Breed amadada mulard: izibuyekezo, izithombe, kanye nezincomo ukutshala

Muva nje, abalimi Russian futhi abanikazi iziza yangasese ngubani ukuzalela izinkukhu ibhizinisi, sekuthandwa kakhulu duck zohlobo mulard. Amazwana ngalokhu hybrid khona kakhulu kuphela. Futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inzalo akakwazi ukunikeza.

Ducks mulard ziyingxube zinhlobo ezimbili ezivamile - musky kanye Beijing. Bird ayitheli kakhulu futhi kulula kakhulu ukuhlanza. Kodwa-ke, ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe ezithile kufanele zizalela yayo. Isihloko esilandelayo sizosingatha le nokuthi kuyinto mulard duck (ngezibuyekezo nezithombe, incazelo) kanye nendlela efanele azinakekele.

Izinzuzo zohlobo

amadada Muscovy bayazazisa abalimi ngokuyinhloko ukuhlanzeka nokuhleleka onesimo ngandlela-thile. Inyama kusuka izinyoni zalolu hlobo lokudla okumnandi kakhulu futhi mafutha. Nokho, musk amadada , kukhona eyodwa ethile kunalokho sina: basuke kancane ikhula ngesisindo. Beijing zohlobo Kuyaziwa kubo bonke abanikazi emakhaya. Kuyinto lokhu duck yakhulela Ezimweni eziningi, emadolobheni amancane suburban. Inzuzo enkulu lokhu zohlobo kushesha isisindo somzimba. Nokho, ngaphandle kokukhetha, abalimi bakholwe duck Peking kuyinto abonakele kakhulu futhi ngokweqile ahlotshiswe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyama kusukela kubo njengokomumo abanikazi okukhethekile kakhulu Luhlala ezindlini, amafutha amaningi.

Ducks mulard ihlanganisa zonke izici ezinhle izinhlobo sabazali futhi kuba ngokuphelele noyedwa kahle. Ngokusho abanikazi abaningi emakhaya, uma unakekelwa kahle le nyoni ikhula ngesisindo ngokushesha ngisho yokuvuthwa pekinok. Ukunemba - lena futhi yini ebonakala duck mulard. Izibuyekezo kule abalimi yenkukhu kuhlanganise ezinhle ngoba kuba ngokuphelele ngeke ezinomsindo. Yonke enye into, kusukela mulard futhi inyama emnandi ngokungavamile - ephansi fat kanye namanzi.

incazelo emfushane

Ngokubukeka mulard efanayo kokubili ngesikhathi Peking amakewu musk. Kodwa isisindo banayo okungaphezu kwalokho zohlobo ngalunye oluphilayo zakwazi sabazali. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, izici isici mulard zihlanganisa:

• side umzimba omkhulu;
• imilenze ophuzi:
• nentamo ende.

Umbala kule hybrid kungaba kokubili amnyama nokukhanya. Kodwa kaningi mulard babe izimpaphe mhlophe futhi ehlukile abamnyama "cap" ekhanda.

ukuziphatha Izici

Ngokusho wonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, abalimi, hybrid kuyinto awahluphi ngokuphelele. Nakuba amadada mulard (izibuyekezo wabanikazi amapulazi yasendlini asivumela ukuba abahlulele njengoba ingenye kwezinhlobo abanokuthula kunabo bonke) ingandiza kancane, bona ukunciphisa amaphiko, like musk, akudingekile. Isisindo le nyoni enkulu. Futhi ngakho kuba ngokusebenzisa kocingo ukundiza noma kunjalo ngeke bakwazi.

Mulard ngokuvamile aqukethe indlela phansi. Emikhayeni yangasese ebusika lezi amadada ushiye. Nzalo kuzala abakwazi uwagcine okufanayo fattening izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezintathu okungalungile.

Kanjani inzuzo sikhule

Ducks ukuzalela mulard wathola Izibuyekezo ezinhle, lizalele kubo ngokuqinisekile obungenza balimi eziningi kanye nabalimi. Nokho, kukhona amaphuphu enjalo, ngeshwa, ngempela eqolo. Ukuthenga kubo izinto eziningi ezinkulu, abakwazi bonke abalimi. Kodwa uma ufuna ukuphuma kulesi simo zingatholakala indlela bekulula phandle.

Abalimi abaningi abafisa sikhule mulard, ukuqala nje ukuthola ambalwa must drakes futhi umbhangqwana kweshumi Peking amadada. Ngu ukweqa la madwala ekhaya, ungakwazi kalula uthole yabo eliphezulu mulard. Into kuphela okudingeka anakekele uma lokhu hybrid isibonisi ekhaya, ngakho-ke mayelana egcekeni kwakungelona musk amadada. Kungenjalo drakes zalolu hlobo ku pekinok uyomane asinakekele.

