Amasampula emoyeni egumbini. Izindlela emoyeni amasampuli

Ukuze sithole lokuhlushwa izidakamizwa eziyingozi kuyadingeka ukuze wenze ukukhetha ukuqala amasampuli emoyeni. Le nqubo kubaluleke kakhulu futhi wasakha ngokucophelela okukhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngisho ne inembe kunazo ukuhlaziywa Imiphumela ayilungile ukopha womoya uhlanekezelwe. Ngoba kukhona eziningi nezimfuneko zale nqubo:

• Udinga ukuthola isampula, okuhambelana Ukwakheka langempela emoyeni;
• buthelela isampuli oyifunayo inani ketshezi oyifunayo ukuba kutholakale egunjini lokucwaninga esibhedlela.

Air amasampuli kuxhomeke ezicini eziningana:

• isimo wokuhlanganisa into imvelo (i aerosol ukufingqa, igesi, umusi);
• kungenzeka chemical ukuxhumana into ne ezizungezile imvelo asemkhathini;
• Inani izinto emoyeni;
• ucwaningo indlela.

Phakathi nocwaningo elabhorathri usebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene emoyeni izibonelo zalokho. Okuvame kakhulu - nenshisekelo futhi indlela Ukukhetha bomkhumbi.

nenshisekelo indlela

Kuyindlela ezivamile emikhubeni inhlanzeko. Isici le ndlela liqukethe nenshisekelo. Ngamanye amazwi, it is uphenyo emoyeni filtration usebenzisa izinto ezikhethekile ekwazi ukuncela isithako ezithile zonke therethrough odlulayo. Le nto wathi medium umswakama. Okumbi nenshisekelo emoyeni amasampuli indlela:

• Lokhu kuwumsebenzi onzima kakhulu.
• Kuthatha isikhathi eside (mayelana 30 imizuzu). Phakathi nale nkathi singenzeka lokuhlushwa isilinganiso into enobuthi. A lokuhlushwa wayefisa izinto imvelo emoyeni sishintsha ngokushesha. Izindlela emoyeni amasampuli kwenziwe ochwepheshe.

Ukukhethwa ezitsheni

Le ndlela libhekene ijubane layo uma igijima. Isetshenziselwa lapho kungagcini esincane test emoyeni futhi akukho isidingo ukuqongelela the analyte elifiswayo isampula. Ngakho lapho ukhetha tintfo tekuphatsa letehlukene esetshenziswa nezitsha: amasilinda, amabhodlela, imijovo kanye nemithi igesi pipettes iraba ekamelweni. Lokhu ukwenza amasampuli amasu emoyeni kuyinto ebucayi kakhulu futhi kunembile.

Ngo umkhuba lusebenzisa izinhlobo eziningana vacuum cleaner omkhathi. Indlela elula wabo - amanzi. Le divayisi umoya izibonelo zalokho siqukethe yebhangqa ezifanayo glass amabhodlela, okuyinto pre-ulinganiswe. Lezi zitsha ziqukethe amalitha mayelana 3-6, ukuvalwa ukuvimba zazo ngemibhobho emibili ingilazi zitholakala. Omunye wabo lide futhi ifinyelela phansi ibhodlela, kanye nezinye - emfushane, yokugcina ngaphansi nje cap. amashubhu Long pair of amabhodlela elixhumene ngocingo iraba tube. Ukuze iDemo ijoyina mfutho. Lapho ngocingo ivulekile, amanzi agelezela isitsha esingenalutho engaphezulu eyodwa lapho ketshezi ekuqaleni. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngaphezu kwamanzi kwenzeka cleaner lapho umoya lumuncwa mfutho ihlaziye. Ijubane soakage enjalo ivela amalitha 0.5 kuya 2 ngeminithi futhi ivolumu emoyeni ukuthi odabule mfutho, kuyafana inani lamanzi ukuthi usephumile indlela elingenhla kuya ibhodlela aphansi.

