Abantu ngokudoba emaphakathi neRussia. yezandla Russian

Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu Russian gqizisa emizini yabo yezandla ezahlukene nezinto okuzenzela. Masters wenza imikhiqizo yabo kaningi ngaphezu hhayi nje ngenxa yobuhle, zonke izinto kufanele inhloso yabo esisebenzayo. Esakhiwe ngezinto zemvelo - izinkuni, ubumba kanye itshe - imisebenzi eyenziwe yobuciko. Amakhono, amasu yokukhiqiza kanye namasu imfihlo yakhipha. Kulesi sihloko sizofunda ngokuthi singakugwema kanjani abantu ukuhweba emaphakathi neRussia bekulokhu ethandwa kakhulu.

Abantu ukudayisa kanjani?

yezandla abahlukahlukene baqala ukuvela ekhulwini leminyaka lesi-th 15-16. Le nkathi lihlotshaniswa ukuzalwa Folk art. Ngandlela-thile kamuva, ngekhulu le-17, izingcweti eqala ukudala yezandla ezikhethekile ukudayiswa. wonke umzana nemizana wasebenza phezu ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo Folk wezandla.

Kungani abantu ukuhweba emaphakathi neRussia basungula? Isizathu sisobala - abandayo kanye nendlala. Ebusika kubanda eside, abantu kudingeka okuthile ukuba zondle imikhaya yazo. nenhlabathi Kubi akazange alethe imali eyanele sokuvuna, ukuphila akwanele, ngakho inkosi ukudayisa imikhiqizo yabo, futhi kwakukhona ukuqhutshwa. Yiqiniso yobuciko neyezandla Russian wasuka lapho kwakukhona khona imali eyanele imithombo yemvelo ngokungadingekile. yezandla Ngokhuni wenza ezindaweni ezinamahlathi lapho nenhlabathi Stony wanqoba imikhiqizo itshe kwandile, nokunye. D. Njengoba wazi, funa kudala ukuthengisela, nokuthuthukisa yokudoba kazwelonke lapho kwakudingeka khona.

Folk yobuciko neyezandla baqala ukuvela kancane kamuva - phakathi nekhulu le-19. Ngalezo zinsuku, kwakukhona igolide ngentambo efekethisiwe, imidwebo nensimbi ukucutshungulwa abadumile. A umthelela omkhulu ukubukeka lo msebenzi waba isonto, futhi kuba isikole endawo isithonjana imidwebo. Bona kwenziwe oda efekethisiwe ukuba zezindela namasonto.

Abantu ngokudoba emaphakathi neRussia

I izikebhe Russian zibuye laziwa kahle hhayi kuphela ezweni lethu, abantu izikebhe uye ayedumile emhlabeni wonke. Bala imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngezandla kungaba naye isikhathi eside kakhulu ayinhloko:

• Gzhel.
• Dymkovo ithoyizi.
• Khokhloma.
• Palekh.
• Rostov koqweqwe lwawo.
• Vologodskoe uleyisi et al.

Dymkovo ithoyizi

Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule, phezu lomfula Vyatka kwakhiwa umuzi lapho ihlelwe isiphetho zokuhlala. Njalo ekuseni ubona wendawo stoked isithando, futhi ngenxa ngokuqhubekayo ukukhulisa nomusi ngokuthi komnikazi - Dymkovo zokuhlala.

Kukhona wahlala amakhosi zobumba. Kusukela ubumba benza izingqwembe, amapayipi ukuthi kamuva ishisisa kuhhavini. Kuzwakala benziwa ikakhulukazi ngesimo kwezilwane. Kodwa kwakwenziwa hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa ukuzijabulisa izingane. abantu Vyatsky ngaphansi impempe amapayipi sihlangabezane unkulunkulu welanga - Jari. Dymkovo ithoyizi - edume kunazo Folk izikebhe of emaphakathi neRussia. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi kubukeka kanjani. Lokhu ubumba owesifazane Russian ngendlela eside isiketi-insimbi nge iphinifa egqamile futhi amashiya amnyama. ingubo enhle ibhecwe amaphethini ahlukahlukene. Umthetho main kuyinto - ke kufanele kube egqamile futhi ezimibalabala.

