Spring ibhali: izinhlobo, izinsuku betshala kulinywe, ukubaluleka kwezomnotho

Spring ibhali - ukudla okubalulekile, ifolishi nezithelo zomhlabathi lobuchwepheshe. Lesi sihloko sizodingida izici eziyinhloko yalesi isiko, futhi ikakhulukazi kulinywe yayo.

ukubaluleka kwezomnotho

Kusukela entwasahlobo okusanhlamvu ibhali okusanhlamvu ekhiqizwa (pearl ibhali) nofulawa. ufulawa zebhali Pure alisetshenziswa ke, e isamba 20-25%, is admixed kuya kakolweni noma rye ufulawa. Ibhali ibuye isetshenziswe kotshi ezindaweni lapho azihlakulele oats - lokondla amahhashi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu isiko iyona impahla eluhlaza ukwenziwa utshwala ubhiya. I lembewu yebhali iqukethe: i-nitrogen khulula extractives - 64,6%, amaprotheni - 12%, i-cellulose - 5.5%, amanzi - 13% fat - 2.1% no-2.8% umlotha.

Umsuka isiko

Ibhali - omunye omdala izitshalo yezolimo. Njengoba kumbiwa, yena kanye nokolweni, wayaziwa abantu Stone Age. AbaseGibhithe kutshalwa ebhali eminyaka 50 BC. EGrisi, Italy kanye China it is kwatshalwa kusukela ezikhathini komlando. Ngokusho mathiriyeli ekumbeni ensimini yase-Asia Ephakathi ibhali esekhulile ngaphansi kwezolimo eniselwayo iminyaka eyizinkulungwane 4-5 BC. Ensimini ka eMoldova nase-Ukraine laqala ukuba ayilime ku 3rd yeminyaka BC. Kuze kube manje, ukutshala entwasahlobo ibhali luqhutshwa emhlabeni wonke.

incazelo Botanical

Uhlobo lwe Hordeum L yakhiwa ezintathu izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kwamasiko futhi abaningi zebhali zasendle. ibhali Cultural libhekwa ngenani izindlebe othela izithelo, okuyinto zitholakala kwi izingxenye induku. Cabangela lezi zinhlobo:

• Hordeum vulgare. Lokhu kuthiwa multi-irowu noma kwetayela. Ngasinye ingxenye induku itholakala ezintathu othela izithelo spikelet akunika okusanhlamvu. Kuye ngezinga of indlebe ukuminyana ibhali abavamile sehlukaniswe zenyathi ezimbili: elungile 6-irowu (indlebe aminyene futhi obukhulu, esifushane, e cross-section sifana iheksagoni njalo), futhi ayilungile irowu 6th (indlebe is kancane obukhulu, imigqa kanye okusanhlamvu ahlelwe ngendlela engafanele, ohlangothini spikes Ungafaka ngomunye nomunye futhi uhambisane medium ukuthuthukiswa, it yakha ukuma letingemadayimenshini cross-section spike).
• Hordeum distichon. Lokhu ibhali ezimbili zilandelana, lapho ezintathu ingxenye induku ihlala spikelet (othela izithelo aphakathi, ohlangothini - oyinyumba). Ngu ubunjalo spikelets lateral ezimbili irowu ibhali sehlukaniswe zenyathi ezimbili. Eyokuqala ohlangothini zenyathi spikelets oyinyumba izimbali ahlelwe futhi glumes, kanti eyesibili - nje glumes.
• Hordeum intermedium. Lokhu ibhali Lesisemkhatsini. Onqenqemeni Koloskov induku angakwazi ukuthuthukisa 1-3 okusanhlamvu.

Ngo Ezindaweni zethu, ukusabalala kwaba kuphela multi-ilandelana ezimbili irowu ibhali. Umsuka ngokuvamile kom ngaphezulu nesomiso ukumelana. Multi-ilandelana ezimbili irowu ibhali sehlukaniswe kwezinhlobo eziningi. Ukwahlukaniswa kungase kusekelwe izimfanelo ezifana spinous uhlamvu awns, Umbala spike nokusanhlamvu, hulled okusanhlamvu ukuminyana futhi spike.

izici begazi

Spring ibhali uvuma kahle nenhlabathi ezahlukene kanye izimo zezulu.

