Arthur Schnitzler: Biography, lokusungula, play

Arthur Schnitzler - eyaziwa umbhali Austrian wemidlalo, ezazidume ngokutshala kudlala zayo ezidumile amanoveli, osekuyisikhathi eside kusukela baba Classic izincwadi emhlabeni. Umsebenzi wakhe enezici kakhulu, abacwaningi abaningi kangaka nobunzima ekutholeni isiqondiso elifanelana nalo. nombhali umsebenzi Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ngoba ingasetshenziswa ukunquma isimo izincwadi ekuqa- 19-20 eminyaka.

umsebenzi Early

Arthur Schnitzler wazalelwa e Vienna ngo-1862 kuya emkhayeni wamaJuda. Uyise wayengudokotela, futhi insizwa esencane, elandela isibonelo abazali, langena Faculty of Moscow University. Wayengundunankulu waseSamoa iminyaka eminingana ubesebenza njengomshayeli psychoanalyst, wasebenza umtholampilo kayise, ngisho emsebenzini ngokwesayensi. Nokho, uzizwa isithakazelo izincwadi kanye yaseshashalazini, ukuthi maduzane nje belahla kwemithi futhi waqala ngokubhala. Lodumo beza kuye ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ekuqaleni, imisebenzi yakhe uyabanda ziqapheleke noma kubangelwa Ukunganeliseki eziqinile eziningana abahlaziyi bemibhalo.

Nokho, njengoba kuqale unyaka ka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, u-Arthur Schnitzler waziwa e nezazi zokudala kahle impela. Umsebenzi wakhe ekuqaleni kwaba izici yesimanjemanje. Umlobi owaqala ngokuvukela ukudalwa eyodwa-isenzo kudlala, okwakukhona zithandwa ekuqa- eminyaka. "Anatole" (1893) - kuyinto indaba imbongi, Dandy, ngubani kusesho njalo yena ezenzela ngendlela yakhe yokudala. Yena usephila impilo kunalokho sokungenzi lutho, uchungechunge lwezinombolo ukuthandana ezamehlela. Yena okuphikisana isithombe somngane wakhe Max - Sane futhi nizithibe ukucabanga Umuntu ozama wokuhlola kwakhe kusukela okubambelela ngezikhathi kuyamsiza ezimpini nabesifazane. Anatole njalo ukukhohlisa nabathandekayo babo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi ngokuvamile bekhohliswa - isici motif umsebenzi lwembhali.

Isihloko emphakathini wanamuhla

Arthur Schnitzler alalelwa enkulu esithombeni emphakathini wesimanje. Ngesikhathi kwekhulunyaka phakathi nezazi, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa umoya wobumnyama nokuphelelwa ithemba ngenxa inhlekelele Impucuko. Zonke wenza ngokucacile ngokwabo wazizwa kuwukuphikisana zanqwabelana umbuso, okuyinto conglomeration Motley lezizwe united indawo kuphela. Inkathi isimo sezombusazwe abathintekayo izincwadi. abalobi Young ezaziya ziba ziveza nokwehliswa kwesithunzi umphakathi eliphezulu, ukunwetshwa ephathelene nokufaneleka ngokokuziphatha kwezinqubo nabameleli bayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Yaqala idlala indima enkulu indima love indaba ephathwayo. Schnitzler Arthur wamupha impela eningi ukunakwa. Esikhathini play "Fairy Tale" futhi "Flirt", wabuyela isihloko sothando ophingelwe, okubonisa inhlekelele isibonelo isiphetho umdlali waseshashalazini futhi intombazane evamile yasemaphandleni.

Ukuthandwa eRussia

Umlobi eyaduma ezweni lethu emva kokushicilelwa inoveli yakhe "The uLieutenant Gustloff '(1901). Lo msebenzi bahluke kulokho wabhala ngaphambili: le noveli iyona Monologue kwangaphakathi protagonist, okuyinto ngenxa ukungqubuzana nombhaki ezingenalutho egumbini sigqoka ehholo ekhonsathini kubhekene nemizwelo eminingi ebuhlungu. Uyibheka njengesibonakaliso ukuthuka ukuthi kwaba umfutho lonke uchungechunge ukucabanga lokhu uhlamvu.

Ngokungafani imisebenzi yangaphambili umbhali, le ndaba ayinayo ecacile ngesakhiwo isakhiwo kanye nesakhiwo sendzaba. Njengoba umlobi ezizoqhubela theory psychoanalytic ka Freud, wakhokha ukunakwa okukhulu ukuze incazelo nakho esingokomzwelo izinhlamvu zakhe. Ngakho, umlobi kulelizwe Sekukaningi uma kuqhathaniswa ne Dostoevsky futhi laseChekhov, okuyinto cishe lichaza isizathu ukuthandwa kwalo eRussia. Abagxeki abaningi, izimbongi Ubhale izihloko kanye nokubuyekeza imisebenzi yakhe, okhombisa intshisekelo sína nezazi kazwelonke emsebenzini wakhe (Blok, Tsvetaeva, Trotsky).

