Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila Saltykov-Shchedrin. Biography emfushane nemisebenzi

Michael Evgrafovich - umbhali omkhulu Russian futhi satirist. ukuphila Saltykov-Shchedrin kwaqala ngo-1826, 27 (15) we-January esifundazweni Tver edolobhaneni Spas-Ugol. Yena wohlanga olukhulu zenani elikhulu eziyifa kanye nomkhaya wakhe ocebile.

Saltykov-Shchedrin: Biography - Umlando omfishane ebuntwaneni

Umlobi esizayo kwaba umama despotic. Zabelina Olga Mihaylovna kwaba ngokuphelele elingenalo esintwini, futhi kamuva umfanekiso waso obusingethwe "Nkosi Golovlyovo". Umndeni nginezingane eziyisithupha, futhi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Michael wayaziwa njengomuntu oyintandokazi, umndeni ngokuxabana yena navidalsya egcwele. Kodwa uma umfana, kunalokho, omnene. Inkathi iminyaka engaze ibe yishumi, umlobi ke sichaza cishe kwakhe "Poshehonsky eminingi edlule." Saltykov njalo wakhumbula esengumntwana ngomunyu futhi, njengoba umthetho, Angithandi ukukhuluma ngakho. esengumntwana okwenzeka ikakhulukazi wedwa, zonke izingane ezindala kakade kwesokunxele ukuze ufunde. Futhi akhuliswa ngayo kwakungenziwa lutho ngaphandle kokuhlabelela ngempela.

webumbacambili

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila Saltykov-Shchedrin uqale kakade igama lakhe. Yezingxenye zayo ezimbili lesi esokuqala - Saltykov, kanti eyesibili - Shchedrin - eyavela kamuva njengoba isibizo. Lokhu kwakungaqali ukwenzeka ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili zokuphila kwakhe: Saltykov - olusemthethweni futhi Shchedrin - umbhali, satirist futhi umbhali.

Umsebenzi Saltykov

Saltykov Mihail Evgrafovich waqala ibhola lakhe ne ukuxoshwa. Ngo-August 1844 wayethethelela wabhalisa ehhovisi Petersburg, ngo-1846 le nsizwa lapho wakwazi ukuthola isihlalo uNobhala Umsizi kaNgqongqoshe neMpi. Futhi eminyakeni engu-22, ngo-1848, yena wadingiselwa Vyatka ngocwaningo lwakhe lokuqala etemibhalo. Nokho, waqhubeka phambi, futhi umsebenzi wakhe kwaba ekhaliphile. Kabili wakhonza njengephayona okuphambene mbusi: esifundazweni Ryazan mina v Abakwazi Abakwenzayo.

aseqala etemibhalo

Ngo-1847, DEBUT of Saltykov-Shchedrin njengendlela umlobi. Ngezinye Ukubuyekeza kuqala, bese ezimbili izindaba, esanyatheliswa kumagazini i-"Amanothi we lawobaba." Baya ngaphansi pseudonyms M. Nepanov MS

Udumo Real weza kuye 1856 lapho kushicilelwa uchungechunge yakhe "Tindzaba sesiFundazwe", kusukela kulo mzuzwana, waya umkhuba mbumbulu Nikolay Schedrin, kamuva owaba yingxenye igama lakhe. Futhi kwakukhona isiko ukushicilela imisebenzi yabo ngemijikelezo.

imidwebo

Tindzaba Shchedrin ngokuyinhloko kuma-oda uhulumeni, labo kumele akhiphe lezi oda, ukuphoqelela. Saltykov-Shchedrin Mikhail Evgrafovich ngokukhethekile abazinikele emsebenzini isithombe nezikhulu zakhe Russian 60s maphakathi.

Shchedrin-umbhali iqala BUSA Saltykov-esemthethweni. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi ngokucacile kuza ngesikhathi lapho N. A. Nekrasov iza ephephabhukwini "Amanothi we lawobaba" bememezana njengendlela co-umhleli Saltykov-Shchedrin. Ngo-1868, Saltykov-olusemthethweni wake usuthathelwa umbhali Shchedrin.

Kusukela 1878, ngemva kokufa Nekrasov, Saltykov-Shchedrin baba umhleli ematheni "Amanothi we lawobaba." Kwaba okuqinisekile ekuphileni kwakhe.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila Saltykov-Shchedrin njengoba ukugxekwa

Saltykov-Shchedrin yena ubona usezakhele igama njengomqambi umhlaziyi. Ukugxekwa izisekelo, oda izikhulu. Esikhathini 60s, uthola azithobe phansi "umlilo" nabo abalobi.

