Arnold uVladimir Igorevich: Biography, umndeni kanye ukuzuzwa kwemiPhumela sezibalo esidumile

Arnold uVladimir Igorevich - kuyinto sezibalo kweSoviet futhi isiRashiya, abasungula le imfundiso yokuziphendukela umehluko zibalo ngokuphathelene, singularities ka okumephiwe bushelelezi, futhi wabhala eziningi imisebenzi ku Mechanics theory kanye nama-yomphindwa.

biography

Arnold uVladimir Igorevich (isithombe posted esihlokweni) wazalwa ngo 12.06.1937 ku Ukraine, edolobheni lase-Odessa.

Nokho, maduzane nje, nomkhaya wakhe bathuthela e-Moscow, lapho sezibalo esizayo wachitha eseyingane. Ngemva kokuphela inombolo Metropolitan School 59 uVladimir Arnold owaba umfundi we Mechanics kanye ne-mathematics Faculty of Moscow State University futhi ngathola iziqu ngempumelelo ngo-1959

Ososayensi Ikusasa lucky. uthisha wakhe kwakungu sezibalo esidumile Andrey Nikolaevich Kolgomorov. Kakade emlandweni wayo weminyaka engu Vladimir Arnold 20 wasikisela ukuthi yimuphi umsebenzi okuqhubekayo ehlanganisa eziguquguqukayo amaningi kungenziwa imelelwa inhlanganisela kwenani elithile imisebenzi. Kungenzeka ukuxazulula inkinga Hilbert sika 13.

MSU wathola i-diploma, u-Arnold, uVladimir Igorevich bekasebenza emzini wakhe eyunivesithi. Esikhathini kusuka 1965 kuya ku-1986, wakhonza njengephayona uprofesa. Ukuba umfundisi ophumelelayo, uVladimir I. baqhuba izifundo zabo nokugcizelelwa esengqondweni iyacaca zokubukwa nokucacisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo abantu wayebacabangela iyasilela kakhulu sitayela lesihlelekile, ukuhlinzeka isitatimende olunembile axioms. Le ndlela ukufunda izibalo ngisho kubhekwe elimazayo. Futhi ukuchaza isayensi esiqondile indlela yakhe, watusa kokubili abafundi kanye nezingane zesikole.

Indawo elandelayo umsebenzi kwaba Steklov Mathematical Institute. Lapha u-Arnold uVladimir Igorevich wasebenza kusukela ngo-1986 kuze kube sezinsukwini zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe. Phakathi nale minyaka, yena wayeqashwe Paris-Dauphine University.

Washona sezibalo Arnold uVladimir Igorevich 03.06.2010 enhloko-dolobha French. In Paris, usosayensi oneminyaka engu-72 ubudala yena welashelwa. UVladimir I. wangena St Antoine Isibhedlela ngobusuku bangaphambi kokufa kwakhe. Nalapho efike wahlinzwa khona, wayengasakwazi ukunyakazisa senziwa.

sezibalo Buried Arnold uVladimir Igorevich 15.06.2010 at Novodevichy Amathuna eMoscow. Eceleni kwakhe oba Academician Vitaly Ginzburg.

umndeni

Yini eyenza ezithakazelisayo ngakho sasisincane kakhulu isazi sesayensi esidumile isiRashiya, ngubani uVladimir I. Arnold biography? Umkhaya Luju ethile yafeza indima ebalulekile ekuphileni kwakhe.

Uyise usosayensi - Igor Vladimirovich Arnold - kwaba udokotela wesayensi Pedagogical. Waphinde waba yilungu ohambelana Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR, uprofesa, isayensi yezibalo kanye nokusebenzisa Methodist. Umkhulu uVladimir Igorevich - Arnold uVladimir Fedorovich - kwaba noSozibalo kanye sezomnotho. Wabhala imisebenzi eminingana ukutadisha izindleko amapulazi futhi amasu agronomic. Mfowethu, ugogo Vladimir Igorevich zoyise - umbhali BS Zhitkov.

Umama ka sezibalo esidumile Russian Arnold UNina wayesemncane i Umhlaziyi wobuciko. ayesebenza khona kwaba Pushkin Museum. UVladimir Igorevich Umkhulu emgqeni komama - Isakovich Aleksandr Solomonovich. Wayengumuntu ummeli kanye uthisha ucwaningo nabo futhi ikhanda ngesikhathi Odessa Research Institute Refrigeration Imboni.

Ohlangothini komama kwaba indodana yomfowabo ka-Vladimir I. physics: Isakovich Mikhail Alexandrovich (Head of the division theory ngesikhathi Acoustics Institute yase-USSR.) Futhi ePharadesi Natalia Alexandrovna ubesebenza njengodokotela umhleli uMnyango physics, okuyinto Itholakala Zonke-Union State Library of ezincwadini zesayensi.