I zezimbali temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba

Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule yekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kuka umbhali ekhulwini lama-20, Waba umlobi abanamakhono ukukhululwa tindzaba letimfisha. Omunye wabo, "Unkosikazi nomfundisi," utshela indaba engavamile love story eyenzeke phakathi hero kanye wesifazane osemusha, Nokho, abaphezulu yakhe. Indaba iqala okwamanje lapho kwathatha iminyaka eminingana ngemva kwalesi senzakalo. The hero kuziwa resort ngokungazelelwe ihlangana nowesifazane ababeyithanda, kodwa waphoqeleka ukuba abalekele ngenxa yokwesaba ukubanjwa eceleni komyeni wakhe. Ngo ukukhuluma naye, uthola ukuthi umyeni wakhe wamthethelela, futhi yena akaqondi lokhu bese uyaqhubeka ukuphila iphupho uthando. Kancane kancane uqala ubone okwenzekayo njengoba iphupho - motif main emsebenzini umbhali, kwakheka bedle eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma Freud sika. Kulesi sici, umbhali eseduze Impressionists saseVienna. Phakathi yakhe edume kunazo zonke Namaprozi imisebenzi bungabonakala ezifana "UTeresa", "Frau Beate nendodana yakhe."

The main themes

Omunye wabalobi edume kakhulu ekhulwini lama-20 kwaba-Arthur Schnitzler. "Dance Round" - umsebenzi eliye laba quintessence yomsebenzi wakhe. Nokho, inkinga uthando ixazululwe nabo Freud futhi umthambo Impressionist, cross-cutting indaba ephathwayo ligijima yonke imibhalo yakhe. Zonke namaqhawe bavame ukuba balungise yokuhlola yalolu umuzwa. Ngo imisebenzi abalobi Ziyathandelana Motifs isihawu, romantic and okungokwemvelo, lona wamuva yibona ngokucacile. Umbhali unaka ngokukhethekile ukuba incazelo eningiliziwe esiphehla umphakathi eliphezulu, okuyinto ugcizelela nokonakala ngokomoya ezicukuthwaneni ezinethonya ubuhle imfashini.

play esenqatshelwe

Impressionism wayeyingcweti wangempela Arthur Schnitzler. "Runaround", sifinyeto okuyinto ngempela ayinzima, isibe impikiswano iningi lemisebenzi yakhe. Umbhali waphinde wacela ukuba incazelo ezamehlela yokubonisana uthando heroes yayo, kodwa uma ngaphambili uthando umugqa athuthukile ngokumelene incazelo zangokwasemuva zezinhlelo ngokoqobo kwezenhlalo, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi ayewukhonzile emsebenzini umbhali, manje wagxila kuphela kwi ukuhlaziya ezamehlela yokubonisana uthando heroes, futhi ochazwe uhambo lwabo ifomu okungokwemvelo kakhulu . Lapha ungakwazi ukubona ithonya umbhali odumile French Gi De Maupassant. Umphakathi Wathukuthela wangqangqa by ukulandelana izigcawu olusobala, okuyilokho, eqinisweni, zazakha okuqukethwe play. Akukho indaba ecacile, umlobi uchaza ozithola ambalwa yokubonisana uthando ezihlukahlukene izinhlamvu zezihloko bese izigodi.

indaba

Arthur Schnitzler, "Uthando umdanso" egcwele umkhiqizo emaphakathi emsebenzini wakhe, eyaduma njengoba wezengqondo ezicashile, owakwazi kukudlulisela ngokunembile kakhulu ukunyakaza subliminal nemizwelo izinhlamvu zakhe. Kulesi play kubonakala izici isici iningi lokusungula we wemidlalo: isithombe wenkani emphakathini wesimanje, ukwehla yamanani nokuziphatha zokuziphatha Swagger. Ngo umsebenzi nabalingisi kukhona isikhulu, intombazane emgwaqweni, imbongi, actress, owesifazane osemusha, insizwa, igrafu abanethonya futhi wakuthola. Umbhali njalo wazama ukubonisa abameleli izigodi ehlukahlukene amakilasi futhi ukuhambisa ukuziphatha kwabo etimeni letehlukene. Umhlangano wokuqala senzeka emzini ebusuku, phezu lomfula iDanube ke umlobi udluliselwa ezindaweni zokuhlala, echaza egumbini elimnyama lapho umbhangqwana sibonane.