Isisindo duck mulard, okuyinto libuyekeza kule kuyisu elihle kakhulu, ukuthola ngokuphazima kweso. Futhi ukudla, njengoba abanikazi abaningi emakhaya, bachitha ngempela enomqondo - ku ukukhula inyama, kunokuba amafutha. Lapho sengineminyaka engu-izinyanga 2-2.5. uma unakekelwa kahle lezi zinyoni bathola kuze kube 3.5-3.6 kg. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngokuvamile ukukhiqiza ekuhlatshweni yabo. Omude kunayo yonke owake lezi amadada, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye, ukugcina okungalungile. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukuthi ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu, ngesilinganiso kwesisindo kule inyoni kwezomnotho kubambezela, lapho uqala okuningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngalesi sikhathi duck kwenzeka molt engamahlongandlebe. Uma inyoni lokushaya emva le nqubo, isidumbu saso uyoba eziningi iziphunzi, wabangela ukuba ulahlekelwe kwekhono yayo.

Ducks mulard: Abalimi Izibuyekezo

Yiqiniso, umbono zalolu hlobo, ngoba okuqukethwe kulula kakhulu, futhi umkhiqizo kunamanye izinhlobonhlobo eziningi, yenkukhu abalimi baye kwadingeka ezinhle kakhulu. Izindleko yokuzalanisa mulard asule ngokushesha okukhulu. Abalimi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi le nyoni, ngaphezu undemanding futhi ukukhiqiza, unesinye inzuzo ebaluleke. Ngoba inyama okumnandi wakhe, kuba lula kakhulu ukuwenza asebenze. Izidumbu amadada azalela uzimisele ukuthenga sandla njengetakhamuti abavamile, kanye amathilomu noma zokudlela.

Indlela ukuhlomisa indlu yenkukhu

Ithuba amadada azalela ukukhanya ofanele kuphela futhi yomile. Esikhathini elachitheka udinga ukuhlela amawindi ngaphezulu. On ezintathu weft kumele okungenani ibe 1 m ² yesikhala samahhala. Phansi endlini wazibonela abalimi belulekwa ukuba uvale ngempela ungqimba obukhulu utshani zokulala. esibayeni Warm uphinde uhlele ukuba umoya kuphela lapho unyaka wonke zizalela amadada inqwaba. Kunoma ikuphi, izinga lokushisa endlini Akumelwe ngezansi 16-18 ° C, futhi umswakama - 60%.

Yiqiniso, esibayeni kumele kube ukubeka Element-wokuxovela. ukugeza Daily - liphinde yaloko lokudzingekako nzalo ezifana mulard. Ukutshala (izibuyekezo zalezi amadada, njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, kuhlanganise ezinhle futhi ngenxa undemanding yabo) lokhu zohlobo kungenzeka futhi ukungabi khona endaweni yemvelo kwesigubhu. Odinga ukukwenza ukuze mulard uzizwa ukhululekile ngoba lihlelwe ebanga isitsha esikhulu wawugcwalisa ngamanzi. Lokhu duck kwakwanele. Empeleni, i-Paddock ukuhlomisa ngqo eduze nendlu yenkukhu isetshenziswa njengoba uthango anezikhala-inetha.

Izici yokudla

Ngakho-ke, umnotho wathenga duck mulard. Ukuphakelwa (amazwana ngalezi nzalo zinhle kuhlanganise ngenxa yokuthi lowo they cha are abahahayo kakhulu) abasha - is Yiqiniso, umbuzo wokuqala owabuzwa abalimi. Impendulo yalo ilula. Ngo amapulazi amakhulu bese izinkukhu amapulazi okokuqala ukunikeza amadada ukuziqalela feed ekhethekile. Abanikazi emakhaya ukondla ingane yakho kaningi ngaphezu nje ushizi neqanda. Futhi amaphuphu ukunikeza iphalishi amabele nelayisi. yenkukhu abalimi labo wazibonela belulekwa ukuba aphonse kwesokudla amadada. Ngakho, amaphuphu kalula ufunde ukudla bebodwa. Iqiniso liwukuthi ezihambayo ukudla duck beqonda ngcono kakhulu.

A amaphuphu wezinsuku ezintathu kungaba kakade uqale ukunikeza oluhlaza. Kamuva (emva-10 izinsuku) Ukudla iqondiswa ebantwaneni abilisiwe amazambane. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile kwimenyu zihlanganisa imifino kanye impande izitshalo. A ukudla iyasiza amadada kubhekwa beet zohlobo. Nokho, ukuba alinike inyoni kufanele kube ngokucophelela. Iqiniso lokuthi impande emathunjini okuxekethile. Izaqathi kungenziwa bondliwa e esiningi. Bobabili fresh futhi abilisiwe.