Lokushisa. imbewu ibhali uqale iqhume ezingeni lokushisa 1 degree. Kulokhu, inkomba best of ukuhluma lokushisa 20-22 degrees. Amahlumela yalesi isiko zingamelana zeqhwa phansi 8 ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa. Ikakhulukazi sensitive ngenyanga isitshalo kuba ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza futhi yokuvuthwa. Ngenkathi kulayishwa Weevil umbungu okungenzeka bahlukunyezwe ngisho by 1.5-3 degrees Celsius. Yokusanhlamvu, ngaphansi frost ngale ungalahlekelwa ngokuphelele ukuhluma. Ukumelana abandayo iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi izinhlobo lebhali. Amazinga ukumelana kakhulu ifa ezindaweni ezibandayo.

Amazinga okushisa aphakeme phakathi ukugcwaliswa wokusanhlamvu ibhali kangcono ibekezelelwe kuka-oats nokolweni. Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa VR Zelenskogo, ezingeni lokushisa 38-40 degrees stomata lokhu isiko bazolahlekelwa amandla ukuvala ngemuva kwamahora 25-30. Entwasahlobo kakolweni lokhu Inkomba phakathi kuka-10 no-17 amahora. Ukwandiswa ukumelana ibhali okushisa aphakeme ngenxa ukuvuthwa futhi umthamo ekuseni yayo ekunikezeni ukudla okunzulu kusaqalwa sokukhula.

Umswakama. On nesomiso ukumelana entwasahlobo ibhali ingenye Ngqaphambili izinkwa iqembu 1st. transpiration Izinga imayelana 400. Ezindaweni ezinesomiso izitshalo ibhali ngokuvamile kukhona voluminous ezingaphezu kuka kakolweni izitshalo.

Ukumelana emoyeni nasenhlabathini nesomiso kungehluka kuye ngokuthi ezihlukahlukene. Ububi umswakama ibhali Lesi sifo siphatha kakhulu ukuba e-isigaba okukhipha tube. Uma ngalesi sikhathi inhlabathi liqukethe isamba enganele yamanzi, indlebe kungaba angakhuli kahle futhi isibalo spikelets oyinyumba luyokwandisa.

Inhlabathi. Njengoba sekushiwo, entwasahlobo ibhali kutshalwa ngempumelelo ngemhlabatsi zezulu zokuzamazama ezahlukene, njengoba kuboniswa nezimo yayo tinhlobo letehlukene nenhlabathi. Ngokuya Ukuphendula kuya ukuvundisa inhlabathi, ibhali okuningi okufana nokolweni kuka-oats. Ngaye, i-eyamukelekayo kakhulu kwesakhiwo enhlabathini evundile umkhathizwe wawuqala ezijulile. On sandy and sandy loam nenhlabathi, lokhu wokudla ayiqondakali athuthukile. Libuye okungekuhle for zebhali Peat esidi nosawoti nenhlabathi. Sikhula kahle nenhlabathi nge pH 6.8 7.5.

Izitshalo zinokuphila okunempilo. Kuye ezihlukahlukene, esifundeni zikhula futhi izimo zezulu zebhali ehlobo isikhathi ezikhulayo kungaba isukela ezingu-60 110.

izinhlobo

Kuze kube manje, entwasahlobo ibhali izinhlobo eziningi kangaka. Sizobe sesibheka ethandwa ezimbalwa, ukuze uthole umqondo jikelele mayelana nalolo daba.

Viscount. Izinhlobonhlobo wadalwa indlela hybridization intraspecific. It has an uqotho eziyize stem ehlathini ukujiya isilinganiso. okusanhlamvu isisindo 0,042-0,054 amagremu. Isikhathi izimila zokhahlamba kusuka kwezinsuku ezingu-73 kuya 127 kuncike esifundeni. Izinhlobonhlobo kubhekwa ukuba aklaba, kodwa izimo ezikahle kungaba likhiqize okusanhlamvu, efanelekayo yokuphisa lesi siphuzo. Okusanhlamvu isilinganiso iqukethe kusuka 11 kuya 13% amaprotheni. Membranous ingeqi 10%. Lombhalo ucashunwe ebhukwini kuyinto 77,8-80,1%.

