Uyini mesoderm, futhi yini okungukuthi yayo ukuthuthukiswa?

Embryogenesis - inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, esibonakala by ukwakheka kancane kancane lezitho nezicubu. Iningi eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi, igciwane umbungu siqukethe izingqimba ezintathu: yi-ectoderm, endoderm, ne-mesoderm. Uyini mesoderm? Futhi skeleton chitin ka eyisinambuzane kanye epidermis kwesikhumba, nesimiso sezinzwa ningabaleli ectodermal imvelaphi. Wokugaya ukudla, endocrine kanye izinhlelo zokuphefumula akhiwa kusukela endoderm. Pho-ke, kwezitho nezicubu kuphakamisa mesoderm? Njengoba kwakhiwa it is?

Uyini-mesoderm. definition

Noma yimuphi izicubu noma isitho uhlelo kumiswa ungqimba ezithile amaseli umbungu. Uyini mesoderm? Ngo biology, incazelo ukuthi ingenye izingqimba lwegciwane, kusukela lapho phakathi embryogenesis akha inombolo lezitho nezicubu. igama Okwesibili mesoderm - mezoblast. Ukwakheka lesi sendlalelo esivamile izilwane kakhulu ezinamangqamuzana amaningi (ngaphandle: uhlobo indwangu futhi uhlobo Coelenterates).

Mesoderm elise phakathi yi-ectoderm futhi endoderm. Ngamunye engumakhelwane izingqimba zamagciwane iqhaza kumiswa mezoblasta. Ngakho, izinhlobo ezimbili umsuka secrete lesemkhatsini we-embryonic ungqimba: entomesoderm, ekzomezoderma. Kukhona futhi izimo lapho kumiswa mezoblasta iqhaza kanye kokubili izakhiwo.

Mesoderm njengenhlangano ezimele leaf embryonic Kumiswa at the stage of gastrulation.

Mesoderm kumiswa. Izici kumiswa

Uyini mesoderm? Ngo biology, kucatshangwa ukuthi uhlaka a ezinamangqamuzana amaningi isilwane embryogenesis ngamunye kwakhiwa elinye izingqimba lwegciwane. Kumiswa mesoderm - ejwayelekile aramorfoz uhlobo Flatworms, .. T Ukuze Ekuqaleni akha umkhatsi ungqimba kweqiniso germinal. Thayipha Izipanji futhi uhlobo Coelenterates ezimela bilayer izilwane embryogenesis kwakhiwa kuphela yi-ectoderm futhi endoderm.

Kushiwo ngamuphi umqondo ukuthi ukwakheka mesoderm?

Kunezindlela ezintathu imfundo mezoblasta.

1. Teloblastichesky. Protostomes nobuntu izilwane. kwakhiwa iseli ngalinye kusukela teloblastov mesoderm, okuyinto amanga phakathi ecto- futhi endoderm. Ngenxa yalokho ezimbili emapheshana eduze mesoderm lwegciwane umbungu.
2. Enterocoel. Le ndlela ukwakheka mesoderm kuyinto ejwayelekile deuterostome kakhulu (kruglorotnye, inhlanzi, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni). Mesoderm amaseli akhiwa ahlukene izingxenye bakudala esiswini.
3. Kusukela yi-ectoderm. Le ndlela Kuye kwatholakala izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo. engavamile Its Owadala mesoderm is by invagination we yi-ectoderm.

Isakhiwo mesoderm

Uyini mesoderm? Lena akuyona nje qoqo lamangqamuzana ezifanayo, futhi umahluko phakathi eziningana neminyango nemisebenzi yokusetshenziswa ungqimba imbewu. Ukwahlukana mezoblasta kwenzeka kancane kancane, okuholela ezindaweni ezilandelayo abelwe:

1. kwakhiwa pair of kumiswa iribhoni-like phakathi okuyinto lonke - - Somites secondary umzimba ingaphakathi. Phikelela annelids kanye eyisinambuzane.
2. I rudiment we notochord - mesoderm sakhiwo, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo esiholela kuzithinta. Isici esiphawulekayo ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla.
3. Ngo ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla, somites akhiwa sclerotome ngamunye, dermatitis kanye myotome.
4. Splanchnotome - ohlangothini ipuleti okuyinto selihlukene laba izingqimba ezimbili ezihlukene: ongaphakathi futhi yangaphandle. Phakathi yezilwane ezinomgogodla eyakheke iyonke.
5. Nephrotomy - isakhiwo abhanqiwe yokuxhuma splanhnostomy.

Ngemva kokuhlola kwesigaba lwegciwane ungqimba ngayinye, ososayensi bakwazi ukunquma ukuthi liyini-mesoderm, futhi ukuqonda ukuthi yini ukusebenza ukuthi sisebenza.

histogenesis

Mesoderm kuphakamisa izinhlobo eziningana kwezicubu.