Qiniseka le amadada Ukudla kufanele kufake okune isilwane nemifino amaprotheni. Mash kusuka imifino impande kanye namakhambi kufanele wanezela ukubhekana noshizi. Futhi ekudleni weft mulard kufanele babekhona amaminerali kanye mzimba. Ngaphandle inyoni meshanok kumele zithole okusanhlamvu steamed (kakolweni corn) noma incumbe abilisiwe. Ukuze ugcine kancane ku okuphakelayo, amadada e uhlamvu kungaba bran okuxubile. Kakhulu okufakiwe ewusizo ezikhathalela lezi zinyoni ezibhekwa nemvubelo lombhaki. Kufanele eyayizonikezwa 1 g ikhanda ngalinye nsuku zonke.

Abaphuzayo e amadada kufanele igcwale njalo. Okokuqala, le nyoni eziningi ukuphuza, futhi okwesibili, ngemuva kokudla ke hashaza saziso stuffy ekhaleni ukudla.

Izincomo for bayashintshana ekufukameleni

Ngakho, ngo-ukondla mulard kuqhathaniswa undemanding. Ngokuzalanisa ekhaya (ukubuyekezwa ezinhle mayelana zohlobo futhi ngenxa cishe sasiyikhulu namashumi amaphesenti sokusinda izilwane ezisencane) - liphinde akunzima kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi zohlobo amadada nje kudingeka ukuwela Peking duck drake nge musk. Iningi labalimi abanikazi ezindaweni suburban cabanga ukuthi, uma uthanda, zingenziwa futhi okuphambene nalokho. Nokho, lapho sawela Peking drakes kanye amadada must nzalo ukuthi kukhona ezingatheli. Kumele kukhunjulwe.

Uma amadada mulard kufanele ukuzalela izinombolo ezinkulu, amaqanda, yebo, kungcono ukuba buyela ngaphansi izikhukhukazi, futhi efukamela. Thola intsha zalolu hlobo ngemishini ngaphansi amandla ngisho imfundamakhwela umlimi. Efukamela amaphuphu yalesi hybrid, ngokuvumelana abanikazi abaningi emapulazini kaZuma, lula kunalokho, isibonelo, iphuphu efanayo. hatchability Good - lena futhi yini ebonakala duck mulard. Izithombe (izibuyekezo ngalokhu hybrid kuyamangalisa ngenxa amaphuphu alo zihlukile, unobungqabavu nempilo) achanyuselwa amaphuphu kule incubator lapha ngenzansi. Njengoba ubona, le nqubo ngokuvamile kwenzeka kahle impela. Kodwa amaphesenti ayikhulu hatchability incubator ukubala, yebo, namanje hhayi zinkulu. Uma ikhulu, wabeka amaqanda achamusela amadada 60 enempilo - lena yi kwakukuhle kakhulu.

abalimi abanolwazi zikholelwa ukuthi inkathi evumayo kakhulu amaphuphu mulard kuyinto April - June. Nokho, ofanele kakhulu yobudala Muscovy drakes futhi pekinok - izinyanga 7-10. Amaqanda for bayashintshana ekufukameleni ingalandwa kungakapheli isonto elilodwa. Uwugcine endaweni epholile. Empeleni, wona kanye bayashintshana ekufukameleni wenziwa imodi evamile amaqanda nedada.

Indlela anakekela ngayo amatshwele achanyuselwa

Ngokuzalanisa mulard, okuyinto Izibuyekezo zinhle kakhulu, siyophumelela, yebo, kuphela ngaphansi isimo ukugcinwa ukunakekelwa kobuchwepheshe amaphuphu azo. Ngemva ukuchamisela, le amadada ngokuvamile kwesokunxele in the incubator kuze desiccation. Babe idluliselwe ibhokisi. Kusukela dampness amaphuphu amancane contraindicated, okuphakathi preliminarily ukuhlomisa nehele phansi.

Ukuze eziningi amadada esikhundleni ibhokisi kungcono ukusebenzisa brooder. Uhlaka le divayisi uhlanganiswe kusuka ibha futhi asezindongeni wenza kusuka plywood futhi polycarbonate. Ngaphakathi kuba isiqiniseko ukubeka isibani ekhethekile ukuze heats brooder. Kungenzeka ukuthola, isibonelo, a esitolo pet. Ulenga isibani kufanele kube ukuze amadada kungukuthi ashisiwe, ngaphakathi brooder kungaba okungenani eyodwa indawo ukubopha.

Ukushisisa ebhokisini uhlele okufanayo. Kuphela kuleli cala, esiku esikhipha isibani. Yiqiniso, ebhokisini noma brooder kufanele ibekwe esebenza ngogesi kanye waterers.

