Amino acid - ufunani? amino acid ekudleni. Ukusabela nezakhiwo amino acid

Emvelweni, kunamaqembu amabili izinto: organic wezinto ezingaphili. Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa ama yingxube njenge-hydrocarbon, alkynes, alkenes, alcohols, lipids, nezinye acid nucleic, amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate, amino acid. Ziyini lezi izinto, siyobe ukumboza kulesi sihloko. Ukwakheka kwazo zonke organic compounds ngempela kuhlanganisa ama-athomu carbon futhi hydrogen. Bangase aqukethe Oxygen, Sulphur, nitrogen nezinye izakhi. Isayensi ukuthi study amaprotheni, acid, oxides, amino acid - Chemistry. It ihlola izakhiwo kanye nezici iqembu izinto ngayinye.

amino acid - Ziyini lezi izinto?

Zibalulekile kakhulu emzimbeni yanoma isiphi isidalwa esiphilayo emhlabeni, njengoba ayingxenye izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu - amaprotheni. Sekukonke kukhona amabili nanye acid acid kuyiphi lezi zakhi akhiwa. Ukwakheka kuhlanganisa ngamunye athomu hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon futhi oxygenation. Isakhiwo amakhemikhali lezi izinto ine acid NH2, okuvela kulo igama.

Indlela amaprotheni akhiwa amino acid?

Lezi izinto eziphilayo ikhiqizwa ngezinyathelo ezine, isakhiwo sabo siqukethe izakhiwo lokuqala, lesibili, ephakeme kanye quaternary. Kusukela ngamunye wabo incike izakhiwo ezithile amaprotheni. Primary inquma inani nokuhleleka amino acid yokuhlala, elise iketango polypeptide. Okwesibili kuyinto alpha-Helix noma i-beta-isakhiwo. Okokuqala kwakhiwa ngenxa kuhlanekezela iketango polypeptide futhi okuvela kuyo i-hydrogen izibopho ngaphakathi okufanayo. Lesi sakamuva - ngenxa ubudlelwano nesenzakalo phakathi kwamaqembu amabili e-athomu omoya-ezahlukene polypeptide ngamaketanga. isakhiwo Tertiary - kuhlobene-alpha-Helix ne-beta-isakhiwo. Kungaba amafomu amabili: fibrillar futhi globular. Eyokuqala intambo eside. Amaphrotheni nge isakhiwo esinjalo kukhona fibrin, myosin ezitholakala kwemisipha izicubu, kanye nabanye. Eyesibili ine uhlobo ikhoyili, a amaprotheni globular zihlanganisa, isibonelo, insulin, i-hemoglobin nabanye abaningi. Emzimbeni izidalwa eziphilayo ukuze zamagama amaprotheni kusukela ama-amino acid sihambisana ekhethekile cell organelles - ribosomes. Ulwazi mayelana amaprotheni okumele elakhiwe, okubhalwe DNA futhi idluliselwe ribosomes ngu RNA.

Yiziphi amino acid?

Compounds okuyinto akhiwa amaprotheni, bonke ubunjalo amabili nanye. Ezinye zazo bayakwazi synthesize umzimba womuntu phakathi umzimba (umzimba), kuyilapho abanye - akukho. Ngokuvamile, ngokwemvelo kukhona amino acid: histidine, valine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, cysteine, tyrosine, arginine, alanine, glutamine, asparagine, glycine, proline, carnitine, ornithine, taurine, noSerine. I zokuqala eziyisishiyagalolunye amino acid ezibalwe ngenhla esisemqoka. Kukhona futhi uslovnonezamenimye - nalezo umzimba ungasebenzisa esikhundleni kubalulekile ezimweni ezibucayi. Lokhu, isibonelo, tyrosine, futhi cysteine. Eyokuqala ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni phenylalanine, kanti eyesibili - uma kungenjalo methionine. ama-amino acid abalulekile ekudleni - imfuneko of ukudla okunempilo.

Yini ukudla Iquketheni?

• Valine - inyama, inhlanzi.
• Histidine - iphalishi nokunye okufana nokolweni, okusanhlamvu, inhlanzi obomvu, inyama yengulube, nezinkukhu.
• Isoleucine - amaqanda, inyama, inhlanzi, ubisi, ushizi, cottage shizi.
• Leucine - kuyafana ukuthi we isoleucine.
• Methionine - okusanhlamvu, amantongomane, walnuts, pistachios, okusanhlamvu.
• Threonine - inyama, okusanhlamvu, amakhowe.
• Tryptophan - turkey, unogwaja, inyama yengulube, mackerel.
• Phenylalanine - inyama, ubhontshisi, uphizi, amalentili, soy, inhlanzi, ushizi, ubisi, ushizi.