UMfoweth 'Arnolda V I. ugogo emgqeni komama - le-physics esidumile LI Mandelstam. Lokhu isayensi ofanayo uye wanikela ukuphila kwakhe, futhi ngumfowabo sezibalo - Arnold Dmitriy Igorevich.

umsebenzi Academic ekhaya

Waphumelela kangakanani umsebenzi owenziwa uVladimir Igorevich Arnold? Biography wezibalo yakhe kwakuyisiqalo brilliant kakhulu e-USSR, bese - eRussia. Indlela aphumelela ngayo kulo mkhakha ziye ubhekwa e nemibuthano ososayensi ezifuywayo angaphandle.

Kakade 1965, wayengase abe ilungu egcwele Academy of Sciences of-USSR, kodwa imiphumela yokuvota wembula ukuntula ivoti elilodwa nje. ukhetho yakhe wathatha indawo engu-25 kamuva. Isizathu esiyinhloko kwekhefu elide enjalo ihlanganiswa, ngokunokwenzeka kakhulu umbono esizimele usosayensi. UVladimir I. Yaveza imibono yayo phezu okuqukethwe imisebenzi zezibalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi singobani umlobi. Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho izifundiswa waba ngaphansi umlilo ukugxeka kwakhe.

"Encwadi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye ezingadukanga" isithiyo sína umsebenzi wakhe kwaba ngemvume kuye ngo-1968. Kwaba umlayezo sakhiwa evikela logic yaseSoviet yokuthuthela Esenin-Volpin, okuyinto yabekwa ngenkani ukwelashelwa ukuhlukumezeka kwengqondo. Ngalesi isenzo ophikisana nenqubo kahulumeni Arnold avinjwe phesheya. Futhi kuze kube sekupheleni 1980, usosayensi lwalulinganiselwe ekubhekaneni zezibalo angaphandle. Leli qiniso, wacabanga yena uVladimir I., kwaba nethonya elibi ezintweni esizifinyelele yakhe ngokwesayensi.

umsebenzi Academic phesheya

The Jump kwamanani okubangelwa ukushintsha kukahulumeni, uVladimir Igorevich ophoqelelwe ukufuna eminye imithombo imali. Futhi, sikhumbula uhambo eFrance, okwenzeka ngo 1964-1965 GG., Amukela ngayo sipho esingenakuqhathaniswa sokubambisana kwamazwe ne-University of Paris Dauphine.

Kusukela ngo-1976, usosayensi wakhethwa yilungu zokuhlonipha we-Mathematical Society of London, okuyinto uyababazeka kakhulu. In amazwi u-Arnold, iqhaza kule club kwaba ohlonishwa kakhulu ngaphezu kokuba kwenziwe izinto indondo Fields. sezibalo esidumile ubulungu ezinikelwa yidolobha lase-Pontifical Academy. Kodwa wala ke, ecaphuna ukungavumelani ne namanje okungazange kukhanselwe sinqumo, okuyinto ngo-1600 ekhishwe iNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki Dzhordano Bruno.

Ngo-1987, i-V I. Arnolda wakhethwa njengosuku ilungu zokuhlonipha amazwe Academy Wezobuciko Sciences of America. Ngemva konyaka ungeniswe iRoyal Society of London.

Ngo-1990, uVladimir Igorevich wakhethwa Academician we-Academy of Sciences zase-USSR, futhi kusukela ngo-1996 kuya ku-2010 eneminyaka engu-uMongameli we-Moscow Mathematical Society. imisebenzi efanayo eyenziwa Arnold phesheya. Ngakho, kusukela ngo-1996 kuya ku-2002, usosayensi kwaba iphini likamengameli kanye ilungu Executive Committee of the International Mathematical Union.

impumelelo enkulu

Kuyo sezibalo yakhe umsebenzi yesayensi Arnold uVladimir Igorevich kwakufanele nomthelela ku nezinkolelo ezihlukahlukene. Umnikelo main azenzile:

1. Isixazululo omunye ukutolika okungenzeka inkinga Hilbert sika nantathu.
2. Okwazekayo, perturbations amasistimu Hamiltonian. I sesisonke, izindlela, imiphumela nemibono ukuze uthole igama lakho. Namuhla kuba Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser theorem (KAM theory).
3. Ukusetshenziswa izindlela topological ngoba hydrodynamics.
4. Imfundiso yokuziphendukela singularities. Lesi senzakalo kwenza ukuba sokushintsha amasu izici ngezigaba. Imfundiso kuba acebile kakhulu futhi usezuze izicelo eziningi.
5. Esikhathini yomphindwa izinhlobo real-Aljibhra. Arnold ngomunye wabokuqala ukusebenzisa inqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ekutadisheni yomphindwa inikezwe.
6. Encwadini rethinking abagxeka nemiqondo eyisisekelo mayelana integrability we izinhlelo ashukumisayo ezivamile enjalo. Manje lo mqondo has elinye igama. Namuhla, kuyinto integrable ngu Arnold-Liouville.
7. Ngendlela ukwakhiwa imikhaya-matrix. Lo msebenzi kuholele kwezici ukuqonda ifomu Jordan yama-matrices.
8. Umqondo ukwakha okuthiwa yomphindwa symplectic njengenye imithombo cohomology quantum.

Akunakwenzeka ingasaphathwa uhlobo irekhodi ukuthi ukushaya Arnold uVladimir Igorevich. Izilinganiso usosayensi banikezwe ngu zezibalo izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-22 000.

Izindawo womsebenzi

Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-1960, uVladimir Igorevich Arnold uqondisa bonke amandla ayo ukubonakalisa kumadivayisi zomhlaba, asebenzise izindlela zezibalo. Kulokhu, abacwaningi bahlola izinto okuyinto bambalwa abantu bamlalela, usebenzisa ulwazi lwakhe encyclopedic.

UVladimir Igorevich Arnold, impumelelo emkhakheni wezibalo kabani kunzima overestimate, yabeka isisekelo sezinkolo mbono eziningi. Nokho, lapho eveza imibono yakhe wathatha ijamo ecacile, futhi ukukhomba esiqondisweni sabo eyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa, usosayensi Wagudluka. Imisebenzi esemqoka, uVladimir I. kwesokunxele ukuthuthukiswa izingxenye kubafundi balo abaningi ababethanda ozoyisiza bamkholwa.

ithiyori Singularity

Kukhona indawo eyodwa kuphela lapho uVladimir Igorevich Arnold (yomlando wakhe kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa izibalo) wasebenza yonke imibuzo kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni. Lo mbono Singularity. isisekelo salo nokuthuthukiswa bekulindeleke ukuthi u-Arnold, esikoleni sakhe futhi ukubamba iqhaza abacwaningi kweSoviet Union kanye nozakwabo bakwamanye amazwe.

Kwezinye izincwadi Western, le misebenzi baziwa "njengelinye nenhlekelele theory". Kuyinto legatsha wezibalo echaza iyiphi noshintsho olusheshayo ukuthi kwenzeka kunoma yiluphi uhlelo ngenxa ngeziphambeko ezincane kusukela uthi yasekuqaleni.

Ngokwesibonelo, i-Winter imoto. Le divayisi ayikwazi uhlanganiswe kalula ekhaya kusuka imininingwane kunalokho elula - ephepheni, amakhadibhodi, ipenseli iraba ezimbili.

umshini Zeeman kuyinto uhlelo isibonelo lapho ingozi engenzeka. Ngo ipensela iraba thuluzi elihlobene ne-disc ujikelezisa amakhadibhodi. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhamba kwayo abushelelezi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, ekuphenduleni noshintsho oluncane nje ohlelweni spurts. Lokhu ukuntengantenga kungabonakala nasemkhakheni izinhlelo eziningi.

Le ndawo yolwazi ithatha izingqondo abacwaningi abaningi. Ukuzinza kanye nokuntengantenga kohlelo singasebenza the zibalo echaza ukuvela emakethe futhi icubungula yokudluliswa ukushisa. Isixazululo yalomsebenti kuzovumela ukubikezela yimuphi umkhuba ukuziphatha Kuneziteshi zamandla enuzi, aluqinile kuphela, kodwa futhi kwimodi inhlekelele.

Arnold uVladimir Igorevich akulona umsunguli yaleli gatsha wesayensi zezibalo. Ubaba "nenhlekelele theory" ubhekwa Thom. Nokho, liyincwadi yakudala lalotshwa usosayensi Russian anikezelwe kule ndawo. igama Ezazimzungezile - "Bona nenhlekelele Theory".

Izihloko kanye nemiklomelo

Bright abasha sezibalo liphumele inzuzo kwalinganiselwa nguhulumende. Ngo-1960 yena yanikezelwa umklomelo we-Moscow Mathematical Society. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu V I. Arnolda futhi AM Kolmogorov kuphawulwe umsebenzi wakhe ngemfundiso KAM. Ososayensi ehlonishwayo Lenin Prize. Thola umklomelo ephakeme e-USSR kwaba akunakwenzeka.

