Amazwi Primordially Russian waboleka: izibonelo. namagama avela kwezinye izilimi

Esinye sezigaba iyona etymology silulumagama, ukutadisha umsuka amagama isizinda izinguquko lonke nesilulumagama selulwimi. Primordially Russian futhi emagama labolekiwe ezibhekwa nje ngokombono etymology. Lawa izingqimba ezimbili, okungaba uhlukanise yonke nesilulumagama selulwimi isiRashiya, ngokuya imvelaphi. Lesi sigaba isichazamazwi inikeza impendulo yombuzo kanjani leli zwi, ukuthi lisho ukuthini, kuphi futhi nini Ibitshelekiwe, futhi izinguquko zabhekana.

Silulumagama Russian

Wonke amazwi akhona ngolimi, ubheke silulumagama. Ngosizo lwabo, esilibiza ezahlukene izinto, imicimbi, izenzo, izimpawu, izinombolo, nokunye. D.

Silulumagama wachaza ngokufaka Slavic izilimi ohlelweni, okwenza kube khona i banemvelaphi eyodwa nokuthuthukiswa. silulumagama Russian busekelwe esidlule sezizwe zakwa Slavic, futhi phakathi namakhulu eminyaka iye yasungula nabantu. Lokhu okuthiwa amazwi bomdabu okuyinto zikhona isikhathi eside.

Futhi kukhona ungqimba silulumagama yesibili: amagama kufika kithi evela kwezinye izilimi ngenxa nesenzakalo kwezibopho zomlando.

Ngakho, uma sicabangela silulumagama kusukela iphuzu imvelaphi, kungenzeka ukwehlukanisa amagama bomdabu isiRashiya, waboleka. Izibonelo amagama womabili la maqembu ethulwa ngolimi inqwaba.

Umsuka amazwi Russian

silulumagama Russian siqukethe ezingaphezu kuka 150,000 amazwi. Ake sibone ukuthi yini amazwi abizwa ngokuthi Russian bomdabu.

Primordially isichazamazwi Russian has izigaba eziningana:

1. Esikhathini sokuqala, omdala, kuhlanganisa amazwi elisho imiqondo enjalo, okuyizinto zonke izilimi (uyise, unina, inyama, impisi kanye nabanye);
2. Akha uqimba ka Proto-Slavic amagama evame ukubuzwa yibo bonke izizwe Slavic (pine, ukolo, indlu, inkukhu, kvass, ushizi, njll ...) yesibili;
3. Isihlanganisi wesithathu ifomu amazwi uvele inkulumo Eastern lwamaSlav kusukela ka VI-VII (amnyama, nendodakazi, indawo yamathuna, amaprotheni, namuhla);
4. Iqembu yesine - empeleni amagama Russian uvele ekupheleni XVI-XVII eminyaka (ujamu isiphepho esikhulu seqhwa, amahlathi, ngisiphule okudliwa, usuku olulodwa, umeselande, umshayeli, nenkohliso, inhlanzeko, njll ...).

Inqubo wokuboleka

Ngo ngolimi lwethu ahlalisane amazwi bomdabu Russian waboleka. Lokhu kungenxa ekuthuthukiseni zomlando wezwe.

Njengoba abantu baseRussia ubudala engena zabantu, izigaba zezomnotho sezombusazwe, sezempi, ubudlelwane izindlela zokuhwebelana namanye amazwe. It is ngempela ngokwemvelo kwaholela eqinisweni olimini lwethu amazwi ashiwo abantu, nabo sibambisana. Uma kungenjalo, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba baqonde nomunye.

Nge lezi zilimi ukuboleka Russified ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kufakwe iqembu yamagama, futhi thina ayekile bakucabange ngabo njengoba angaphandle. Wonke umuntu ejwayelene amazwi anjengokuthi "ushukela", "okugeza", "isishoshovu", "wokubambisana", "isikole", nabanye abaningi.

amazwi Native Russian waboleka futhi ephila ngakho ngenhla, isikhathi eside futhi babe ingxenye yokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke, futhi kusisize ukuba inkulumo yethu.

amazwi Foreign ngolimi Russian

Ukuthola olimini lwethu, emagama angaphandle kuye kudingeke ukuba bashintshe. Bayashintsha kuthinta izinhlangothi ezahlukene: the amafonethiki, morphology, engasho lutho. Ukuboleka angaphansi kwemithetho yethu neziqondiso. Kulezi mazwi kukhona ushintsho ezikhumulweni, e tijobelelo, ukushintsha ubulili. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "ephalamende" babe wesilisa, futhi isiJalimane, lavelaphi - isilinganiso.

