China: indawo. China: labantu, isimo sezulu, imephu

A elikhulu endaweni lizwe has a evumayo isikhundla womhlaba - China. Itholakala eMpumalanga Asia. impumuzo wayo wehlukile kakhulu. EChina, kukhona izintaba, amagquma, amathafa, ezinkangala, emfuleni izigodi, ezingwadule. Kuyinto ezweni enabantu kakhulu emhlabeni. Kodwa ezindaweni China enkulukazi lingenamuntu. Phela, iningi labantu is bagxila emathafeni.

isikhundla ezindawo

China kumephu emhlabeni kuthatha isikhundla ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Pacific Ocean. endaweni yaso cishe silingana yonke iYurophu. China ihlanganisa indawo yezinye eziyizigidi ezingu-9.6 amakhilomitha square. Ngu ndawo, izwe ukudlula Russia nase-Canada kuphela.

indawo China ibanga amakhilomitha 5200 kusukela empumalanga kuye entshonalanga futhi 5500 amakhilomitha ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu. Iphuzu esisempumalanga yezwe sise confluence le Ussuri kanye lase-Amur Rivers, intshonalanga - e le Pamir Izintaba, le eningizimu - kuhlanganise i-Spratly Islands, enyakatho - eMfuleni Amur kule County Mohe.

China kumephu jikelele ne empumalanga by ezilwandle eziningana ukuthi bayingxenye ePacific Ocean. Ugu yezwe udlulisela for 18,000 km. Olwandle China kudala komngcele emazweni amahlanu: Indonesia, iMalaysia, Japan, Brunei nasePhilippines.

Kusukela eningizimu, enyakatho nasentshonalanga sihamba emngceleni umhlaba. Ubude bayo 22117 km. Ngu ezweni, China has a komngcele Russia, North Korea, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Nepal, Pakistan, Bhutan, India, Laos, eVietnam, Myanmar.

Isikhundla ezindawo ka China ngempela kuhle nentuthuko yezomnotho.

impumuzo

Impumuzo yezwe wehlukile kakhulu. China, ogama geography libanzi, has a landscape wangenela. Siqukethe amazinga amathathu, kuyancipha kusuka entshonalanga kuya empumalanga.

Eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye isimo kukhona Tibetan Plateau kanye zaseHimalaya. Bona buyisigaba inani eliphakeme kunawo wonke landscape emazweni anjenge China. Geography kanye nesimo sendawo ikakhulukazi siqukethe ezinkangala, Amathafa nezintaba ezingaphansi kolwandle. Izinga eliphansi kunawo wonke, ehlanganisa emathafeni, itholakala eduze nogu.

Southwest China

Ingxenye Ukhahlamba ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni itholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwe. Ngaphandle China, zaseHimalaya welule ngaphesheya eNdiya, ePakistan, Nepal, Bhutan. Emngceleni ka isimo ngaphansi okubheka 9 14 aphakeme ezintabeni imbulunga - Everest Chogori, Lhotsze, Makalu, Cho Oyu, Shishapangma, Chogori, iphakama eziningana Gasherbrum afanayo.

Tibet Plateau itholakala enyakatho zaseHimalaya. Kuyinto enkulu kunazo zonke ngobukhulu ithafa eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Lizungezwe izintaba nxazonke. Ngaphezu zaseHimalaya, Tibetan Plateau omakhelwane - Kunlun, Qilian Shan, Karakoram, ezintabeni Sino-Tibetan. Owokugcina kubo kanye eduze Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau kukhona ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo. Yena emhlabeni kwangihlukumeza umfula iYangtze emifuleni, le Salween kanye iMekong.

Ngakho, izimfanelo isikhundla China ezindawo eningizimu-ntshonalanga elinesimo entabeni.

Northwest China

Esikhathini enyakatho-ntshonalanga yezwe eduze Tibetan Plateau kukhona Tarim Basin, Taklimakan Ugwadule futhi Yokuwohloka Turpan. Into wokugcina iyona ejulile eMpumalanga Asia. Ngaphezu kwalokho enyakatho itholakala Junggar plain.

Ngasempumalanga Tarim Basin liqhathanisa nakakhulu isikhundla womhlaba. China kulezi zindawo kushintsha landscape emaqeleni kanye ezingwadule. Nansi indawo ye-Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Itholakala eliphakeme. ingxenye yakhe kakhulu iyihlane futhi Gobi Alashan. I Loess Plateau eyakhelene ke kusukela eningizimu. Le ndawo evundile kakhulu futhi ecebile emahlathini.

Northeast China

Ingxenye esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga yezwe ngempela flat. Azikho okusezingeni eliphezulu izintaba. Kule ngxenye China Sunlyao plain. It uzungezwe izintaba encane - Hinggan Greater futhi Lesser, Changbai.

INyakatho yeChina

Ngo nasenyakatho yeChina igxile main indawo yezolimo. Le ngxenye yezwe liqukethe emathafeni enkulukazi. Basuke bondlekile emifuleni futhi uvundile impela. Lawa ngokucace bha njengoba Lyaohesskaya naseNyakatho China.

Southeastern China

ingxenye eNingizimu-esempumalanga yaleli zwe osuka ugema kuya Qinling Izintaba Huayyanshan. Ukuze inawo futhi isiqhingi Taiwan. I landscape wendawo bahlanganisa ikakhulu ezintabeni, izigodi nese emifuleni.

Wik China

Esikhathini eningizimu kukhona izindawo Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan futhi ingxenye. Iphinde kufaka unyaka ongu-round resort esiqhingini Hainan. Indawo endawo usuke edonsa amagquma nezintaba encane.

Kwesimo sezulu nezenzakalo

Isimo sezulu yezwe akuyona iyunifomu. Lokhu kuthonywa indawo. IChina esishintshashintshayo ezintathu zezulu. Ngakho-ke, isimo sezulu ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zezwe lihlukile.

China Northern nezisentshonalanga basesimweni indawo ye ngokulinganisela sezulu yezwekazi. Amazinga isilinganiso lapha -7 ° C ngo-the nobusika, nakuba zikhona, ke lehla -20 ° C. Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa isezingeni + 22 ° C. Ukuze ebusika kanye autumn libhekene imimoya enamandla kuthiwa lilokhu.

Central IChina zone of the sezulu nakwezifudumele. Ebusika izinga lokushisa komoya ivela 0 kuya -5 ° C. Ehlobo, kugcinwa at + 20 ° C.

Wik-China ne-iziqhingi abe tropical yezimvula sezulu. Kube thermometer amabanga ebusika kusukela +6 kuya ku- + 15 ° C, futhi ehlobo luyanda ngokuba + 25 ° C. Ukuze le ngxenye yezwe libhekene izivunguvungu enamandla. Bona kwenzeke ebusika ekwindla.

kwezulu Lonyaka incipha nge naseningizimu nasempumalanga-entshonalanga nasenyakatho - 2,000 mm kuya ku-50 mm.

labantu

Ngokusho idatha 2014, abantu 1.36 billion ngonyaka isimo. Izwe omkhulu, China iyikhaya 20% izakhamuzi eMhlabeni.

Isimo kuyinto onqenqemeni lwabantu ukufuduka crisis. Ngakho-ke, uhulumeni esindwa okusezingeni eliphezulu lokuzalwa izinga. Umgomo wakhe - enganeni umkhaya ngamunye. Kodwa inqubomgomo yobuzwe olwenziwa kalula. Ngakho, it ovunyelwe ukuba azale ingane yesibili anabambalwa ngokohlanga, nemindeni abahlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya uma ingane yokuqala - uyintombazane noma has kwezinso ngokomzimba.

Ingxenye labantu okuphikisana somgomo wokusetshenziswa kwezilimi eziningi. Ikakhulukazi engajabule emaphandleni. Phela, kukhona funa ephakeme ukuzalwa inqwaba kwabafana abasebenzayo esizayo.

Kodwa afakwa kwenani labantu bayoqhubeka bekhula, naphezu kwale mizamo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi e-2030 China bayophila abantu yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane nengxenye.

inhlanganiso sabantu

Labantu isakazwa Ukuboshelwa ezweni lonke. Lokhu kungenxa izimo ezahlukene kwendawo. Isilinganiso ukwanda kwabantu abantu 138 square kilometre. Lesi sibalo ibonakala eyamukelekayo ngempela. Akenzi ukukhuluma ngemiphumela engase ibangelwe ukwanda. Phela, isibalo esifanayo kuyinto ejwayelekile kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.

Kodwa isilinganiso akubonisi isimo sangempela. Ezweni kukhona izindawo lapho cishe akekho ophila nasekuphileni kwabantu 21.000 square kilometre e-Macau.

Isigamu yezwe cishe lingenamuntu. abantu Chinese bahlala imifula, amathafa evundile. Futhi ezinkangala Tibet, ogwadule Gobi futhi Taklamakan cishe akukho zokuhlala.

isakhiwo National sabantu futhi ulimi

Izwe iyikhaya bezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Iningi labantu uyazicabangela ngokwayo Hans. Kodwa ngaphezu kwabo, 55 umehluko China yobuhlanga. Izizwe ngobukhulu - Zhuang, isiManchu, Tibetan, eminingi okungenani - engaphelele.