Le ndlela isikhathi-ukudliwa futhi ingenye ezinzima kakhulu. Engasebenziseka elektroaspirator kubhekwe Migunova. Le divayisi ihlanganisa i Blower kagesi nge rheometer okuyinto flowmeters ingilazi-tube, ezimbili zazo ezidingekayo nesilinganiso Ukukhetha isivinini somoya, nabanye ababili zenzelwe ngesivinini. isivinini okuphansi ivela 0.1 kuya 1 L / imiz, elikhulu - kusuka amalitha ngomzuzu owodwa kuya kwengu-20. Ingxenye engezansi ixhunyiwe nokuxhumana rotameters ngokukhishwa ngaphambili lisebenze. Lezi amapayipi yokuxhuma axhunyiwe kanye iraba amashubhu absorptive amadivaysi. Ngenxa yaleli lungiselelo ngesikhathi esifanayo ungakhetha amasampula ezine nje. Ingxenye engenhla has isibambo rotameter valve zazo efanayo etholakala endaweni phambi ingxenye. Kuyasiza lokulawula isivinini somoya izibonelo zalokho.

Umgomo we operation zale divayisi itholakala lokuthi ukuthi ngesikhathi inethiwekhi usuke i motor ngogesi uzungeza Rotor Blower. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ingcindezi kuyehla kwezezindlu yayo. Futhi emoyeni, idivayisi ibekwe, sidlula Imibhobho esemzimbeni. Khona-ke uyaphuma. isikhathi Ukufunda esichithwa ndima yayo ngokusebenzisa aspirator nesivinini abakulo kungabonakala ivolumu emoyeni edabula kudivayisi ukumuncwa ehambisana umlomo wombhobho kunqunywa.

wezinciphisi Ekhona yakhelwe ukungcola chemical kusukela emoyeni esebenzisa abezindaba okuqinile futhi uketshezi. Nokucwila, kanye medium kuyakhethwa yini ngengozi ngaye. Lokhu ucabangela isimo sesisonke we izinto kudlule cwaningo. Futhi isidingo sokuqinisekisa contact isikhathi eside we ketshezi uqobo kanye medium umswakama.

Esimweni lapho izidakamizwa test yigesi noma isisi emoyeni inqwaba, indlela yokunquma uma ebucayi kakhulu-ke, ngokufanelekile, kudingeka amavolumu encane ihlaziye emoyeni. Lokhu kudinga amasu amasampuli cross-Sectional. Ngenxa yalezi ikhamera ulinganiswe amabhodlela ukusetshenziswa injoloba kanye izitsha, 1 kuya 5 amalitha, kanye pipette igesi 100-500 ml. Nokho, iraba ikhamera ingasetshenziswa kuphela uma imfuyo ekuhlolweni ngempela ukuxubana zenjoloba. Ngo kubo, umoya is hhayi egcinwe amahora angaphezu kwamathathu. It is akhishwa emuva ngumuntu futha ibhayisikili. Ukuze izifundo emoyeni udluliselwa ibhodlela Samandla noma ezinye kadoti nge naphakathi ezifanele.

Ukukhethwa exchange indlela

Lapho wafunda emoyeni egcwele igesi pipettes futhi amabhodlela, indlela enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi indlela exchange.

Umoya ikufanele ukuhlolwa laboratory, kushaywa ngokusebenzisa weThrojani noma ibhodlela izikhathi eziningi. I pipette ligcwele futha iraba isibani. Lokhu kungenzeka nge terminals evulekile noma ompompi uma. Ngu izibonelo zalokho Ekugcineni zivaliwe. Endabeni le yokulinganisa ibhodlela, kuba ayihlomele ngesivalo namabhodlela ngemibhobho emibili. Lezi imikhawulo yangaphandle inamathelisiwe amashubhu iraba abanezinto zokugawula ezibukhali. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukukhetha Ukugunda ziyasuswa. Futhi omunye amashubhu ijoyina futha noma irabha isikhwama. Khona ibhodlela kwemijondolo nge air ngaphansi kophenyo abaningi izikhathi. Ngu ekupheleni izibonelo zalokho tube ukugqagqana Ukugunda.

cleaner indlela

Amasampula emoyeni egumbini kusetshenziswa thick-gauge ibhodlela. Kuyadingeka ukwakha cleaner kuwo nge futha ekhethekile Komovskogo. Ukuhlolwa emoyeni ukusivumela kusukela ibhodlela ingcindezi asalile ukuthi zokhahlamba kusuka 10 kuya ku-15 mm HG. Khona-ke udinga ukuvala ngocingo phezu tube zenjoloba. Detach kusukela ayesisebenzisa futha. Futhi kokuphela ingilazi iraba tube ufaka induku. On-site amasampuli esitsheni ivulekile. Masinyane lo dade wavula egcwele umfutho womoya ngokusebenzisa ukulingana. Ngokusho ukuphela zalokho isiqeshana is screwed, futhi endaweni imbobo ngamapayipi zenjoloba ukubeka induku ingilazi.