Kungase ukushintsha incazelo kwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "umdwebi" thina likhombisa isisebenzi kanye German - a "umdwebi."

Ukushintsha engasho lutho. Kwenta sibonelo, emagama loan, "okusemathinini", "olandelanayo" futhi "emthethweni" ziye kufika kithi evela ngezilimi ezahlukene futhi ngalutho. Kodwa ngolimi lwakhe lwendabuko, isiFulentshi, Latin kanye isiNtaliyane, ngokulandelana, bafika ezisusela olimini lwesiLatin kufanele "londoloza".

Ngakho, kubalulekile ukwazi kuyiphi ulimi emagama labolekiwe. Kuyokusiza ukucacisa ukuthi asho ukuthini lucebe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukwazi amazwi bomdabu Russian waboleka e nesilulumagama mass, okuyinto sisebenzisa nsukuzonke. Ngenxa yale njongo, kukhona izichazamazwi, okuyinto elicwengwé inshokutsi umsuka igama ngalinye.

Ukwahlukanisa amazwi loan

Amaqembu amabili emagama labolekiwe amele uhlobo oluthile:

• zazivela ulimi lwesiSlavic;
• othathwe ezilimini okungezona Slavic.

Njengoba iqembu lokuqala mass esikhulu enze staroslavyanizmy - amazwi, linqoba kusukela ekhulwini IX ngo izincwadi esontweni. Futhi amazwi manje kwandile ezifana "isiphambano", "yonke" "amandla", "ubuhle", njll Abaningi staroslavyanizmy babe Russian analogue ( "izihlathi." - "izihlathi", "umlomo" - "izindebe" nabanye. ) abelwe ifonotiki ( "amasango" - "esangweni"), morphological ( "umusa", "umsizi"), semantic ( "igolide" - "igolide") staroslavyanizmy.

Iqembu lesibili siqukethe kwemali evela kwezinye izilimi, kuhlanganise:

• Latin (emkhakheni wesayensi, nokuphila emphakathini, ezombusazwe - "isikole": "Republic", "Corporation");
• NgesiGreki (yasendlini - "umbhede", "isidlo", imigomo - "elifanayo", "silulumagama");
• Western Europe (wezempi - "HQ", "ubusosha" yobuciko - "Iyizeli", "landscape", imigomo lokufundela ukushayela imikhumbi - "isikebhe", "Shipyard" "kaseyili" imigomo zomculo - "Aria", "Libretto");
• Turk (e 'Iparele "," Caravan' isiko kanye ukuhweba 'nensimbi');
• ZaseScandinavia (yasendlini - "ihange", "isiswebhu") amazwi.

Dictionary of Amagama Foreign

Lexicology - isayensi eqondile kakhulu. Lapha konke ngokucacile olwakhiwe. Zonke amazwi zihlukaniswe amaqembu, kuncike inkomba, ke wakha isisekelo.

Primordially amazwi Russian waboleka zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili ngesisekelo etymology, okusho imvelaphi.

Kukhona izichazamazwi ahlukahlukene ukuthi kuhlangabezanwe nalemigomo ethize. Ngakho, ungabiza isichazamazwi kwamagama angaphandle, elinezibonelo yolunye ulimi elafika kithi amakhulu amaningi eminyaka. manje abaningi kulamagama ziqondakala njengoba Russian. Isichazamazwi sichaza okushiwo futhi kubonisa lapho izwi eyafika ilandelana ngayo kithi.

Dictionary kwamagama angaphandle zezwe lethu yonke indaba. Eyokuqala yasungulwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalombili, kwaba ngesandla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwafika isichazamazwi emithathu ivolumu, olwasungulwa N. Janowski. Ngo zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili kwakukhona lonke uchungechunge izichazamazwi angaphandle.

Phakathi best kusengathiwa "Isikole Dictionary of Amagama Foreign" eyaziwa, eyahlelwa VV Ivanova. Okufakiwe isichazamazwi ngokuthi ulwazi ngemvelaphi amazwi, banikezwe incazelo lichaza ukuthini, Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa, inkulumo esitebeleni naye.