Izinhlobonhlobo olumelana isifo nomhlabathi ezishintshashintshayo izimo zezulu. isivuno salo okungase quintals 70 ehektheleni. North balolu hlobo eyenziwa ngaleso ophumayo lokuqala kungenzeka emkhakheni. 1 ha lihlwanyelwe abacishe babe yizigidi 4.5-5 imbewu. Uma kutshalwa imisiwe, futhi entwasahlobo okulindeleke ukuba ibe ezomile, kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi ukwandisa by 1 million.

Vakula. Izinhlobonhlobo has nezimo okusezingeni eliphezulu yezinguquko izimo ezikhulayo. Kuye kwehlisa ukuzwela photoperiodic, iqinisekisa ukuthi uthola isivuno esihle, kungakhathaliseki ubude ukufika kwentwasahlobo futhi imininingwane yalolu-latitude inikezwe. okusanhlamvu isisindo zingaba phakathi 0,046 ukuze 0,052 g Nge luningi umswakama isisindo ifinyelela 0.060 g has ezihlukahlukene ephezulu amandla okusanhlamvu ukukhula, membranous ongaphakeme futhi ongaphakeme amaprotheni wokuqukethwe. Isici yokugcina ikuvumela niwayise lapho kudayiswa khona utshwala. Izinga ayihlwanyelayo kungaba isukela kwezigidi ezingu 2 kuya ku-3 imbewu ngayinye ehektheleni 1. izitshalo uqweqwe e Isomiso ungayeki ezinkulu, high quality imbewu. Vakula izinhlobo ukuhoxa kungaba isukela 50 kuya kwangu-90 quintals ehektheleni.

Helios. Ibhali lokhu ezihlukahlukene akufane izici zayo ukuze uhlobo Vakula. Nokho, uma iqhathaniswa nayo kuye, yena unalo high quality okusanhlamvu. ezihlabayo Kungcono futhi inika isivuno ephakeme ngaphansi umswakama okuhle. Okunhlobonhlobo senzelwe ukutshalwa olunzulu enciphile zokutshala izinga. okusanhlamvu isisindo zingaba phakathi 0,048 ukuze 0,050 amagremu. Phakathi yokukhula siyahlukahluka ububanzi iwumngcingo - izinsuku 90-93. Izinga zokutshala million 3,7-4,16 imbewu ngayinye ehektheleni 1. Nothile Kuveza zebhali enjalo angase afinyelele 89 t / ha.

Duncan. Spring ibhali we ekilasini wethulwa Canada bese esabalala sibonga izwe kakhulu ukusebenza hoxa, ukuhluma yakhe nomdlandla wokuphila. Ngenxa stem oqinile zebhali izinhlobo amelana PERMUT nendawo yokufihla ikhanda. Isisindo esisodwa sommbila ngokwesilinganiso 0,049 g Ukuhoxa grade kuyinto 80 quintals ehektheleni. Lokhu kwenzeka naphezu kokuba iqiniso wokuthi unesikhundla aphansi kakhulu imbewu rate - abayizigidi ezingu 2-2.2 imbewu ehektheleni. Isibalo wesibili ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi uqweqwe isimo isiko kabi athuthukile.

Priazovsky 9. Ukutshala izinhlobonhlobo ibhali kwamatayitela ababaliweyo kubo, izinhlobo Russian Federation. It libhekene ukumelana nesomiso kanye ductility ezinhle. Isikhathi izimila ibhali izinsuku 80-82. Culm it has amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu nokuzabalazela yokulala. Izinhlobonhlobo linamandla ithonya powdery isikhutha, nokugqwala yemifino zonke izinhlobo izinambuzane. Okuhle kunakho konke ukuthi kuba endawni eCentral Black Earth, North-Caucasus kanye Ephakathi iVolga izifunda of Russia. Ezithela of lolu hlobo ibhali 42-63 quintals ehektheleni. Isisindo eyodwa okusanhlamvu zingaba 0,045-0,055 amagremu.

