Clara Zetkin: Biography kanye nempilo yakho

Wonke umuntu oye wezwa kuBaba futhi leli holidi ngakho-intandokazi Mashi 8 uyalandisa Wild Clara - Klara Tsetkin wamavukelambuso. Biography ukuphila komuntu lona wesifazane kwadala impikiswano phakathi mlando hhayi kuphela.

Umlando eningiliziwe Clara - umlando ukunyakaza abasebenzi ngamazwe. Clara Zetkin, Biography, Mashi 8, nenguquko yokuziphatha kobulili futhi umfanekiso ngowesifazane ezikhathini zanamuhla - konke lokhu, kuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko.

abanamakhono Klarhen

Lokhu ntombazane wazalelwa, nee Eisner, ingane yesihlanu emkhayeni eziphambili ngo-1857 e-Saxony. Baba, Gottfried, kwaba edolobheni elincane Weeden, ukuyeka umsebenzi njengoba organist e Leipzig. Lapho, umzuzwana, wayengase ukudlala Bach ku isitho uqobo. Kanye nonkosikazi wakhe uJosephine, wasebenza njengomfundisi esikoleni futhi idlalwe umzimba elula abakuwo Lutheran isonto.

Clara kwaba isithombe amahlanu iqhawe medieval kuqala inkathi yeziNguquko esontweni, ku bonfire inquisitorial ashisiwe Yan uGus. Ngezinye intombazane engu ngenhliziyo futhi watshela Shakespeare wafundisa Homer "Iliad."

Clara waphawula Augusta Schmidt, umnikazi wesikole elite zabesifazane Pedagogical e Leipzig. Namuhla singathanda ukuthi Awugustu wamupha umfundaze. Nakuba khulula ukufunda yezifundiswa kulesi sikole kwaba ehlonishwa kakhulu. Uthishanhloko wayeqiniseka Clara kuyoba inkanyezi pedagogy. Kodwa-ke ngeshwa, waba inkanyezi, kodwa Umlaza ezahlukene.

ujabule Clara

igama Clara eshintshile kuphela uthando umyeni wakhe sokuya empini - Osipu Tsetkinu. Nge amathathu Osipov, a emigre isiRashiya, Clara ahlangana naye emhlanganweni imfihlo yalezi ziyingi Social-Democratic. Wazalelwa uthando wayesemletha kumuntu futhi itjhaphuluko isigaba sabasebenzi.

Kodwa ngo-1880, amaphoyisa aseJalimane Kuboshwe Osip. Umusho - aziphume ziphele kuleli zwe. Waya France, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emibili Clara waphonsa umndeni ahlanganyela naye e-Paris.

Kwabe sekuqala inkathi okwakungenziwa ukuphila, olugcwele lomsebenzi wamavukelambuso, sothando nokuzinikela okungantengantengi. Thina babempofu. Ossip noClara wathola izinguqulo, uye moonlighted efundisa German. Nokho, ngisho Clara abakhulelwe akakaze aphuthe emhlanganweni we-Social Democratic Union. Phakathi nale nkathi, wabeletha amadodana amabili, wafunda onobuhlakani wokuvukela umbuso futhi waba ovelele ku isimo kwezombusazwe of Social Democratic Party.

Paris Period yaphela lapho ngo-1889 esuka umgogodla intambo isifo wafa Osip.

Amandla ukuphila amadodana akhe wanika Maxim namathambo. "Angikwazi - alikho!" - kwaba Isiqubulo sakhe ngaleyo minyaka enzima, benze njalo abantwana bakwa wathi Clara Zetkin. Biography kuqinisekisa Isiqubulo. Ngawo lowo nyaka wenza-International Socialist Congress enkulumweni yakhe edume ngesidingo ukulwela amalungelo abesifazane.

Germany kanye Clara Zetkin

Biography wamavukelambuso somlilo, ngenxa yomoya wokushisekela ngelika Wild Clara, uyaqhubeka kwelakubo. Yena uphoqelekile ukuba ubuyele emuva, futhi manje-ke kuyoba isiqubulo esithi "Ngisebenza, umsebenzi, umsebenzi - imini nobusuku." Nanguya umhleli walo magazini "Glyayhayt. Newspaper ukuvikela abasebenzi izithakazelo."

Wayeneminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu, kuze May 1917, izophila uvakashele izimboni, nasemakhaya abampofu, ukubhala izinkulungwane izihloko, ekuhleleni imihlangano sihlanganyela kuyo. Futhi lapho exoxa embuthweni wezabasebenzi kanti futhi umzabalazo wamalungelo, ke blooms futhi iba enhle kakhulu!

kuyangabazeka Union

Wayengumngane engamashumi amane nesithupha, wayengumuntu amabili nesishiyagalombili. She - esivelele Social Democrat, yena - umculi apolitical. Wayemadolonzima, kodwa 1898 isinqumo ngoba amadodana akhe omdala yokutholwa (owayemdala kunami ngeminyaka emine yonke usingababa abasebasha), kanye Clara waba mfazi Georga Fridriha Zündel Nokho, akazange ashintshe nesibongo sakhe.

Umshado ekuqaleni babebonakala yimpumelelo. Bobabili abasakwazi yimpumelelo emsebenzini wabo, bakwazi ukuthenga indlu emaphethelweni edolobha lase-Stuttgart kanye villa elincane Switzerland (ukubuka kusukela amafasitela walithanda ubunyoninco V I. Lenin), futhi ngokushesha aba abanikazi okwakungakaze nezinto zokunethezeka - imoto.

kwamiswa Ngukuqhuma phakathi kokugula isikhathi eside Clara. Kusukela 1900, lo mbono saqala ukwehla, kusukela ngo-1905 - imisebenzi eminingana cataract, okwathi ngemva kwalokho akazange walulama ngempela. Ngo-1914, uFriedrich edelela Clara, nezitha empini, wazicelela ngaphambili.

Nakuba isizathu akukhona kuphela ukuthi wayengazange zithethelelwe umyeni wakhe ukukhashelwa izinkolelo zayo zezombusazwe, nokuthi Kwase kuyisikhathi eside ngilithanda senkosikazi abasha, wathatha ikhefu. Kodwa Wild Clara yokuziphindiselela Georg, simenze isehlukaniso, kodwa lapho eseneminyaka angqongqoze eminyakeni 71.

wamavukelambuso wawuyivelakancane

Cishe Wavala kanye nokusebenza neligwadulekile, ayizange wahlala kude ukunyakaza-mbuso ka-Clara Zetkin. Umlando wakhe igcwele imisebenzi anti-impi, ekutheni kuboshwe ngo-1915 ngamacala lobunhloli nokuceba esimweni. Zacindezelwa abantu ngenxa yokugula Clara Udedelwe ngebheyili lokho akuzange kubavimbe asebenzayo wakhe.

Amazwi ayo anti-impi ephathini kubangele izingxabano, kodwa Clara iyajabula - kuba shí izinto. Kusukela ngo-1920, yena umelwe LamaKhomanisi ku Reichstag. Kusukela ngo-1932, lapho uHitler eqala ukubusa uvinjelwe wonke amaqembu leftist, wenza isinqumo yathuthela eSoviet Union. Lapha uyaya ekamu ihlobo. Kamuva ochungechungeni, incwadi ZHZL Hanna Ilberg "Clara Zetkin. Biography. "

Wayehlala e esibhedlela eduze Arkhangelsk, wafa ngo-1933, wangcwatshwa eduze udonga Kremlin.

"Owesifazane - umuntu owohlobo wesilisa," kusho Clara Zetkin

Biography emfushane kusisondeza eduze isithombe wamavukelambuso olunjengomlilo ozinikele. Kodwa abesifazane uzomangala ukwazi ukuthi namuhla isithombe sowesifazane ibhizinisi, ngokuhlanganisa bomsebenzi kanye kulondolozwe izindinganiso zemikhaya ezihlongozwayo aphikisane Klaroy Tsetkin.

Wayenjengomfazi omunye feminists kuqala futhi udumo ukusungulwa ekugubheni kwalolusuku lwabesifazane. Nakuba Clara inkulumo ngesikhathi Okwesibili lwabesifazane lenkomfa - Abesifazane Socialist Copenhagen ngo-1910 kwaba kancane romantic. Wabiza ukuvotela ukukhethwa ngosuku oluthile lapho abesifazane ziyoletha izimfuno ukuvikela amalungelo abo. Futhi njalo ngokuthula.

Futhi imibono zokukhulula abantu besifazane ngokocansi, ukuthuthukiswa fighters engcono inguquko, bethuthuka futhi anikezwa ilungu nabo futhi izinguquko, Klaroy Tsetkin futhi u- Rosa Luxemburg, kubalulekile ukukhuluma ngokwehlukana.