ethela indlela

Air amasampuli pipette noma ezikhiqizwa igesi gauge ibhodlela. Bagcwala uketshezi ekhethekile, okumele ngamawala ngalolu ketshezi test futhi ikakhulukazi ukuncibilikisa ke. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo ngokuvamile zisebenzisa amanzi plain. Lapho le ndlela sokususwa, asesebenzisa ukusetshenziswa elihlale (hypertonic) izixazululo of sodium noma calcium chloride.

Endaweni ketshezi izibonelo zalokho kuthululwe, futhi isitsha sigcwele umoya ngaphansi cwaningo. Khona-ke, tube zenjoloba kuyendlulela izibopho ekhethekile, wembatha imikhawulo ingilazi izinti noma livale kokubili valve phezu pipette igesi.

isampula sanitary

Lezi amasampula ayeqoqwa ahlukahlukene okuhlaziya amakhemikhali bese anqume inani okuqukethwe uthuli ezonini okumelwe uphefumule futhi ukhulume imitha isigamu ngenhla.

Ukutadisha ukungcoliswa komoya ngenxa amagesi wamabhizinisi zezimboni, futhi ukucacisa avareji nsuku zonke esiphezulu lokuhlushwa elilodwa izinto eziyingozi emkhathini. amasampula emoyeni yenhlanzeko eqoqwe ngesikhathi ngokuvamile ukungcoliswa enkulu nge side ezinomoya umthombo. Thatha ubuncane amasampula ayishumi zonke izindawo futhi ngesikhathi njalo ngezikhathi. Ukukhethwa amasampula emoyeni kuthatha imizuzu amabili. Njengoba kwanda ibanga kusuka umthombo, okuyinto lusuka ekungcolisweni (akukho amakhilomitha angaphezu kwayisihlanu, ukuhlaziywa esinembile akunakwenzeka), ubude nakho kuyanda ukuba imizuzu 40.

Ukuze ubone ukuthi enemisebe futhi izinto ezibanga umdlavuza kudingekile lumuncwa umthamo omkhulu emoyeni izihlungi. Ngenxa ezindaweni ezinabantu wafunda ezingumsuka zikhona izinto eziningi ezincane kakhulu. Ngo inqubo ukuthatha amasampula emoyeni ezitshalweni enkulu yezimboni ukuba ezinobuthi izifundo okuqukethwe (okufana amagesi evala) noma semali uthuli usesikhundleni ebalulekile Ukukhetha indawo iphuzu. Ngo izakhiwo zezimboni noma izakhiwo Ukuboshelwa basakaza izinto. Air imvelo njalo nemiyalezo ephathekayo. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, amadivayisi isampula emkhathini endaweni lapho inqubo ukusebenza ezingeni elilodwa kanye amamitha nengxenye kusukela phansi. Lokhu kubhekwa izinga ukuphefumula yesisebenzi. Omunye shift ukuhlolwa ezintathu: ekuqaleni, maphakathi kanye ekupheleni kosuku zokusebenza. Ngesikhathi bamba yabo kufanele inake umswakama lokushisa air egumbini. amadivaysi Absorption, okuyinto ewenza akwazi ukuveza zalokho emoyeni ezitshalweni zezimboni, okusikhumbuza amashubhu ingilazi, okuyinto uphawu phezulu futhi uphawu ngisho nge pair of ingilazi amashubhu. Ngepayipi eside emoyeni ihlaziye. Futhi ngokusebenzisa short, edlula ku-kuya Blower ngokusebenzisa rheometer. Ingxenye engezansi mfutho yakhelwe ukuncela uketshezi lapho igesi kufanele ukusivumela ihlaziye. Ukukhethwa ukusebenza endaweni amasampula emoyeni kuyadingeka ukuze ukusebenza evamile yebhizinisi kanye nokunikeza izimo zokusebenza kubasebenzi. Ngokuhambisana zamanje umthetho nokuphepha nezimfuneko yale nqubo esibophezelayo.