Recognition sokunconywa yabo kanye nososayensi akuthola kuvela ezweni umphakathi zezibalo. Ngo-1974, e-Vancouver, kanye ngo-1983 e Warsaw, ayefunde khona imibiko International Congress of zezibalo. Special inkulumo isigamu sehora V I. Arnolda senzeka ngo 1966 eMoscow.

Ngo-1982, u-Arnold wabelane nge Nirenberg (USA) kabusha eyasungulwa Swedish Academy of Sciences, kodwa ngokushesha baba umklomelo ohlonishwa Krafordskuyu. Nokho, ubuholi beqembu wase-USSR ayizange it Stockholm ukuyithola.

Ngo-2001, uVladimir Igorevich Wolf Prize waklonyeliswa. Yena usosayensi waklonyeliswa umsebenzi asebenzayo futhi siyathela ezindaweni ezahlukene wezibalo.

Ngo-2007, u-Arnold wayephakathi ababethole lokuqala Prize State yeRussia. Ngemva konyaka lapho waklonyeliswa "Asian uMklomelo KaNobel." Kwaba Shaw Prize, okuyinto wahlukanisa nge L. D. Faddeevym owawungumnyaka ukuqashelwa elilandelayo global impumelelo Arnold.

ukushicilelwa

Kanye imisebenzi yesayensi Arnold uVladimir Igorevich wabhala isihloko. Kushicilelwe emaphephandabeni nakomagazini nezingxoxo sezibalo owaziwa.

Abaningi Arnold zihloko zangithinta phezu isihloko kwezemfundo. Usosayensi wagxeka ohlelweni lwezemfundo emazweni angaphandle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo sibhekelela izinkinga lemfundo zezibalo ezikoleni zendawo. Usosayensi waveza umbono wakhe omubi mayelana "bekrema" izingane imisebenzi ethile.

Arnold futhi wabhala incwadi uVladimir I.. Le misebenzi kuvame imisebenti legcile yakhe nocwaningo. Kodwa lapha, akazange bayakhohlwa esizukulwaneni esisha. Ngakho, enye yezincwadi eyabhalwa Arnold uVladimir Igorevich - ". Izinselelo izingane kusukela eminyakeni emi-5 kuya kweyi-15" Ake sicabangele ke kabanzi.

A hambo oluthakazelisayo zibe isayensi ngqo

Okumangalisayo kokuqukethwe yayo liyincwadi, eyabhalwa Arnold uVladimir Igorevich - "Izinselelo izingane kusukela eminyakeni emi-5 kuya ku-15." Izimpendulo zemibuzo eminingi equkethwe kuwo elula ukuthola izingane oneminyaka emihlanu kuka "udonse" zesikole noma abafundi. Nge nobunzima ukuba baxazulule izinkinga ezinjalo futhi osolwazi kanye abazuza izindondo zikaNobel kanye Fields.

Umqondo ukubhala le ncwadi wazalwa ngo entwasahlobo ka-2004 e-Paris. Kulapho nezihlakaniphi Russian abahlala eFrance, u-Arnold wacelwa ukuba basize izingane zabo e yokufuna esisokayo yendabuko ukucabanga yeRussia. Ukukholwa kwenziwe usosayensi, yilokhu kudingeka ahlakulele kubantu abadala ukucabanga ezimele mayelana elula, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinkinga ezinzima.

Le ncwajana kuhlanganisa 77 imisebenzi eyakhiwa noma lakhethwa ngumlobi. Isinqumo iningi labo abamdingi nolwazi olukhethekile ukuthi uhambe ngalé esikoleni. Incwadi yakhe uVladimir I. ziqondiswe esikoleni kanye nezingane zesikole, abafundi kanye nothisha. Kumele yokutholwa nalabo abazali abacabanga imfundo yengane yabo ingxenye esiyisibopho isiko yokucabanga komuntu.

Nasi isibonelo esisodwa imisebenzi edingekayo ukwenza ukuvulwa encane. Eshalofini izincwadi kukhona imiqulu emibili ye imisebenzi Pushkin. I ukujiya ngayinye Amakhasi kuyinto 2 cm Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi ikhava amabhuku -. 2 mm ngamunye. Ekhasini lokuqala ivolumu 1 wayehlezi bookworm. Wabe esidla izihluzu ngokusebenzisa indlela ibanga lemfisha, futhi kwaba ekhasini lokugcina ivolumu 2. Uyini enanini lomsebenzi azenzile ibanga?

Lokhu yomphindwa emangalisayo (Jomethri) inkinga, okuyinto abasabeli ngempela ezingalindelekile abantu abaningi - 4 mm. Uyakwazi ajabhise abaningi abazuza izindondo zikaNobel, kodwa izingane zasenkulisa, ngubani usengenza okutholakele, ukubhekana nakho ngokuvamile esihle.