Mamluk. Lokhu ezihlukahlukene has a sensitivity high photoperiodic, ngakho-ke lakhula ngokushesha kusaqalwa sokukhula. Ukufakwa ukumelana kule ezihlukahlukene akuyona njengoba eliphezulu ukuthi of dlule fike Nokho, likhona uhlu izinhlobo Russian. Iningi okusanhlamvu uya ukondla, kodwa okwandile ukucutshungulwa okusanhlamvu. Ibanga ine ukumelana isilinganiso nesomiso kanye kuncike cishe akukho izifo KWAMAGUNDANE Imishini. Ethandwa kakhulu isebenzisa Mameluke e Krasnodar futhi laseStavropol Krai we Russian Federation. izinhlobonhlobo Uyawuvumela ongafinyelela izimpahla ezingamathani angu-68 ehektheleni. I ukukhiqiza kwentwasahlobo ibhali unciphe bese ephakeme, uma usheshe uzobe seeded. Izinga zokutshala ububanzi 4.5 million kwangu-5 imbewu ehektheleni. Uma imigomo ukuhlwanyelwa entwasahlobo ibhali hhayi ngasekelwa, kufanele kukhuphuke ngo esigidini.

Spot e ukujikeleza

Kuhle eyandulela spring kwebhali kukhona umugqa izitshalo ezifana amazambane, ummbila kanye noshukela u-beetroot. A option enhle futhi isinyathelo izitshalo ebusika, egijima ku umquba okumsulwa pair. Ibhali yasentwasahlobo kakolweni kutshalwe emva, uma wabekwa pair ohlanzekile noma utshani zisetshenziswa. Ibhali, kutshalwe indawo irowu izitshalo, Isiza yokuphisa lesi siphuzo. Inikeza isivuno eliphezulu kanye eliphezulu okusanhlamvu kuyo, kona okuningi isitashi.

Ukuze imisebenzi noma ukudla izinkomo okuphakelayo nebhali imidumba seeded ngemva kwalokho nitrogen buthelela enhlabathini. Izindawo beetroot ngokuvamile Kuhlwanyelwa endaweni beetroot. Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa, isivuno eliphakeme zebhali siyenzeka uma landulelwa elithi (kusuka kwezinkulu kwehle): amazambane, ummbila, yefilakisi, beetroot, entwasahlobo, ukolweni nebhali.

Njengoba ibhali isiko kom, kubhekwa eyandulela kuhle entwasahlobo, kanti kwezinye izindawo kanye nezitshalo ebusika. Ngenxa zokuvuna zokuqala, ibuye ithathwa njengendlela ikhava kwezitshalo kanye luphakeme kulesi sici, nezinye okusanhlamvu entwasahlobo.

umquba

Spring ibhali iyaphendula kahle ukwethulwa Umanyolo enhlabathini. Ukwakheka 100 kg okusanhlamvu ezidingekayo 2.5-3 kg nitrogen, potassium, ne-2-2.4 kg phosphorus 1.1-1.2 kg. Etigabeni kokuqala ukuthuthukiswa isiko ibusa inani elincane umquba. Phakathi "amahlumela-tillering" ibusa cishe isigamu phosphorus, i-nitrogen nengxenye futhi ngamakwata amathathu isisindo ingqikithi potassium umquba esetshenziswa ngesikhathi yokukhula.

Ukungeza umquba ngqo ngaphansi ibhali ke luqhutshwa ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, lapho main okusanhlamvu kwezitshalo. Kwezinye izifunda, ikhono lokusebenzisa ke ukuzuza imiphumela umquba - seeded isiko yesibili.

umquba okunjalo spring kwebhali njengoba phosphorus kanye potassium, senziwa ngaphansi Zyablov ukulima. Nitrogen kungcono ukwenza lapho ondla ngaphansi presowing kulinywe. Potassium ne phosphorus ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphisa isiko. Kube nomphumela omuhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni entshonalanga kulinywe, ibhali ezithela lapho ondla Umanyolo ephelele.

Ingxenye isakhi Umanyolo kungase kuxhomeke ohlotsheni inhlabathi lapho isivuno kutshalwa. On podzolic grey and black nenhlabathi okonakele, kanye zone of chestnut nenhlabathi ibhali kakhulu isabela phosphorus kanye nitrogen fertilizer. On likhanyelwe ixhaphozi nenhlabathi Imiphumela enkulu unika potassium. On chernozems evamile umphumela omkhulu kunayo yonke kungaba ibangelwa usebenzisa phosphorus-potassium eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ulapha umanyolo, kanye injalo incike izici zenhlabathi, umkhiqizo afakwa futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi. Ukuze nokukhula okuvamile isiko, ngaphandle kwalezo Umanyolo efakwe, kufanele usebenzise inombolo micronutrients, okuncike boron, manganese, zinc, ithusi, molybdenum nokunye. Ukungabi micronutrients enhlabathini kungaholela izifo isitshalo, iziyaluyalu umzimba kanye kunciphise isivuno.