Ukukhetha Gravity indlela

Le ndlela emoyeni amasampuli e kwendlu noma ngaphandle esekelwe yokuthi izinhlayiya ekhasa kuhoxisiwe kuwo, axazulule ngaphansi kwethonya adonsela phansi. Probozabornik Durham - ndlela okuyiyona, okuyinto osetshenziselwa okudonsa izibonelo zalokho ambient amasampula emoyeni. Ingqikithi yomsebenzi wakhe kanje. Umnikazi ithuluzi ufakwa ingilazi slide akhethekile, embozwe gel glycerine. Labe emoyeni ngoba ngosuku. Izinhlayiya uthuthwa komoya, kuthiwa imali kwi-slide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-laboratory ngaphansi ngesibonakhulu kunqunywa ukwakheka kanye nenani izinhlayiya. Ezenye amele inani izinhlayiya ukuthi ezizika isentimitha square ngosuku. Nokho adonsela phansi emoyeni amasampuli ndlela engabizi futhi elula ngokwanele, futhi inawo nezihibe:

• Ukuhlaziya imiphumela kungenzeka zingalungi ngenxa yezizathu ezifana isiqondiso, isivinini somoya, kwezulu, kanye nomswakama;
• ngelanga sokuxazulula isikhathi esincane izinhlayiya;
• aku-slide ingilazi in a ngokuvamile uthole izinhlayiya emikhulu;
• Amasampula zathathwa ochwepheshe, ngoba lokhu badinga amadivayisi akhethekile aspirators umoya izibonelo zalokho.

Indlela volumetric

Ingqikithi le ndlela wukuthi izinhlayiya zazo okwesikhashana emoyeni, ivaleleke izithiyo wayifaka ageleza. amasampula Air umkhakha esindayo kudingeka ukuqoqa hhayi ngaphansi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngonyaka. Ngokuya indlela esetshenziswa probozaborniki ezifana:

• Rotary. surface wakhe lokuqoqa embozwe isakhi esithile esikhethekile, khona-ke ijikeleziswa isikhashana nge ngejubane elifanele. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi isampuli nale divayisi sivezwe ngenani izinhlayiya lokhu kwaphendula yonke isikhathi ngamunye ngosuku isentimitha sikwele. Le ndlela iqeda ithonya ovunguzayo isiqondiso nesivinini ku umphumela ukuhlaziywa, kanjalo enikeza ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe. Academy of Allergology futhi Immunology uncoma ukusetshenziswa thuluzi ukuba isimo emoyeni izidakamizwa eziyingozi.
• Nenshisekelo probozabornik ihlaziye izophela emoyeni ngokusebenzisa lemifanekiso ulwelwesi nge predetermined Pore ubukhulu. Ebusweni lokuqoqa kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuxazululwe zesandulela osayizi abathile. Lesi simiso ukhiye ukuthola spore Buharda isicupho, lapho ebusweni lokuqoqa zingasuswa ngesivinini 2 kwangu ngehora. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba lokhozi kanjani lokuhlushwa izinhlayiya ekuhlolweni emoyeni. Ngo iyunithi kukhona vane sezulu ngakhoke indlela umoya akuphazamisi Imiphumela yokugcina.

Ukuhlolwa imiphumela adonsela phansi Ukukhetha indlela kungathola izinhlayiya emikhulu (isib ragweed impova). Ngezinhloso zocwaningo asetshenziswa ezinamandla kakhudlwana futhi enembile obemometrcheskie izindlela.

ucwaningo yokungcola

Ngokuhambisana nomthetho wamanje kukhona umoya izibonelo zalokho. GOST 17.2.3.01-86 kubalulekile ukuze ukuhlaziywa efanele kanye namaphutha ngokubala.

Ukuze ukufunda degree of ukungcoliswa komoya e Russian Federation, siye ithuthukiswe eside ekhethekile - "esiphezulu lokuhlushwa sivumelekile". Kuze kube manje, sinqume esiphezulu imikhawulo kuvunyelwe. emoyeni ukungcola lokuhlushwa kumele kube izinto hhayi abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu. amasampula Air ungakwazi ukulawula isimo.

