Cathedral St Andrew, Petersburg: incazelo, umlando, izici futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Omunye amasonto endala ezweni lethu - Cathedral of St Andrew, kanye Cathedral St Andrew. Petersburg lihlotshiswe zethempeli lasendulo, engesiyo kuphela ongowenani elikhulu yezakhiwo, kodwa futhi ohlonishwa kakhulu endaweni engcwele ebandla, umlando lapho iphindela uPetru I.

Umqondo ukwakhiwa lombhishobhi

Kuze ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, eSt Petersburg laliyisikhungo nezokuphatha Rabbit Island, kodwa 20s, uPetru ngangiphatha kuye ku Vasilevsky kuhlelwe futhi lapha ukwakhiwa lombhishobhi behlonipha Andreya Pervozvannogo. Peter mina wambheka njengomngane abavikela abo, babona ikusasa phambi ethempelini Amakolishi Nambili. Yabuza nokuthi ukwakha iphrojekthi emikhulu, owawuthi zethempeli Belifana uhlaka esikhulu sokukhulekela ongumRoma ngenxa St kaPetru futhi kwaba okungenani 130 budze. Uhlelo Lokufaka Lwe-Swedish Tessin ukude, ngaphandle kokuvakashela Russia, wenza umdwebo esontweni esizayo, kanye on-site mbumbulu-up sidalwe imidwebo yakhe. Nokho, ukufa komuntu umbusi 1725 okwesikhashana ukuqaliswa kwe-project, singavumeli kuye ukubona ukuphila ngaleso Cathedral St Andrew.

Petersburg, emelelwa izakhamuzi zalo wacela kokwakhiwa kwethempeli, kanye nebandla, ngisho izikhathi ezimbalwa abahamba kusho. Kodwa itshe lokuqala sabekwa kuphela ngo-1732. Kamuva, eyavela Cathedral ajwayeleke Andrew Petersburg.

History of the isakhiwo

Ngemva kaPetru ukufa khona lapho ayefuna, ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo u-Grand Avenue nemigqa 6th e 1728 labelwa for esakhiweni.

Ibandla sokhuni, eyakhelwe mhlawumbe elaklanywa Trezzini, sanikezelwa Andreyu Pervozvannomu ngo-1732. Anna Ioannovna esontweni wanikela imali ngcono, futhi kusukela agugile isonto e Posadskaya isiphetho yayiswa entsha iconostasis. Ithempeli lalisendaweni okumele asetshenziswe kuhlanganise emikhosini Knights of Order of St Andrew.

Naphezu asebukhosini yokugcwala futhi ukubhaliswa ubumpofu ethempelini ohlonishwayo, waya enkonzweni lapha kanye izibalo abaningi ababevelele kwesikhathi, njenge Lomonosov futhi Trediakovskii Bafunga ethempelini uprofesa Academy of Sciences.

Ukubeka isonto itshe lokuqala

I-parish yaba nethonya elikhulu empilweni zenkolo yenhloko-dolobha, kodwa akazange abe ezifanele ijamo, ubungako, ngisho bafudumale. Ngo 1740 eduze ubudala ebandla aqala ukwakhiwa ekahle itshe isonto. Ngo 1745, yayakhiwe esikhathini esifanayo wathola isimo lombhishobhi. Le phrojekthi for isonto elisha wakhuphuka nayo yonke okufanayo Trezzini okukhulu, kanye iconostasis nezinye imihlobiso zidluliselwa esontweni endlini, Prince Menshikov.

Ngo 1761, ezibaliwe uma kuduma izulu, lishiswe i ezindala zamapulangwe isakhiwo. Izikhonzi ngokulambisa ephethwe ukulondoloza iconostasis, futhi ngemva kweminyaka engu-3 endaweni yayo ngomyalo u-Elizabeth eqala ukwakha lombhishobhi entsha. Nokho, manje Vasilevsky Island, wathola ezakheke yokugcina kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-18.

Le phrojekthi ezintsha wayezelwe umakhi A. Vista. Laqala ukwakhiwa ngo-1746, futhi eminyakeni nje ngemva 15 Cathedral St Andrew laqedwa Petersburg. Ukwakhiwa lwalulude futhi kunzima, ke bahlushwa ukwehluleka, ngo-1766 Dome ziwile, ngemva kwalokho umakhi waboshwa futhi uphenyo ngezimo sigameko isikhathi eside. Kodwa ngo-March 21, 1780 entsha isonto lokuzehlukanisela, futhi waqala ukuba amalungu esonto.

Cathedral St Andrew Petersburg ngekhulu le-19

Ngomyalo wabaholi uMbusi uPawulu mina, lombhishobhi laba isikhungo senkolo sama-Knights of Order Andreya Pervozvannogo futhi ehlotshiswe a esiqoshiwe sase-ngesithombe sale oda.