Izici

Umkhiqizo "Runaround" (play by wemidlalo Austrian Artura Shnitslera) yazuza notoriety kubangelwe yokuthi nombhali obala yabonisa ezamehlela abathathela yokubonisana uthando heroes. Izethameli wakuthola umsebenzi inhlamba futhi okuyihlazo, nakuba abanye amatiyetha basazama akubeka. Ngalesi sikhathi, umlobi wemidlalo yaseshashalazini igxile kuphela isithombe baphikise lothando - uye angibuthambisanga upende e idrama yakhe kungekho uhlamvu, okuyinto Ngithanda ukuzwelana noma ukuzwelana. Encwadini yakhe ethi akukho ukuphila-evuma noma ukukhanya, akukho mqondo noma izindlela zokuziphatha kwenza play engenathemba kakhulu futhi lifiphele. Akumangalisi ukuthi ukusebenza "Runaround" play by Artura Shnitslera uvele ihlazo. Izethameli engafuni ukuthatha indaba, yaze yafika phambi yesehlakalo baphonsa intuthu amabhomu. Futhi namhlanje, lo msebenzi ibonwa impikiswano kakhulu ngenxa kuncike eyindida.

neminyaka yempi

Umdlalo "Runaround" Artura Shnitslera incazelo ukuzidela yokubonisana uthando heroes ezihlukahlukene izihloko, amakilasi kanye ubudala. Le timu emaphakathi endabeni eqanjiwe sakhe, lapho afike ngokusebenzisa ezicashile ukuhlaziywa ngokwengqondo Uzame ukuchaza izisusa ugqozi nothando. Nokho, impi yayibangela ukushaqeka sina eliqonde kuye, futhi luthinte umsebenzi wakhe. Umbhali waqala ukuloba kancane kodwa wadala omunye imisebenzi yakhe yisakhiwo sodumo kakhulu - noveli "Return of Casanova," okuyinto isitshela indaba the lover abadumile zokuguga, hhayi ababefuna ukuthatha izikhundla zabo futhi baqala ancintisane lesikhulu sombutho abasha, ababengakholelwa nendaba naso. Eminyakeni eyalandela, ukukhanya waphuma nezinye amanoveli akhe, ikakhulukazi indzaba "The young lady Elsa."

Umlobi futhi yakhetha kudivayisi esithandayo - the Monologue kwangaphakathi Heroine, lapho umfundi uyakwazi ukuqonda Psychology yayo. Intombazanyana, indodakazi ummeli yimpumelelo, ngokungazelelwe uzwa incithakalo kayise, futhi lokhu emenza kokuqagela kakhulu engqondweni mayelana nendlela ukusiza umzali ocele usizo kuye. Engqondweni yakhe, yena onobuhle nokwakhiwa ezihlukahlukene ezimweni, ukhuluma nabantu, futhi ngaleyo ndlela, indaba jikisa Monologue kwangaphakathi Heroine.

eminyakeni yamuva

Ngemva kwempi futhi ukuwa Empire Austro-Hungarian, umbhali wasigcwalisa esithandayo izindikimba isithombe zokuphila pre-impi. Ngakho, endabeni emfushane "Umdlalo entathakusa," protagonist, uLieutenant, indlela izimilo ibutho Austrian ubudala. Nokho, umlobi sina beqonda wokugoqa wombuso futhi yashintsha izisekelo ezindala kanye nendlela yokuphila. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona nobunzima obukhulu ekuphileni kwakhe siqu. Indodakazi yakhe eshadile, ngesikhathi usemncane kakhulu ubudala wazibulala, okuyinto waphuthuma kokufa umlobi. Yena ubulawe yisifo sohlangothi ngo-1931.

Inani

Eyiqiniso nemdlalo luthathe indawo yokuqala izincwadi emhlabeni. Omunye-isenzo kudlala, tindzaba letimfisha, amanoveli Schnitzler baba-mlando yangempela empilweni yamasiko Europe kwekhulunyaka. Abanye abacwaningi baye exhumene imisebenzi yakhe ngokukhamuluka imisebenzi Impressionists nabanye - ne modernists. Ngandlela-thile, kodwa imisebenzi yakhe mikhulu kangakanani ezithakazelisayo ngoba kubonakala empilweni umphakathi wesimanje Hungarian, kokubili ephakeme aphansi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uSathane wasungula umqondo ezincwadi "Monologue angaphakathi ', okuyinto yaba nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni mkhuba ngokwengqondo temibhalo yephrozi. kokuma kwakhe ubuhlobo bothando akuzona kuphela okungokwemvelo, kodwa futhi ukuhlaziywa ngokwengqondo. Kubangelwe lokhu beqashelwa European Arthur Schnitzler. "Runaround", okuqukethwe okuyinto iqoqo uthando izigcawu phakathi kwabantu ezahlukene - isibonelo esihlaba umxhwele kakhulu play, ubonisa isifiso umbhali ukuchaza izici obuseduze yokuphila komuntu.