On likhanyelwe Peat nenhlabathi njengoba Umanyolo wenziwe bluestone kanye ilahle pyrite. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imiphumela kukamanyolo zethusi kuthinte sokuvuna babeneminyaka embalwa kuphela.

tillage

Isiko kahle elimila izinkambu ezijulile ekwindla ukulima. Ukulima ukujula angase afinyelele cm 30. Wapheka nenhlabathi podsolic umphumela okhethekile bungatholakala lapho ikhefu olimekayo ungqimba nesicelo kanyekanye umquba kanye umquba. Isithwathwa namanzi encibilikisiwe ezindaweni senzelwe ayihlwanyelayo entwasahlobo ibhali, ukubambezeleka ngendlela efanayo ezindaweni ngaphansi entwasahlobo kakolweni. ukwelashwa Spring inhlabathi ingafaka ezinyantisayo noma looping futhi kulinywe nge esisabekayo kanyekanye.

Manje cabanga ukutshala entwasahlobo ibhali ngezigaba.

ukulungiselela imbewu

Ukuze ayihlwanyelayo zisebenzisa imbewu ezinkulu ibhali. Sinenkosi ukuhluma eliphezulu amandla, ukuhluma futhi unike inqwaba zikhule kahle. Ukuze wandise imbewu ezithela selashwe emoyeni-Ukushisa ukushisa. Futhi, basuke kwagxila kusukela izifo ezinkulu izinambuzane indlela eyomile noma ephuma kabili eyomile.

ukuhlwanyelwa ikhalenda

Spring ibhali kusebenza izitshalo izinsuku zokutshala ekuseni. Uma ukubambezeleka ukuhlwanyelwa ngesonto ingase isivuno kwehle ngo 10-40%, kuncike esifundeni. Wokuhlwanyela zakuqala ibhali sibathelela okusanhlamvu indawo nge okuqukethwe ubuncane amafilimu kanye izithombo ukumelana.

Njengomthetho, entwasahlobo ibhali nihlwanyelwe entwasahlobo kakolweni, noma ngemva kwalo. ESiberia nasenyakatho Kazakhstan ibhali ukuhlwanyelwa ikhalenda iqala kusukela ngo-May 15-25, kuye ngokuthi ngonyaka. Ngo eCrimea, ama-Kuban esifundeni futhi e-Asia Ephakathi wayekwenza Februwari izitshalo. Ngakho, isikhathi ayihlwanyelayo entwasahlobo ibhali zingase zishintshe kakhulu futhi ancike imininingwane esifundeni.

ukuhlwanyelwa indlela

Ukuhlwanyela entwasahlobo ibhali engu- namabhola avaliwe kukhona ngempumelelo kakhulu. Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, lezi izindlela, uma iqhathaniswa nayo esiku sokuprakthiza zokutshala, inikeza isivuno-15% ngaphezulu.

izinga seeding

izinga seeding kuncike endaweni kulinywe lebhali. Ngokwesibonelo, eMpumalanga Ekude, bekulokhu kukhona kusukela 1.6 kuya 2 quintals ehektheleni (mayelana 4.5 million imbewu iphila), futhi iNorth eCaucasus - 1.3-1.6 quintals ehektheleni (mayelana 3.5-4, 5 million imbewu). Ngakho, izinga lokusebenza ingahluka kwibanga sasivumela ububanzi, kuncike kule mibandela agronomic futhi inhlabathi esifundeni. I uqweqwe izitshalo amaprotheni wokuqukethwe ubhontshisi yehlile. Kufanele kucatshangelwe uma isiko Simila ngoba utshwala.

zokutshala ukujula

On clayey esindayo nenhlabathi imbewu ehlwanyelwe kumuntu ezingekho ngaphezu 4 cm ukujula, futhi sandy ukukhanya - hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-6 cm nemibandela enganele kwezulu imishini ukujula zingandiswa-8 cm, imbewu ehlwanyelwe zigcwala kancane ngakhoke kudingeka ukuthi uxhume ku-ungqimba ezimanzi zomhlaba .. .

