Utamatisi - isithelo noma yemifino? Ake sihlole

Utamatisi eRussia baqala ukudla ngekhulu XVIII. izithelo Izintandokazi ukuze imifino zibalwa, kodwa kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa EU - a izithelo. Wenze njalo utamatisi - izithelo noma imifino? Asivume. Sithatha imininingwane kusuka zezitshalo futhi ubone ukuthi yini isiko kuwo wonke umlando.

Olunye ulwazi kusuka Botany

Ngaphansi izithelo ziyabonisa futhi izithelo esinamanzi imbewu, okuyinto ikhulela imbali. Imifino - okuyizinto izitshalo ezincane herbaceous nge elithambile sifanamsindvo futhi okungezona indwangu. Okungukuthi, kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa Botany, zonke izithelo imbewu - isithelo. Basuke ihlukaniswe esinamanzi (amakhabe, apula, amawolintshi, tangerines), izithelo itshe (cherry, amapentshisi, amapulamuzi) futhi omile (okusanhlamvu, amantongomane, ubhontshisi). Awu, utamatisi? Izithelo noma nemifino? It kuvela - isithelo njengoba likhula kusuka imbali enyameni yakhe - imbewu.

Kodwa linda, wukuthi ayilula kangako. Izizwe zomhlaba babe amasiko awo, futhi imithetho: endaweni eyodwa engxenyeni ezidliwayo zalesi sihlahla iyisithelo, kwelinye - zemifino. Utamatisi amajikijolo ngisho kwamanye amazwe zibhekwa. Kuwo wonke umlando, izinguquko into nento uhlala ingashintshiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ezweni lethu esinalo balimi ukufunda akukho mbuzo: "Uyini utamatisi: a izithelo noma nemifino," Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi la iminyaka abaningi eRussia, utamatisi babe imifino. Kodwa US neyaziwayo izithelo zabo, kodwa wonke amalunga lapho ukuthutha azophathwa ngokufanele.

umlando utamatisi

Utamatisi endle likhula eNingizimu Melika - Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia. Mexico kwaba lizwe lokuqala lapho baqala sihlakulele isiko. Ngenxa yalokho, alethwa eYurophu. Incazelo yokuqala utamatisi ezilotshwe 1555 e-Italy, lapho bebehlala khona ngokuthi "POMI d'Oro", okusho ukuthi "apula eliluhlaza". Khona utamatisi ophuzi wacabanga izithelo.

Ekhulwini XVI, isiko esekhulile eSpain, eFrance, e-England nakwamanye amazwe, kodwa kwakubhekwa angavamile. Abanye abantu ngokuvamile zibhekwa izithelo ezinobuthi. IMisa adle nabo baqala kuphela maphakathi no-1700, lapho le nkolelo-ze ubuthi babo kwaze kwaphela. Utamatisi yasheshe emhlabeni wonke. Badla a fresh, ukungezwa amasobho, nososo, izifundo yesibili. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1893, lo mbuzo: "Uyini utamatisi: a izithelo noma nemifino" - a impendulo: INkantolo Ephakeme ngazimemezela utamatisi zemifino.

Umphumela we-mpikiswano zomthetho

Inkinga nge isimo utamatisi eladabuka 1887, lapho Melika wangena intela imifino. Ngokusho imithetho namasiko, izithelo intela kwaba akudingekile. Yingakho iyiphi impikiswano zomthetho, ngoba eqinisweni isithelo imbewu ephelele (ukhukhamba, Ugalonci, isitshalo seqanda, njll).

Inkantolo ithole ukuthi utamatisi yemifino, i-agumenti eyayibalulekile ukuthi ibadla eyodla, futhi elimnandi musa ukukhonza, njengoba akusiyo amnandi. Kulokhu, isinqumo senkantolo kuphambene iphuzu Botanical umbono. Nazi lapha utamatisi okuxubile: isithombe ebonisa ukuthi isithelo imbewu kanye lungase lubizwe ngokuthi izithelo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kodwa manje izimo olusemthethweni utamatisi kubhekwa yemifino, kodwa hhayi wonke, amazwe. Sekuyisikhathi eside Thina abantu zezithelo nemifino elibonakalayo ukunambitheka kwalo elungisiwe. Abalimi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi oluthathwa izithelo ukhulile, kubalulekile ukuthi kungaba ukungezwa sanoma yisiphi isidlo, zingabantu okumnandi futhi ewusizo kakhulu.