Agonists Alpha-adrenergic: incazelo, isicelo, isimiso

Agonists iqembu izidakamizwa, umphumela okuyinto lihlotshaniswa ukukhuthazwa receptor adrenergic ise izitho zangaphakathi izindonga semithambo. Zonke adrenoceptors zihlukaniswe amaqembu ambalwa ngokuya kwasendaweni umlamuleli umphumela futhi akwazi ukwenza elinye izakhiwo kanye izinto asebenzayo. Alpha-agonists inkanuko nomthelela receptor-alpha-adrenergic, okubangela impendulo ezithile zomzimba.

Kuyini receptor-alpha-adrenergic

A1-adrenoceptors esisogwini ulwelwesi ebusweni lamaseli synapse aphendule norepinephrine, okuyinto ezikhishwe kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa we izinzwa postganglionic we nozwela isimiso sezinzwa. Isebenze imithambo osezingeni elincane. yokwamukela ukushukuma kubangela vasospasm, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, permeability encishisiwe odongeni lwemithambo, ukunciphisa izenzo ukusabela ukuvuvukala emzimbeni.

A-receptor 2-adrenergic engaphandle synapse phezu presynaptic cell ulwelwesi. Ongakwenza Lapho isenzo noradrenaline kanye adrenaline. yokwamukela ukushukuma kubangela backlash, okuyinto livezwa hypotension nokungcebeleka semithambo.

ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana adrenomimetikami

Alpha- ne-beta-agonists, okuyinto ngokuzimela ezihambisana ngozwelo kubo receptor futhi abangele umphumela adrenaline noma ithonya noradrenaline, ngokuthi indlela isinyathelo esiqondile.

Waba yini umphumela wesibindi izidakamizwa kungenzeka futhi umphumela engaqondile esizibonakalisa ngu ukushukuma isizukulwane neurotransmitters siqu, kuvimbela nokucekelwa zabo, kwandisa lokuhlushwa kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa.

Adrenoceptor agonists babelwa kule mibandela elandelayo:

• ukumelwa inhliziyo, hypotension ezinzima, nciphisa, ukushaqeka, ukuboshwa inhliziyo;
• isifuba somoya, bronchospasm;
• isigqugquzeli ingcindezi intraocular;
• Izifo ukuvuvukala we ulwelwesi lwamafinyila samehlo ekhaleni;
• ikhoma hypoglycemic;
• izinzwa wendawo.

agonists Alpha-adrenergic

izidakamizwa iqembu uhlanganisa abakhethayo (esebenza kwenye uhlobo yokwamukela) kanye non-abakhethayo (A1 excitation kanye A2-receptor) kusho. Non-abakhethayo-alpha-agonists okufakiwe ngqo noradrenaline, inkanuko nokuwenza beta-receptor.

Alpha-agonists ezithinta a1-receptor - antishock izidakamizwa ukusetshenziswa ne ukwehla elibukhali blood pressure. Ingasetshenziselwa ngokwezihloko, okubangela constriction we arteriole ukuthi glaucoma noma aphumelele rhinitis iguliswa. Akwaziwa izidakamizwa Group:

• "Midodrin";
• "Mezaton";
• "Etilefrin".

agonists Alpha-adrenergic, ezithinta A2 yokwamukela, ngaphezulu zaziwe mass jikelele sabantu ngenxa isicelo yayo jikelele. abameleli eziphezulu - "Xylometazoline," "Nazol", "Sanorin", "Visine". Asetshenziswa yokwelapha izifo ukuvuvukala esweni futhi ekhaleni (conjunctivitis, rhinitis, sinusitis).

Izidakamizwa baziwa vasoconstrictor zabo ukusebenza, okwenza kungabi ukuminyana acinene. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimali kufanele kwenzeke kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondisa onguchwepheshe, reception engalawuliwe inqobo kungadala ukuthuthukiswa izidakamizwa ukuzinza kanye mucosal yoma.

Bantwana zimise ejenti equkethe agonists-alpha-adrenergic. Izidakamizwa kuleli cala abe lokuhlushwa engezansi ketshezi asebenzayo. Ifomu efanayo isetshenziswa ekwelapheni abantu abaphethwe isifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu.

agonists Alpha-adrenergic, excitatory A2-receptor, futhi zihlanganisa ejenti liphakathi oyibamba ( "methyldopa", "Clonidine", "Katapresan"). umphumela wabo ngendlela elandelayo:

• umphumela hypotensive;
• kwehle kwenhliziyo;
• sizole;
• ukukhululeka ubuhlungu ezincane;
• encishisiwe uketshezi of lacrimal kanye salivary nezindlala;
• encishisiwe uketshezi yamanzi emathunjini amancane.