Ukunakekela izitshalo

Ukuze izithombo bengabangani, ezindaweni ezinesomiso Kwenziwa kanyekanye ne titibonelo letinkhulu tekuvumelana posleposevnoe ukukhanya ezinyantisayo. Ezindaweni ezinomswakama zisebenzisa ezinyantisayo ku amahlumela. Lezi zinyathelo enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba abhubhise ukhula, athambise umhlabathi futhi sandise ukufinyelela-mpilo ukuze izimpande. Uma kwakhiwa lo kuqweqwe emhlabathini emva kwemvula enamandla, futhi amahlumela ziye ungakabi wabonakala, ubhubhisa amahhala.

ukuvuna

Ibhali ripens ndawonye. Lapho kuqala indlebe yokuvuthwa iba ziyaqothuka futhi Liyashabalala kalula okusanhlamvu. I yokuhlanza ezimbili isigaba ukuqala cishe kusukela maphakathi wax ripeness futhi isigaba esisodwa - at ripeness egcwele, e imodi esasizosheshisa.

Malting ibhali: Izici

Izimfanelo entwasahlobo ibhali elisetshenziswa uthuthuva, izimfuno ezikhethekile. Uthuthuva kangcono kabili emgqeni ibhali izinhlobo ukuthi likhiqize okusanhlamvu ezinkulu, bushelelezi futhi ngokulinganayo amila. Grain ngoba yokuphisa kumele abe ezinkulu (mayelana 0,040-0,050 g isisindo) kanye tonkoplenchatym, abe umbala utshani-yellow, okungenani 78% isitashi ube okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuhluma amandla (engengaphansi kwengu-95%).

Ngaphambili kwakucatshangwa ukuthi i-uthuthuva ezinhle kuphela okusanhlamvu nebhali, ngoba aqukethe amaprotheni amaningi awo incane. Nokho, kamuva wathola ukuthi konke akuxhomekile inani amaprotheni izinga yabo. Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa, imiphumela emihle siyithola lapho usebenzisa ibhali kokuba eliphezulu yamangqamuzana amaprotheni isisindo (globulin futhi prolamins) ukuthi cishe zingaxazululeki emanzini. Elingalungile ubhiya-non-amaprotheni nitrogen ne-nitrogen,-albumin. I kokumethemba labaluleke kakhulu ibhali ezinjalo kuba ebusika okusanhlamvu izitshalo, ummbila, amazambane, beet, futhi yefilakisi.

Lapho ukutshala ebhali uthuthuva imiphumela engcono kungaba lekumele azuzwe kulelo kusaqalwa kwezitshalo. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthola ezithela eliphezulu siqondile, okusanhlamvu indawo ophezulu isitashi ephansi hulled.

Ukutshala ukuyedlula izindlela okusanhlamvu ukuhlwanyelwa futhi sokuzivivinya avaliwe futhi crossover. Posleposevnoe titibonelo letinkhulu tekuvumelana kunomphumela omuhle izinga isivuno. Futhi ukwakheka soma noma uphawu eqinile isetshenziswa ezinyantisayo inhlabathi. Siyabonga kulezi zindlela steblestoy iyunifomu nokusanhlamvu - siqondile. Ngo izitshalo zebhali yokuphisa akusiyo efiselekayo iphendukele ukulungisa, kusukela Kulezo zimo, okusanhlamvu ungase uthole ukusebenza ezincane futhi yehlise.

Ikhwalithi Malting ibhali ngokwezinga elikhulu kuthonywa indlela, nokuvuna isikhathi. I yokuhlanza ephumelela kunazo sikhombisa owodwa isigaba, ekhiqizwa phakathi ripeness egcwele lapho okusanhlamvu umswakama okuqukethwe esingeqile ku-22%. Nokho, ezindaweni eningizimu ngokuvamile basebenzisa yokuhlanza ezimbili isigaba. Uma ibhali stagnate, inani isitashi e okusanhlamvu uwela njengoba ukuphefumula anda iqala. okushisa aphansi futhi umswakama ngokweqile ngesikhathi ripeness umnyuziki kungathikameza kabi izinga imbewu kamuva evuna nezinsuku. Ngemva ebhula okusanhlamvu ngokucophelela lungisa yomiswa, okukuvumela ukuba uyigcine umbala futhi unikeze ubungqabavu eliphezulu.