Zonke ezinye amino acid kule ukudla sokudliwa abantu, futhi angeke athweswe, ngoba umzimba ulakho ukukhipha bebodwa, kodwa namanje kungakuhle ukuthi ezinye zazo eze ukudla. Iningi kubalulekile amino acid eziqukethwe umkhiqizo ofanayo njengoba kubalulekile, okungukuthi, inyama, inhlanzi, ubisi - ukuthi ukudla okuyinto ecebile amaprotheni.

Iqhaza amino ngamunye acid emzimbeni womuntu

Ngayinye yalezi izinto eyenza umsebenzi othize emzimbeni. I kubalulekile kakhulu amino acid ezigcwele zokuphila kubalulekile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo okuqukethwe kwabo eliningi eyanele. Njengoba amabhlogo wokwakha eyinhloko somzimba wethu ingamanzi iprotheni, kungashiwo ukuthi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi kudingekile kukhona amino acid. Yiziphi kubalulekile, manje sizobe ukukutshela. Njengoba iye wawulotshwe ngenhla uthi, leli qembu amino acid kukhona histidine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan. Ngayinye yalezi zamakhemikhali kudlala indima ethize emzimbeni. Ngokwesibonelo, valine kuyadingeka ekukhuleni efanele, ngakho kumele okunoshukela nokuqukethwe kwalo equkethwe eziningi ezanele ekudleni kwezingane, intsha kanye abasubathi abafuna ukwandisa lokuhlushwa yemisipha. Histidine libuye indima ebalulekile - abahilelekile kwezicubu kokuzalwa ingxenye-hemoglobin (yingakho okuqukethwe kwakhe ongaphakeme egazini Kunconywa ukwandisa inani nokunye okufana nokolweni idliwe). Leucine kuyadingeka ukuba behlise isidumbu sayo synthesize amaprotheni, kanye nokugcina umsebenzi wamasosha omzimba ezingeni elifanele. Lysine - ngaphandle ketshezi umzimba nje ngeke amunce i-calcium, ngakho ngeke sivumele ukuntula le acid acid - ukukufaka ekudleni izinhlanzi okwengeziwe, ushizi kanye neminye imikhiqizo yobisi. Tryptophan kwakudingeka ukuba ukhiqize uvithamini B, kanye amahomoni elawula ukulamba kanye nemizwelo. Le into likhona izingoma ekukhuthazeni ukuthula futhi uqede ukuqwasha. Phenylalanine isetshenziswa umzimba ukuba ukhiqize amahomoni ezifana adrenaline futhi tyrosine. Lokhu kwaziswa kungasisiza futhi ukuba yingxenye amalungiselelo wezokwelapha lesiniketwe abanenkinga yokuqwasha noma ukucindezeleka.

amino acid ngokuya yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali

Usuvele uyakwazi ukuthi izingxenye amaprotheni izinto ezibalulekile ukuze abantu - kuyinto acid acid. Yini lezi zakhi, sixoxisane kakade, manje thina uqhubekela izakhiwo zabo zamakhemikhali.

I chemical izakhiwo amino acid

Ngamunye wabo Uyi kancane ubuntu, nakuba enifana ngazo. Njengoba indlela yokwakheka amino acid zingahluka futhi zihlanganisa yamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, futhi izakhiwo ukuhluka. Common bonke izinto athribhuthi iqembu yikhono cindezela ukwakha peptides. Futhi ama-amino acid kungaba asabela nge oxide acid, kanjalo zakha isimiso hydroxy acid, amanzi kanye nitrogen. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxubana kanye alcohols. Lokhu yakha usawoti hydrochloric i ester namanzi. Ukuze lesi simo sidinga khona njengoba kulethe ka hydrochloric acid kule gaseous isimo ekuhlanganisweni.

Kanjani ukuze embule yobukhona babo?

Kukhona ekhethekile ukucacisa khona kwalezi izinto ukusabela qualitative of amino acid. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthola cysteine, udinga ukwengeza phambili acetate, bese usebenzisa ukushisa kanye imvelo ane-alikhali. Kulokhu, kufanele kumiswa sulphide phambili, okuyinto kusheshisa abamnyama. Futhi isibalo amino acid e isixazululo kungaba azimisele ngokungeza oxide acid. Funda is bekhululiwe ivolumu nitrogen.