I ovumelekile esiphezulu kubhekwa admixture kanzulu kakhulu emoyeni, okuyinto libhekisela enkathini ethile yesikhathi futhi ngezikhathi ezithile noma kukho konke ukuphila komuntu ngeke zibe nethonya eliyingozi kuso (nemiphumela yesikhathi eside ziyabhekelelwa), noma imvelo.

Endabeni gas lokuhlushwa enkulu isampula emoyeni wenziwa, voltage kulokhu mayelana 33 kV / cm. Lapho ukucindezela ukwanda kanye inyuka ukungezwani.

Kukhona ama-laboratories, zocwaningo kanye nezifundiswa yangasese abafanelekayo, ngubani ngosizo zesimanje ezenza namadivayisi zobuchwepheshe ukuthola ukuqeda izinto eziyingozi emakhaya, amafulethi, amahhovisi, umhlaba, njll sokusampulwa lezisebenzi womoya sanitary iziteshi epidemiological, bese iya cwaningo e elabhorethri.

Kanjani ukuvikela umuzi wakho

Uma uqala ukuqaphela ukuthi omunye welunga lomndeni wakho (noma ngokwakho) abaphethwe komzimba kwabanye ngezizathu ezingaziwa futhi ezingabonakali, udinga ukwenza uhlaziyo amasampula emoyeni egumbini. Kunezindlela eziningana. uthuli Jwayelekile, isikhunta, Radon, noma ezihlukahlukene Amagciwane emoyeni zingayilimaza impilo zabantu, ikakhulu izingane ezincane. Isampula amasampuli emoyeni liyadingeka endabeni komzimba nezinye ilungu lomndeni. Amasu kuzosiza sihlaziye izinga emoyeni emakamelweni:

• Kuzomele ufake i-carbon monoxide umtshina. Le yunithi linendima ebalulekile futhi, ngaphandle ihaba, kusindisa ukuphila. Ukuze ufake lolu iyunithi elincane kuyadingeka kuphela udonga ezijwayelekile. Uma inzwa ikhishwa umsindo isixwayiso, khona-ke yashintsha ezingeni flat we-carbon monoxide. Njengoba wazi, igesi Ayinambala futhi cishe ayinaphunga, ngakho-ke indima inzwa kakhulu ngempela, kungasindisa impilo yakho.
• Enye indlela ukuze uvikele ikhaya lakho - ke ukuhlolwa air e Radon zasendlini. Lokhu kuyasiza ikakhulukazi uma indlu eduze indawo ye lokuhlushwa uranium emhlabathini, okungaholela ekuqongeleleni Radon. amasampula Air efulethini kulokhu okufanele kwenziwe njalo. Kukhona kits senzelwe ahlukahlukene okuhlaziya amakhemikhali kokuqukethwe Radon emkhathini. Zingasetshenziswa ngokuzimela. Faka bese ebashiya izinsuku ezintathu. Ngemva kule sethi kuqoqwa futhi libhekisela e-laboratory ukuze kuphenywe kanye sinqumo.
• Ungase futhi ukuthenga kits emoyeni zokuhlolelwa khona zesikhunta. Ukuze lithole ukuthi lezi ukhunta efulethini noma isikhunta, microbial izinga lomoya ukuhlaziywa kuyodingeka. Ngokuvamile yakhetha le ndlela, uma umndeni ohluphekayo engezwani noma sinusitis. Amadivayisi sokuba ukuhlaziywa, ungasebenzisa owakho. Nokho, ukuze uthole imiphumela usadinga ukusebenzisa amasevisi laboratory.
• Ekhaya, ungakwazi kuhlolelwe khona sisemoyeni uthuli izibungu. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa elikhona cishe zonke izindlu zama, ikakhulukazi yangasese, eduze umhlaba nasemahlathini. Nokho, uma lokuhlushwa izibungu, izimbungulu, namazeze liphezulu kakhulu, kungcono cishe into efanayo njengoba umoya anobuthi. Ukuze ukuhlaziywa laboratory unikezwa isitsha esincane, okuyinto ibekwe ku-isampula emoyeni, bese wathumela e-laboratory ukuze ukuhlaziywa kanye nemiphumela.

Emva kokuthola imiphumela kudingeka zixazululwe nezindaba ezifanele. Ukuqeda kubo, kukhona iqembu elikhethekile labantu abasebenza ku ucingo.