"Borodino ensimini" (Museum-reserve): izikhangibavakashi, incazelo

Emlandweni ezimpini zanoma isiphi isimo kufanele impi, okuyinto ngosuku olwaba ingqopha-. Ukuze Russia empini ye 1812 waba owesikhombisa senzeka ngo-September Impi Borodino.

Yenzeka enkundleni efanayo ngo eyikhulu neshumi amakhilomitha kusuka eMoscow kuya entshonalanga Mozhaisk.

ibutho Borodin Russian sikaNapoleon ngilinqobile yonke iYurophu manje imi tindlelanchubo eMoscow, kwaba aqeda force yokuthi French abakwazanga alulame. Le mpi nobuqhawe kwakuyisiqalo kokunqotshwa ekunqotshweni amabutho esitha.

Umlando sokudalwa

Izenzakalo 1812 ashiye uphawu lwawo hhayi kuphela emlandweni isiRashiya, kodwa futhi emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke yonke iYurophu. Futhi akumangalisi ukuthi lapho kwakunesidingo esinye sezenzakalo juqu we empini, sashintshwa saba yisikhumbuzo.

Iqiniso lokuthi leli nkambu iyadingeka silondoloze idumela lalo amakhulu eminyaka, Russian waqonda iminyaka eyishumi ngemva kokunqotshwa Napoleon. Izazi-mlando zichaza kwezikhathi indlela Borodino ensimini yaphenduka Museum.

Kutuzov waphendukela induna gofmeysterine Naryshkina imfuneko ukuze uqinise Russian eziye zalondolozwa. Wabhala ukuthi bangcwabe lezi redoubts iminyaka kuphela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, endaweni lapho wafa heroically Jikelele Tuchkov, yaqala ukwakhiwa yeSonto uMsindisi, ngemva amasosha angaphezu kuka ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amahlanu bafa empini.

ukutholakala

Imyuziyemu-Reserve "Borodino ensimini" sihlehlela emuva Agasti 1839, unyaka. Ngalo lolo suku, ne iqhaza koMbusi Nicholas mina kubahlanganyeli phambi impi amabutho emgqeni stopyatidesyatitysyachnogo ebhethrini Rajewski - main reference iphuzu yebutho Russian ngesikhathi sempi - ku ngesiduli ukuphakama lesikhumbuzo lanikezelwa ngo wezakhiwo A. Adamini. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambili, ngesikhathi kwesisekelo salo wangcwatshwa nomlotha Jikelele PI Bagration - omunye amaqhawe Borodino.

Budebuduze Lodge lesikhumbuzo sika, eyenzelwe amasosha-Veterans yayakhiwe ngesinqumo somthetho koMbusi, okwakukhona ukugcina Libhuku ukuzobuka uhlelo lokulwa onakala ashiywe kuye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakudingeka anakekele ethuneni, lesikhumbuzo Bagration. Ngakho Museum "Borodino Field" wavulwa.

incazelo

Lokhu somlando kubhekwa omunye omdala phakathi esekelwe yinkundla yempi. Ngo-1961 kwathiwa uqambe State Borodino neMpi nomlando Museum and Reserve, futhi likhona lakhiwa izinto eziyigugu kakhulu uhlu nakumasiko yeRussia.

Endaweni indawo yayo evikelwe - amakhilomitha square ayisithupha namashumi amahlanu kanye. Sam Borodino neMpi nomlando Museum and Reserve - indawo esembusweni square metres eyikhulu neshumi. m. Into esemqoka iwukubonisa, eqinisweni, emkhakheni ngokwayo, lapho ngo-August, amabutho izinsuku eziyisithupha Russian eholwa Kutuzov wabalwela eMoscow.

Museum injalo yesimanje yasungulwa ngo-1902. Kwakudida kakhulu futhi isinqumo ezingalindelekile. Shona w / d "Borodino" esiteshini Sinqume ukudala "Museum 1812", ngesizotha kwelinye lamakamelo esiteshini. Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, ukugubha nemigubho - ngemva kwempi eyikhulu. Lomgubho kwenzeke ngezinga elikhulu. babeze eyakhelwe Kukhona izikhumbuzo kukhunjulwa amasosha ovelele nezikhulu ibutho tsarist.

ezikhumbuzo amathathu nanhlanu elibuyiselwe Kuphinde kwakhiwa Shevardino redoubt. Kuyinto nasekuqiniseni ngowokuqala ukwamukela buhlungu. Kuye kabusha futhi ingenye ukushiselwa.

Ukuthola lapho

Woza ku "Borodino ensimini" (Museum-reserve) kungenzeka ku imoto emgwaqeni omkhulu eMoscow-Minsk. Kusukela Mozhaisk udinge ukuya entshonalanga, beya emzaneni igama elifanayo ke jikela kwesokunxele kuya lesikhumbuzo main.

Izitimela asuke Belorussky Isiteshi sesitimela. Ibhasi ukuza "Borodino ensimini" (Museum) kungaba kusuka esitimeleni "Ukunqoba Park" esiteshini ngenombolo ibhasi 457.

Eduze kwaphakathi ukuchayeka naseduze Spaso-Borodino Sezindela ifakwe yokupaka ukhululekile, okuhloswe hhayi kuphela izimoto kodwa futhi ngoba uhambo shuttles.

ingqalasizinda

State Borodino Military-Historical Museum wavula igatsha lawo emzini Mozhaisk. Lena wendawo Local Umlando Center kanye House of umculi Gerasimov.