"Mezaton"

Ukulungiselela esekelwe phenylephrine hydrochloride, okubangela anda blood pressure. isicelo sayo kudinga nokushintsha kokudla nokufakwa esinembile ngangokunokwenzeka ukwehla reflex kwenhliziyo. "Mezaton" kwandisa ingcindezi ngobumnene uma siqhathanisa nabanye izidakamizwa, kodwa umphumela okuhlala isikhathi eside.

Izinkomba kusho:

• hypotension, nciphisa;
• ukulungiselela ukuhlinzwa;
• vasomotor rhinitis ;
• izinzwa wendawo;
• ubuthi etiologies ehlukahlukene.

Isidingo sokuba izinto zisheshe zidinga ekuphathweni emthanjeni. Umuthi nayo injected imisipha, phansi kwesikhumba, intranasally.

"Xylometazoline"

Umuthi kokuba igama elifanayo ketshezi esebenzayo, ingxenye "galazolin" "Otrivin" "ksimelin" "Dlyanosa". It is esetshenziswa ekwelashweni ngezihloko ezihlukene rhinitis oyingozi ezithathelwanayo, sinusitis, hay fever, abezindaba otitis, belungiselela izinqubo tekusebenta nobe lekutfola ngalo ingaphakathi acinene.

It ikhiqizwa ngesimo spray, amaconsi futhi izicelo gel acinene. Spray akuvumelekile izingane ezivela engu-12 ubudala. Qaphela oqokwe kwale mibandela elandelayo:

• angina;
• lactation;
• abanale nkinga;
• Hyperplasia Prostatic;
• sikashukela;
• sokukhulelwa.

"Clonidine"

Umuthi kuyinto agonists-alpha-adrenoceptor. Lo mshini wezenzo "clonidine" isekelwe excitation ka-receptor A2-adrenergic, okuholela ukwehla ingcindezi, ukuthuthukiswa izinzwa amancane ukupholisa.

Kabanzi ayesetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene nomfutho wegazi ophezulu, izinkinga unesifo sikashukela, ukuze akhulule glaucoma kuhlasela lihambisana namanye izidakamizwa ekwelapheni izidakamizwa notshwala umlutha.

"Clonidine" is contraindicated ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kodwa endabeni gestosis obukhulu ezigabeni kamuva, lapho inzuzo unina bulingana ingozi umonakalo ezingenzeka embungwini, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa imithamo ezincane zomuthi lihambisana namanye izidakamizwa.

"Visine"

Vasoconstrictor izidakamizwa ngokusebenzisa tetryzoline esetshenziswa zamehlo. Ngosizo lwawo kwenzeka mydriasis, conjunctival edema ukunciphisa, wehlise ekukhiqizeni uketshezi intraocular. Isetshenziselwa ekwelapheni conjunctivitis nomzimba, ngesenzo mechanical, ngokomzimba noma amakhemikhali ejenti angaphandle Isivalo lwamafinyila.

Overdose-alpha agonists

Overdose kubonakala izinguquko eziphikelelayo esibonisa imiphumela ye-alpha-agonists. Isiguli ukhathazekile-high blood pressure, kwenhliziyo isigqi iziyaluyalu. Ngalesi sikhathi kungenzeka ukuthuthukiswa enkulu yokufa uhlangothi noma edema yamaphaphu.

Ukwelashwa overdosing iwukusisebenzisa amaqembu elandelayo izidakamizwa:

1. sympatholytic neuropathy ukuphazamisa ukudluliselwa nerve amaza e azungeze futhi isimiso sezinzwa. Ngakho, ingcindezi encishisiwe is lehla kwenhliziyo ukumelana neuropathy.
2. Calcium abamelene okuhloswe ngaso kuvimbele kugeleta calcium ion ku amaseli. imisipha senhliziyo kunciphisa umoya-mpilo ngokufunwa, encishisiwe contractility sithuthukisa ukuphumula ngesikhathi diastole, ukwandisa wonke amaqembu imithambo.
3. izidakamizwa Myotropic ukukhuthaza ukuphumula imisipha bushelelezi, kuhlanganise muscle udonga semithambo.

agonists Alpha-adrenergic, ukusetshenziswa okuyinto has iqembu elikhulu ukufundwa, zidinga ezikhethwe ngokucophelela ngomthamo, ukuqapha electrocardiogram, wegazi, igazi neuropathy.