1. Parenchyma flatworms, okuwugcwalisile isikhala phakathi emizimbeni. It kwakhiwa kusukela mesoderm.
2. Ezinye izicubu EPITHELIAL ukumboza nezinhlangano zangaphandle. Lezi zihlanganisa amaseli secretory, endocrine kanye exocrine indlala.
3. Mesoderm kwakhiwa kusukela okuxekethile fibrous futhi obukhulu fibrous ezicutshini. Kubandakanya ukwakhiwa collagen kanye imicu enwebekayo yezicubu.
4. Amangqamuzana egazi nazo kwakhiwa kusukela mesoderm.
5. Bone bese uqwanga izicubu, izakhi zabo abamelwe zinomsuka mesodermal.
6. Ngu Isifaniso izakhi kumiswa igazi, mesoderm futhi behileleke ukwakheka kwamaseli kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni.
7. Zonke izinhlobo kwemisipha izicubu. imisipha Smooth kuthiwa ezindongeni kwezitho kakhulu. Imicu yotshani Striated kukhona izakhi isakhi imisipha yohlaka. Ungakhohlwa mayelana striated inhliziyo kwemisipha izicubu, esiyingxenye imisipha yenhliziyo.

organogenesis

Izicubu zakha izingxenye, Ngakho-ke, hhayi kunzima ukuqagela ukuthi imiphi ka mesodermal imvelaphi. Ukwahlukaniswa kunikezwa kumasayithi mesoderm:

• dermatomes - ifomu isikhumba dermis (umjuluko nezindlala sebaceous kukhona ingxenye isikhumba);
• sclerotomes kwakhiwa kusukela ingxenye yokwenziwa we appatara zemisipha (skeleton);
• ka myotomes ngokulandelana, - engxenyeni asebenzayo of the system zemisipha (imisipha);
• splanhnostomy zisenza sibe le mesothelium - ungqimba epithelium elilodwa imigqa yesibili umzimba umgodi;
• nephrostomy amaseli akha uhlelo excretory futhi zokuzala.

izitho Provisory Lokudabuka mesodermal

Kuwufanele Ukukhuluma labo izitho ezisebusweni at ezahlukene izigaba ontogeny elahleka emva ukusebenza yayo imisebenzi. Zibizwa ngokuthi okwesikhashana. Lezi zihlanganisa:

1. Amnion - omunye ulwelwesi we-embryo, okhona njengamanje owenza umsebenzi eziningana ezibalulekile. Eyokuqala ukuzibekela zasemanzini imvelo sokuthuthukiswa umbungu. Isizathu siwukuthi ukwakheka komzimba kufanele ubanjwe emanzini. Ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ophilayo emhlabathini, amanzi kuleli cala kuyisici nokukhawulela, ngakho ngo inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ubumbe lokhu igobolondo. Amnion futhi ivikela izithelo ekulimaleni, silondoloze njalo imvelo ngokulondoloza usawoti lokuhlushwa ngesikhathi njalo ezingeni futhi ivikela umbungu emiphumeleni anobuthi izinto.
2. Allantois - komunye umzimba umbungu lapho wenza kokubili imisebenzi okunomsoco nokuphefumula kwezimila. Ngu imvelaphi kuyinto yayifanekisela nomxhantela ye-yolk sac, okusho ukuthi ibuye ezakhiwe amaseli endoderm ne-mesoderm. Ngo abantu allantois okungukuthi kancane athuthukile kunamanye amalungu yezilwane ezinomgogodla, kodwa okukuwo igazi izitsha bese iwela izicubu we enkabeni intambo.
3. Isikhuphasha sac. Lokhu umzimba yesikhashana iqukethe umsoco ludingeka ekuthuthukisweni kwe-fetus. Ngo ukwakheka isikhuphasha sac mesoderm amaseli bese angenele futhi endoderm. Isici ezithakazelisayo Ukwakheka kwezitho zomzimba ngenjongo egazi lokuqala emzimbeni.
4. umzanyana (umzanyana) - uxhuma embungwini placenta.
5. Chorion - umbungu emgodleni nge okuyinto okunamathiselwe kwesibeletho kanye ukubunjwa placenta.
6. Placenta - isitho kuphela izicubu womuntu kwakhiwa eziphilayo ezimbili: umama umbungu. Kusukela egazini lika-omama ngokusebenzisa placenta umbungu uthola izakhi kanye nomoya-mpilo.

imisebenzi mesoderm

Sesihlole lokho mesoderm. Yiziphi nemisebenzi ungqimba igciwane?

ukuthuthukiswa mesoderm ukuvumele flatworms ugcwalise izikhala phakathi emizimbeni ijwabu parenchymal. Ngo kakhudlwana ukuthuthukela eziphilayo parenchyma cha, kodwa isimiso okungukuthi efanayo: mesodermal umsuka kwezicubu ifomu umngcele izingqimba phakathi emizimbeni. Mezoblasta umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu Ukwakheka kwezitho zesikhashana we-embryo (allantois, umzanyana, yi-placenta, njll ...) Futhi mesoderm amaseli akha imvelo yangaphakathi kwezicubu, igazi lymph.

isiphetho

Manje ungakwazi ukuchaza ngokugcwele lokho mesoderm. Wakhe imfundo ukuvumele izilwane ukuze hambisa entsha komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane, njengoba kufakazelwa umsuka eziningi kwezitho nezicubu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka ulwelwesi amniotic okubangelwa eqa qualitative ekuthuthukiseni yezilwane ezinomgogodla. Ngenxa yalokho, i-mesoderm okungukuthi obalulekile yokuziphendukela kwemvelo isici.