Izincomo mayelana nokunakekela izingane zabo

Amaviki amathathu ngemva ukuchamisela mulardikov zingaphendulwa zibe yizindawo yokuhlanganela engotsheni. Fattening izinkukhu inyama avame enilondolozwa phansi. Ekuseni ededelwa phezu Paddock futhi kusihlwa basuke ngemoto emuva esibayeni. Ducks mulard, ukubuyekezwa zazo zinhle kakhulu kuhlanganise ngenxa mazombezombe zabo, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye Waterfowl, kuba kakhulu othanda ukubhukuda. Ukuvumela ukuba ukubhukuda futhi zingena kule elisungulwe ebanga amathangi Nokho, ababili kuphela izelwe - lapho kukhona ngokugcwele opera.

Kuyinto efiselekayo ukondla amadada, izikhathi 3 ngosuku - ekuseni, ntambama nakusihlwa. Kwakubulawa izinkukhu izinyanga 2.5-3.

Fattening ku foie Gras

Sibukeze ulwazi oluyisisekelo ngalezi zinyoni, efana amadada mulard (ezikhulayo ekhaya, ukubuyekezwa). Umbono ngalokhu hybrid muhle hhayi kuphela ngoba inyama emnandi. Kakhulu baziswa gourmets kanye isibindi le nyoni. Kusukela kulo zokudlela ukulungiselela isidlo esikhethekile ngokuthi foie Gras. Kuyinto ethandwa kakhulu e-France. Kodwa eRussia, le isidlo nayo zenani futhi zithandwa kakhulu. amadada fattening mulard ukuthola eliphezulu isibindi kuveza ubuchwepheshe ekhethekile.

Emavikini okuqala amathathu ka-ukuphila, ukunakekela amaphuphu ngendlela wesiko. Khona-ke le nyoni ibizwa esitokisini, ubukhulu lapho kumele abe ngendlela yekutsi akunjalo Ungahambisa eziningi. Fed le ekhule izilwane ezisencane, wanda ngezinga kwesibindi, ukudla equkethe inqwaba kakhulu amaprotheni isitashi. Faka ekudleni kanye amaminerali kanye mzimba ekhethekile.

Kusukela 8-10 usuku th zokuphila uqale ukondla amadada ngenkani baphokophelele ukudla phansi emphinjeni wakhe nge isikulufa ekhethekile ne tube. Mulard ngosuku, okuyinto wanda ngezinga buchwepheshe, kumele zithole okungenani 1.8 kg okusanhlamvu. yokudla Ephoqelekile ihlala ngokuvamile izinsuku 12-21. Lapho okuqukethwe okunjalo e izinyoni isibindi sikhule izikhathi 10 ezinkulu kubukhulu evamile. Nokho, akaphelelwa ukunambitheka kwako ahlukile.

Ngakho, amadada ukuzalela mulard, izibuyekezo akhayo kuhlanganise ngoba livers zabo - wenkukhu zizalela empeleni lalihamba kahle kakhulu. Yiqiniso, okuqukethwe ubuchwepheshe echazwe ngenhla - kunemidanti kubenzima futhi ingathatha isikhathi esiningi. Nokho, naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo e lendlela kunjalo ngokuvamile umvuzo handsomely. Isibindi mulard uhleli zokudla ezibizayo, futhi kubiza eqolo.

isifo

Mpilonhle - ke ubuye into libhekene yasekhaya duck mulard. Izibuyekezo ngalokhu ezinhle zohlobo kuhlanganise ngoba kakhulu ukumelana izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene nezifo. Kule ndaba, akukho kokuhlupheka mulard zabanikazi ngokuvamile musa ukuletha. Ngisho amakhaza futhi ezinzima lokushisa izinguquko Zithwala ngempela kalula.

Akuvamile, kodwa kwenzeka ukuze duck aspergillosis ogulayo noma kloatsitom. Esimweni sokuqala isetshenziselwa ukwelapha isixazululo zethusi sulfate (ngaphakathi) e yesibili - iodine ne-zinc wamafutha.

isiphetho

Njengoba ubona, amadada mulard, ezikhulayo ekhaya (izimpendulo abalimi kuleli cala ukuthi babeshaye esikhonkosini) okuyinto - kunemidanti nzima kakhulu, le nyoni empeleni elikhiqizayo ngokuya okuqukethwe kule inyama, futhi isibindi inzuzo. Yiqiniso, izindleko zalolu hlobo amadada ezibizayo (cishe u- $ 1.5 isabelo ngasinye). Nokho, inzuzo lapho ungathola dilution eside. Ikakhulukazi, uma kwenzeka ukuthi amadada kuthiwa incubated ngqo epulazini.