Esikhathini esizayo, lombhishobhi baqhubeka ukuhlobisa nokwakhiwa ephelele. Kodwa ngo-1880, indlu, isakhiwa, yakhiwa futhi iminyaka 4 ngaphambi ukuthi - umbhoshongo insimbi. Wayengumngane 10 izinsimbi. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke, ngeSonto, kuhlaziywe 285 amakhilogremu futhi ngokuqondile inkatho ukuze Samgin isitshalo eMoscow.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi kokuphela kwekhulu ithempeli enamathiselwe Izindlwana kanye Dome ngegolide leaf on the abathengisi iminikelo. Izinguquko ezenziwe futhi ingaphakathi lombhishobhi - obengeziwe futhi zohlelo stucco imidwebo. Ithempeli esungulwe Ukushisa, enwetshiwe kabusha i-altare futhi iconostasis anda.

Esikhathini yesibili uhhafu we-19 leminyaka eziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphezu main umsebenzi esasingahlala umpheme asiza abampofu.

Ekhulwini lama-20 emlandweni St Andrew Cathedral

Ekhulwini lama-20 ukuze ezihlukahlukene zenkolo izikhumbuzo okungukuthi ekhulwini ka esibhubhisayo. I Icebo lika we amaBolshevik futhi 1917 Have engozini ukuphepha eziningi Russian amasonto, futhi amasonto. Cathedral St Andrew lucky embalwa ngobuningi, sasingawohloki, izikhonzi zakhe wakwazi ukulondoloza eyingxenye yezimpahla kanye namagugu ukuphanga abomvu.

Ziningi izinto ezibalulekile, ezifana izitsha izinsimbi eziyigugu, Gospel lasendulo, amaholo imifanekiso kusukela izambatho esiliva 7 amakhilogremu of amatshe ayigugu, wenza ngo-1861 yi-ngamagugu abadumile Verkhovtseva, nokuningi zishaqwe yi amaBolshevik.

Ukuqalisa iphrojekthi ukwakhiwa boulevards kudilizwe yesonto futhi kocingo eyinkimbinkimbi. Insimbi enkulu isuswe futhi yancibilika phansi engu-10 emva kwempi, kodwa ekuphileni okungokwenkolo kwabantu e Cathedral abayekanga, kwathatha iqembu okuthiwa renovators abangamhloniphi uNkulunkulu futhi eholwa Archpriest Platonov. Ngo kwethempeli kwakuyizingalo isevisi, abasekeli amabutho abuyiselwe ingxenye iconostasis, kodwa ngo-1938, abefundisi amalungu kunazo asebenzayo baboshwa babulawa noma izigwebo ezinde. Ngokushesha, lombhishobhi yasala dengwane futhi kamuva lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi agcine, okuyinto iconostasis bathunga nge-plywood leziziphambano isusiwe. Eqinisweni, isakhiwo okwamiswa ngalo ukuba aziwayo njengoba St Andrew Cathedral.

Petersburg, bese Leningrad, wahlupheka ngethuka kwaphela nasozwanini ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe kanye nokuvinjelwa. Futhi waba nendima emlandweni ethempelini. Kufakiwe esakhiweni ukuzivikela emoyeni Sasiklanyelwe ukubonakalisa emoyeni lesitha, okuyindawo zonakala ophahleni kanye olungaphambili lwesonto, njengoba amabhomu izinyembezi akhishwe wonke amafasitela. Futhi ngomonakalo owenzeke iconostasis futhi ingaphakathi. Kodwa leli thempeli yayisamile, wagcina ezinye layo eliyingqayizivele ukubukeka.

Ngemva kwempi, Cathedral of St Andrew Petersburg, lidlule yizinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zikahulumeni. Kwakumelwe eminyakeni ezahlukene ephethwe Navy, Academy of Sciences futhi Institute of Ethnography. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwathiwa alungisa futhi avuselela, kodwa ukubaluleka zamasiko nezomlando akuyona ikakhulukazi ukunakekelwa, ngakho nje Paint ngesineke phezu umdwebo eyingqayizivele Dome.

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-80-yalolucwaningo Metropolitan Alexy, kamuva owaba Umbhishobhi omkhulu Zonke Russia, Useqale umsebenzi Ukubuyela lombhishobhi iSonto igama elihle. Wabe sinqatshiwe ngenxa yokuthi ukwakha iqoqo Museum anthropological elalikuyo, okuyinto beyingasanandawo ukuhambisa. Naphezu kwalokhu, u-Alex wanikeza isonto adingekayo isonto izinto, futhi ngo-1989 wokuqala e eziningi amashumi eminyaka umthandazo inkonzo owawuse lapha.