Namuhla, imizamo ifomu abaphathi nokuthuthukisa emihlanganweni, kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha izimali. Kodwa into - ukudala izimo evamile izinsalela, kuhlanganise alezo endaweni evulekile.

umsebenzi

Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile ukuthi namuhla silindelwe a "Borodino ensimini" (Museum), wadutshulwa ngemvula Stocking, ukubhaliswa kanye ahlola amaqoqo. Priority lokhu somlando - embukisweni permament. Esinye isici esibalulekile ukubuyiselwa izikhumbuzo, zobuciko, kuhlanganise ngezinhlamvu ezihlelwa ngesandla. Lemisebenti kumele kwenziwe njalo.

Kubaluleke kakhulu umsebenzi "Borodino ensimini" Museum-reserve eliyifa futhi ukugcwaliseka amaphrojekthi, okuncike kabusha ukusungulwa kwe-ngaphambilini lost ziphephile ongaphandle, ekwakhiweni kabusha yabo, ukubuyiselwa, ukulondolozwa. Namuhla ngenkuthalo wajaha museumification izindawo zomlando namasiko landscape, kanye namatshe ezikhumbuzo ngabanye kanye izinto okwamanje wangena Museum "Borodino ensimini."

zokungcebeleka

Ujwayele izindawo zomlando namasiko kufanele waqala ngokuqondile eponymous sesitimela. Nakhu weminyaka engu 190th empini wavulwa embukisweni enikelwe izenzakalo namaqhawe yaleyo mpi. Kuhlanganisa ezinye izinto ku-izenzakalo Okthoba 1941 endaweni.

Nokho, lo mbukiso ebaluleke kakhulu Museum itholakala phakathi emkhakheni Borodino. It kwavulwa inkundla eduze ibhethri Rajewski. Okuthiwa "Borodino - impi yamaRefa", lo mbukiso igcina kuphela Trophies yasekuqaleni nasezintweni ezazisetshenziswa kudala ezihlobene impi edumile. Lapha, ngokwesibonelo, ungabona izikhali futhi nenyumfomu yamasosha wamabutho Russian nesiFulentshi, kanye amabhanela namazinga, imibhalo yabo kanye umvuzo amakhadi.

"Borodino ensimini" (Museum-reserve) udalula eziningi izimpahla wabahlanganyeli empini. Lapha embukisweni nezithombe, okuyinto zidalwe Veterans kanye ababephila Impi Ye-1812-th,

UMsindisi Borodino Sezindela

Ngemva kohambo isikhungo embukisweni kumele uye endaweni lapho ake wama esontweni encane. Namuhla, esikhundleni yayo lakhiwa Isigodlo Spaso-Borodino, endaweni elibamba nemibukiso eziningana. Ngokwesibonelo, esichasiselweni acoca ngaloko zizonke zakha "Borodino ensimini" (Museum-reserve) ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, umsebenzi esibhedlela ensimini, ephukile esizeni kusuka July kuya ku-September 1941, njll

embukisweni Landelayo - "Military art ithoyizi" - isithombe kancane edabukisayo dilutes kulowo odlule. Wayengumngane ikakhulukazi uyakuthanda izivakashi kancane. Tinongo amasosha ezihlukahlukene nezikhathi zomlando, kanye isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele, ekuboniseni omunye izigcawu impi, ukwenza izingane amahora wachitha phambi zezitsha.

Okwamanje, guys zibabaza amasosha, abadala ungavakashela Refectory ka wezindela Spaso-Borodino futhi simazi kangcono iqoqo ocebile lezeMpi Igalari. Ekumeni of ojenene nezikhulu, corporals namalungu ajwayelekile Borodino ... It ababebuthene igalari isithombe, okuyinto has emhlabeni ayisikhombisa art ziphephile.

"Borodino ensimini" (Museum-reserve) bekungeke kube anjalo ngaphandle kokukhuluma igama Russian zakudala Lva Tolstogo futhi, yebo, inoveli "Impi Nokuthula". Umlobi e 1867 ubulapha mathupha. Wahlala ehhotela oseduze nesonto, aqoqe ukwaziswa incwadi yakhe ezayo.

Namuhla, izindonga bangaphambili coaching yezihambi, embukisweni ngilandisa heroes kule noveli "Impi Nokuthula" nokuhlanganyela kwabo empini Borodino, kanye nezindawo lapho elwa Andrey Bolkonsky.

Ngo indlu encane futhi Museum ngesikhathi esifanayo kuMama Owayephethe isigodlo, ubani emhlabeni owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi UMargarita Mikhailovna (umfelokazi Jikelele Tuchkov) kufanele sibheke ingaphakathi ukusungulwa womuzi Mother Mary - umsunguli Spaso-Borodino Sezindela.

Ekugcineni, izivakashi bayamenywa ukuya ku-uhambo kuleyandawo samasosha zomlando "Doronin" - emzaneni esiyingqayizivele yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, lapho ukusungulwa umlinyana futhi ukuphila wezempi wangaleyo nkathi. Lapha, hhayi kuphela ukubona nokwazi kuphi futhi kanjani lapho ayehlala khona ukuhlola izikhulu kanye amasosha ngesikhathi sempi ye 1812, kodwa futhi ukunambitha isosha yangempela ekusukeni iphalishi.