Iqiniso lokuthi umlobi inikeza abafundi a ukubhinqa, kodwa hhayi ngokombono kumuntu wangaphandle, kodwa yindoda yakhe imvelo. Kungenxa yalesi futhi usegxeke Saltykov-Shchedrin ngokuphindaphindiwe. Futhi nomcwaningi vocal kakhulu kwaba Dmitriy Ivanovich Pisarev. Wathi has akwanele nje ukuba aklolodele ngawo ohlelweni olukhona, futhi bebonke, kungekuhle ukweyisa bureaucratic isimo umshini, njengengxenye okuningi ngayo. Kuyinto indida kusukela iphuzu zokuziphatha umbono. Pisarev ngokuvamile ukuthi izincwadi akufanele akhiphe injabulo, kanye zokupheka, kanjani ukuphila abafundi. Wathi, isibonelo, ukuthi Pushkin kuyize. Phela, efundiswa "Eugene Onegin"?

Pisarev Ufaka Saltykov-Shchedrin futhi uthethisa eqinile. Kukholakala ukuthi 60s zibhekane Amathrendi ezimbili ezincwadini Russian: ubuciko okumsulwa okungukuthi ubuhle okuphakade, futhi izincwadi civil. Kubonakala sengathi imisebenzi Saltykov-Shchedrin kungokwalabo yesibili kwezishiwo. Kodwa Pisarev uthi thusa ukuthi Saltykov-Shchedrin kuyinto fashion engenamsebenzi ezincwadini ku uhleko, Banter, nasmeshnichestvo, okuyinto akuhlangene ne ushintsho lwangempela ngokoqobo.

Izinguquko emisebenzini

Ekuqaleni kwawo-60s - 70s Mikhail Evgrafovich inikeza abafundi bayo into entsha - lokhu akulona nje uchungechunge tindzaba, futhi wonke umsebenzi - "The Indaba of a City". Kuyinto ukubayisigebengu ka nonomusa zemihla zomlando. Idolobhana ukhonza njengesibonelo emhlabeni. City silly - kumayelana Russia. Lo msebenzi ukugxekwa kubaluleke kakhulu kwenchubokuphatsa.

In the 80s maphakathi imisebenzi Saltykov-Shchedrin babe olusha sha. Wababiza inganekwane. Kwakumelwe ngamatshumi amathathu. Bagcwala ukubhinqa zezombusazwe futhi yashicilelwa ephephandabeni "iGazethi Russian", zona ngokwazo kuyinto exakayo. Phela, inganekwane ngokuvamile nasemaphephandabeni musa uzitholele. Kodwa yiso kanye lesi, umlobi wathi wayefuna: inganekwane zonke akugcini. Njengenjwayelo inganekwane emisebenzini yakhe azikho eziphethweni ezijabulisayo. They are gcwele of indida nokuningi efana izindaba nasezincwadini ziye.

Ku-izincwadi satirical Russian linendima ebalulekile kuyinto Saltykov-Shchedrin. Biography isifinyezo awakwazi ukuveza ukugcwala imfihlakalo zalesi simo ezincwadini Russian, Mikhail Evgrafovich. Bambiza ngokuthi sisakubona omkhulu diagnostician lemikhuhlane.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila Saltykov-Shchedrin watshela abantu ezazisebenza naye. Lathi ubuntu bakhe ngangethukile futhi engaphathekile. Futhi lokhu kuthinta umsebenzi. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukufunda. Imisebenzi ayikwazi "igwinywe".

"Golovlevs" - yezinto ezinzima izincwadi Russian. Ingabe Dostoevsky befika kwakhe bezoxoxa naye ukubhala "Abafowethu Karamazov."

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila Saltykov-Shchedrin zihlanganisa yokuthi eziningi amazwi esisabhekene zisebenzisa, yasungulwa futhi salethwa kulezi izincwadi nokuphila nguye. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "spineless." Michael Evgrafovich wadala futhi yethulwa kuleli izincwadi uhlelo siqu kungabhekisela kuyindida. Lo mlobi wabuye wazama ukubhala izinkondlo, kodwa ngemva akuphumelelanga Uphenyo ngepeni izinkondlo lokuqala lehla phakade. Saltykov-Shchedrin bafundelwa esikoleni esifanayo okusezingeni eliphezulu, nokuthi Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin, futhi lokhu lapho bobabili baqala ukubhala.

Umlobi waphila iminyaka engamashumi 63. Washona ngo entwasahlobo ka-1889.