Zezigodi ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zezwe futhi ehlukile. Umehluko phakathi kwabo omkhulu kangangokuthi isakhamuzi eningizimu yeChina akaqondi North. Kodwa ezweni kukhona ulimi putunha kazwelonke. izakhamizi Chinese, ezihambayo kuye ngezifunda, zinesibopho ingeyakho, ukuze sigweme izinkinga zokuxhumana.

Kuyinto evamile nokuba kuleli zwe Mandarin noma Beijing lwesigodi. Kungaba kubhekwe esikhundleni putunhe. Ngemva Mandarin ungumnikazi 70% wesibalo sabantu.

Inkolo nezinkolelo labantu

Kusukela phakathi XX leminyaka eChina esimweni lamakhomanisi, ayizange yemukele ukulandela izinkolelo zabo zenkolo nezinkolelo. Atheism kwaba imibono esemthethweni.

Kodwa kusukela ngo-1982 kwaba noshintsho kule ndaba. Umthethosisekelo lalotshwa ilungelo labamangalelwa lokukhulekela. Izinkolo ezivamile nazi ubuConfucius, Buddhist ubuTao. Kodwa ethandwa njengoba ubuKristu, ubuSulumane, ubuJuda.

Imizi ngobukhulu

EChina, eziningi emadolobheni amakhulu. Inani labantu base-kuleli zwe is hhayi abantu abahlala emadolobheni. Kodwa lapho kuqala ukwakhiwa komuzi, likhula usayizi muzi omkhulu, okuletha ndawonye inqwaba ukuhlala, ezamabhizinisi, kwezohwebo, izimboni kanye ezindaweni zokulima. Ngokwesibonelo, Chongqing. Kuyinto omele elikhulu le mizi. Ngokusho 2014 bakhona abantu abayizigidi 29. endaweni yaso bucishe bulingane endaweni Austria futhi 82400 amakhilomitha square.

Okunye emadolobheni amakhulu kukhona Shanghai, Tianjin, Harbin, Guangzhou, yebo, Beijing, inhloko-dolobha yaseChina.

Peking

AmaShayina shayela Beijing Beytszin. Lokhu uhumusha enhlokodolobha enyakatho. umklamo Urban izici geometry elula. Streets ngamakhasimende izingxenye zomhlaba.

Beijing - dolobha yase-China futhi elinye lamadolobha ezithakazelisayo kakhulu kuleli zwe. Inhliziyo yakhe Tiananmen Square. Ehunyushiwe kusho "Isango Sokuthula waseZulwini." Lesi sakhiwo esikhulu ku isikwele - the Mausoleum ka Mao Zedong.

Kuvele eyingqopha ebalulekile Forbidden City. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-National Palace. Kuyinto enhle lasendulo zesigodlo.

Ayikho ezithakazelisayo kancane kanye Summer Palace Yuanminyuan. Lokhu engadini-esigodlweni izakhiwo. Basuke Akumangalisi kuhlanganiswe emifuleni ezincanyana amabhuloho ngomusa, izimpophoma, izakhiwo zokuhlala. Isibhakabhaka kuyinto ngokuvumelana emangalisayo futhi nomuzwa ubunye phakathi komuntu nemvelo.

Enhloko-dolobha, kukhona amathempeli amaningi zezinhlangano zenkolo ezifana Buddhism, ubuConfucian, ubuTao. Omunye wabo ezithakazelisa kakhulu. Lena Temple Wezulu Tian Tan. He is kwesakhiwo senkolo umumo isiyingi. It has a odongeni esiyingqayizivele. Uma asho ngayo, ngisho hleba ezithule, kuyoba zasakazekela kulo lonke ubude bayo.

Okunye okuphawulekayo yilokho ethempelini okuphakade Tranquility Lama. It isakhiwo zenkolo Lamaist. Kukhona esifanekisweni zikaBuddha, ezibaziweyo kusukela ipotimende elilodwa sandalwood. Ubude bayo 23 amamitha.

E Beijing, usebenza eziningi iminyuziyamu. Ikakhulukazi lubonakale National Art Gallery. Iyisonto iqoqo elikhulu Umdwebo Chinese. Ayikho ezithakazelisayo kancane Museum of History National, ezingase zibangelwe yonke indlela ukuba ukuthuthukiswa China.

Ukuganukeja iyona Wangfujing Street. Lena indawo ozithandayo sokuhamba phakathi kokubili izivakashi kanye bendawo. indaba Street waqala eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-700 edlule. Yena manje eyakhiwa kabusha. Umgwaqo Itholakala yezitolo. It ngokuvumelanayo ihlanganisa isiko zasendulo nezanamuhla.

Eduze Beijing Great Wall iqala. Ngalo, iningi labantu futhi izwe elihambisana. Lesi sakhiwo grand. Ibanga 67.000 km. Ukwakhiwa odongeni eyathatha iminyaka engaphezu kuka-2,000.