Cathedral Andreya Pervozvannogo

Petersburg - esenyakatho inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia - okungukuthi uyaziqhenya yalo yayenziwe ifa. Omunye ahlukile kuyinto Cathedral Andreya Pervozvannogo. Sizoqhubeka indaba nomlando wayo.

Ngo-1990, ingxenye lombhishobhi, kufaka phakathi i-altare, kwaba nokho idluliselwe epherishi. Five eminyakeni ethile kamuva abelwe ekamelweni elilodwa weKhabhinethi wangomhla zingama-Curiosities. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwezwakala isevisi futhi agcinwe isidumbu idluliselwe isayensi. Lapho Museum okungukuthi ngokuphelele waletha wakhe isisekelo, isonto esikhundleni abalekele kulowo mkhandlu futhi yenza ezinkulu ukulungiswa ophahleni.

Ngo-1998, lesi sakhiwo ukuphila kwakuyisipho abalulekile umcimbi - the 300th weminyaka le-Order of St Andrew, lokhu eliphakeme Umklomelo lisungulwe kabusha nga-nguMongameli omunye walo wokuqala Cavaliers baba Alexiy II, ukubuya wawubona ekuqaleni Cathedral of St Andrew Church.

Kowezi-2000, yaqala nokubuyiselwa yesonto futhi isonto uthango lupheleliswe ukubuyiselwa besonto kanye izindlela labelwe nguhulumende. Kamuva wathuthela bathutheleka esontweni elikhulu kanye izinsalela St Andrew.

Inani Architectural

Cathedral of St Andrew kuyinto lesikhumbuzo eliyingqayizivele lokwakha, aklanywe isitayela exutshwe izici classicism futhi baraque, okuyinto sici we eyinkimbinkimbi ezithile futhi plasticity amafomu. Itempeli domes emihlanu - eyodwa eyinhloko futhi cupolas ezincane ezine, elihlanganiswa indlwana eyodwa storey Refectory.

Lesi sakhiwo ngokwayo okungukuthi kakhulu nenhle, esizwa okusezingeni eliphezulu Dome kanye side yesonto. Umphelelisi ukubukeka turret emhlabeni Dome, ubude amafasitela ongaphambili omise ukuma pilasters phezu olungaphambili lwesonto. Sekuyisikhathi eside leli thempeli imitha-45 kube eziphakeme evelele Vasilyevsky isiqhingi, namuhla ke Kuthi uthulisiwe multi-storey izakhiwo. Futhi lombhishobhi obugagu unika okhanyayo olungaphambili lwesonto pink.

iqoqo imifanekiso

Ukuziqhenya main futhi isimangaliso esingavamile ka Cathedral St Andrew sika zayo ezintathu tiered-imitha 17 oqoshiwe iconostasis eyayibhalwe. Yena ngokuyisimangaliso ngasinda kusukela esikhathini ukwakhiwa, ukuba inguqula-mbuso, impi, lokuvimbezela, ukubhujiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa yesonto nezinye izinjongo.

I iconostasis kugcinwa zezimpawu zidluliselwe kusukela izindlu Menshikov phakathi kokwakhiwa kwethempeli. Ngokwesibonelo, kwakungabafundi izithombe wasindisa ka Nikolaya Chudotvortsa futhi Aleksandra Nevskogo. Kodwa iningi eyigugu isithonjana - Andreya Pervozvannogo nge izinsalela saint. Sekukonke, ithempeli 44 imifanekiso.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo Cathedral St Andrew (Saint Petersburg)

Cathedral walithanda ukuvakashela umndeni wasebukhosini, kwakukhona ngisho nendawo ekhethekile umbusi.

Ngokusho yetinsita ngezikhathi lapho lombhishobhi kwaba ngisho isonto sokhuni, lapho kwaba emathuneni encane nge amathuna Prince Dolgoruky futhi Princess Dolgoruky, umakoti kaPetru II.

Ukuze umhlobiso kanye ngcono isakhiwo esisha sethempeli wathatha imali hhayi kuphela endaweni yomcebo neminikelo waya okufanayo futhi nenhlawulo onikezwe oda ezihlukahlukene Knights of the Order bengekho imikhosi ngezimali.

Omunye abakuzuzile isonto - 115-ganda ibhatshi esiliva, kanye lasendulo Gospel e-silver uzimele. Lamagugu ziye babaphuca amaBolshevik emva kwempi, kodwa nge ezinhle eshisiwe wabuyela sesonto.

Petersburg othambekele uyaziqhenya ke njengoba lokholo nokuzinikela, futhi umhlatshelo zabantu abaye ukulondoloza ethempelini ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezaziyolandela.