela yemvelo yokusabela chemical, okubandakanya i-oksijini. Lapho le energy ikhishwe njengoba ukushisa, amalangabi. izidakamizwa oluvuthayo izenzo igesi. Inqubo omlilo igesi kungenzeka khona amaphuzu amathathu:

• Umthombo ukuthungela.
• amagesi ezivuthayo.
• Oxygen.

Injongo ukuvikelwa umlilo ukushabalalisa okungenani yezimbangela.

methane

Kuyinto kungekho nto enemibala emihle ukukhanya igesi oluvuthayo ngaphandle iphunga. Kuyinto non-enobuthi. Methane 98% igesi yemvelo. Kukholakala ukuthi lo main sokunquma izakhiwo igesi yemvelo. Kuyinto 75% we-carbon futhi 25% i-hydrogen. Isisindo cube. m - 0,717 kg. Liquefied ezingeni lokushisa 111 K, ngenkathi umthamo yayo kuyehla izikhathi 600. It has a reactivity ongaphakeme.

propane

Propane - fuel igesi Ayinambala futhi ayinaphunga. It has a reactivity ephakeme kunaleyo methane. Okuqukethwe igesi yemvelo 0,1-11% ngesisindo. Le gesi mahhala kusukela okuxubile igesi kuya ku-20% ngo-kusetshenzwe zokubasa okuqinile (lignite namalahle, amalahle itiyela) ku-80%. Propane isetshenziswa basabela ngezindlela ezingafani ukukhiqiza ethylene, propylene, olefins, alcohols ephansi, acetone, formic acid propionic acid, nitroparaffins.

i-butane

Le gesi fuel Ayinambala, ne iphunga. I-butane gas oluyingozi futhi kalula liminyaniseke. Iqukethe igesi zikawoyela ukuba 12% by volume. Futhi, it is eyatholakala kusukela kwemifantu petroleum amafraktjhini futhi laboratory ngu Wurtz ukuphendula. Zeqhwa ^lokushisa -138 C. Njengazo zonke amagesi hydrocarbon, umlilo ingozi. Iyingozi isimiso sezinzwa lapho imuncwe kubangela ukungasebenzi kwekhono apharathasi zokuphefumula. I-butane (igesi) anezakhi kwezidakamizwa.

ethane

Ethane - igesi Ayinambala futhi ayinaphunga. Ummeleli we-hydrocarbon. Dehydrogenation at 550-650 ⁰ C kuholela ethylene, okwedlula 800 ⁰ C - ukuze acetylene. Kuqukethwe igesi yemvelo kanye ezihambisana 10%. Kuncike aphansi-lokushisa ziphuzo zazihluzwa. Lelincomekako izamba ethane Are sasikhipha ngesikhathi kwemifantu petroleum. Ngaphandle kwesibeletho okulungiselelwe Wurtz ukuphendula. Kuyinto main impahla eluhlaza for vinyl chloride futhi ethylene.

hydrogen

igesi lutho futhi ayinaphunga. Akunabo ubuthi, 14.5 izikhathi alula kakhulu kunomoya emoyeni. Ngu uhlobo hydrogen okungukuthi sihluke emoyeni. It has a reactivity okusezingeni eliphezulu, nesilinganiso ebanzi ukuthungela, alufakwa kakhulu. Kuyinto ingxenye cishe yonke organic compounds. Le gesi nzima kakhulu ukuba onomfutho. hydrogen Mahhala ngokwemvelo kukalutshwana kakhulu, kodwa ngesimo compounds kuvamile.

i-carbon monoxide

igesi Ayinambala, ayinaphunga futhi kunganambitheki. Isisindo 1 cc. m - 1,25 kg. Eziqukethwe igesi obukhulu kanye methane nezinye hydrocarbon. iphesenti ekhulile yemiphumela carbon monoxide ku igesi fuel kunciphisa ukushisa amandla omlilo. It kunomphumela enobuthi emzimbeni womuntu.

Ukusetshenziswa amagesi ezivuthayo

amagesi Combustible abe okusezingeni eliphezulu calorific value, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukonga kakhulu amandla nophethiloli. Ingabe kabanzi izidingo yasendlini, ezitshalweni amandla, yokusansimbi, ingilazi, usimende kanye nezimboni zokudla, njengenhlangano fuel yezimoto, ukukhiqizwa kwanoma zokwakha.

Ukusebenzisa igesi oluvuthayo njengoba impahla eluhlaza ukwenziwa organic compounds anjenge-formaldehyde, methanol, acetic acid, acetone, acetaldehyde, ngenxa yokuba khona e isakhiwo sabo hydrocarbon. Methane njengoba Isakhi esiyinhloko igesi fuel zemvelo, sisetshenziswa kabanzi ngokukhiqiza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene organic. Ukuze ukukhiqizwa kwe-ammonia kanye ahlukahlukene izinhlobo alcohols esetshenziswa zamagama wegesi - umkhiqizo ukuguqulwa methane nomoya-mpilo noma umhwamuko. Futhi pyrolysis ka acetylene etholwe dehydrogenation methane, kanye hydrogen ne-carbon omnyama. Hydrogen, esikhundleni salokho, esetshenziselwa zamagama ammonia. Oluvuthayo amagesi ngokuyinhloko ethane asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ethylene futhi propylene, abese esetshenziswa njengoba eluhlaza impahla ukwenziwa zepulasitiki, zokwenziwa zemicu zokwenziwa rubbers.

fuel esithembisayo ezindaweni eziningi emnothweni kazwelonke kuncibilike i-methane. Ukusetshenziswa amagesi kuncibilike ezimweni eziningi, kunikeza izinzuzo okukhulu kwezomnotho, lapho esiza ukwehlisa zokuthutha materialozatraty nokuxazulula izinkinga gas supply kwezinye izindawo, ungakha izinqolobane of izinto zokusetshenziswa for izidingo embonini zamakhemikhali.