Gzhel

Folk yobuciko neyezandla Kunzima ukucabanga ngaphandle Gzhel. Ngaphambili, ke wazala igama emzaneni elise amakhilomitha 50 kusuka eMoscow. Ayehlala lapho + amakhosi, yona eyaqala ukwenza i ukudala zobumba kwezobuciko kakhulu. Bakhandwa ababethi ayibe. Kamuva uvele izitsha polufayansovaya. Masters bahlangana amakhulu izithombe ezahlukene, manje amasampula amaningi zigcinwa Hermitage. Gzhel abantu base kudala waxosha izitsha isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona ezimakethe eMoscow, amakhosi ngokuvamile zaveza izitsha oda. Namuhla kunzima kakhulu ukucabanga ngaphandle abantu izikebhe imikhiqizo Gzhel.

Palekh

Ukuthuthukiswa yezandla kuthatha nomlando wayo yangekhulu 13-14th. Ngalesi sikhathi, futhi kwakheka isikhungo yesimanje isiko Russian - edolobhaneni Palekh. Khona-ke yayingaphansi Prince paletzkiana, ngemva umnikazi walo kwaba Ivan Buturlin. Leli dolobhana sidalwe inqwaba workshop for iconography. Ekhulwini lama-20 edolobhaneni izingcweti wahlanganyela Umdwebo iziqhano zokuhloba, bebulala amabhokisi, amacala usikilidi, amanothiphedi bisernits. Akwaziwa palehovskie amabhokisi amaqanda Easter yaziwe abantu abaningi. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, edolobhaneni baqala ukuvela Palekh miniature ngesigqabo esimnyama walungisa papier-Mache.

Khokhloma

Khokhloma izikebhe uvele eRussia iVolga amahlathi Uzola eMfuleni kuze River. Kube kwakhiwa emzaneni - seminoma, uqwanga, futhi Novopokrovskiy Kuligin. It wayevela khona futhi hohloma. Ngeshwa, yezandla onqenqemeni ezisekhona kuze kube izikhathi zethu akuzona ngokuphelele. Siyazazi umsebenzi amakhosi kuphela kwekhulu le-19, nakuba kunobufakazi ukuthi kulo msebenzi kuvela abathintekayo, futhi ngekhulu le-17.

Khokhloma ihluke kwezinye umdwebo ekhethekile imiklamo. Isici ehlukile - isicelo inki omnyama cinnabar on isizinda igolide. Ukuze ukudambisa izitsha inkosi wagcoba ke powder ithini zizosetshenziswa ungqimba ukuvenisha namafutha ibekwe kuhhavini. Ngenxa lokushisa aphezulu kawoyela omiswe baba aphuzi, igolide kanye ithini yavela. Masters isicelo amaphethini kanye iphethini ibhulashi ngesandla. amasethi Expensive abadonsekela ngokucophelela. Namuhla Khokhloma izitsha kungabonwa emibukisweni ngamazwe ahlukahlukene kanye Fairs.

Pavlovsky Posad shawls

Pavlovsky Posad abaningi abawazi ngenxa ukufika scarves bafaniswe kanye shawls. Ngokokuqala ngqá isihloko esifana nalesi nenhle zokugqoka wafakwa kwi River Klyazma edolobheni Pavlov. Yingakho igama.

Ngezinye Fairs zendawo, avamise ahlelwe segcekeni emaphakathi, shawls bafaniswe bahlakazeka ku hurray. Ungathengisisa bandanas ngamaphetheni ehlukahlukene - izimbali zasendle, rose, sezimbali amahlamvu. Scarves uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi padded. Leli gama waqala ukubiza shawls ngenxa yendlela isicelo iphethini kwi Indwangu - ephrintiwe indwangu. Master othile wayefaka ingubo ebhodini futhi abashaya ukupenda sihleli kangcono. Hand ephrintwa indwangu ubuchwepheshe hhayi zonke okuyinhloko. scarves Modern eyenziwe izindlela zemishini yokunyathelisa ekhethekile.

Rostov koqweqwe lwawo

Centres yezandla emaphakathi neRussia zihlanganisa imizi owaziwa nasemizaneni, Rostov - omunye wabo. Ngekhulu le-18, wazalwa izikebhe, efana koqweqwe lwawo. Lokhu Umdwebo metal eyigugu ne upende okhethekile. Endulo, inkosi zaveza izithonjana. Abapristi egqoka izingubo nge imihlobiso of koqweqwe lwawo. ipuleti Isonto nekhava ngesineke yesandla upende okhethekile ukumelana nomlilo. I engavamile lolu hlelo ubuchwepheshe ukuthi ngaphambi kokudubula amaphethini umbala ihlale ifana. Ngenxa ukushisa imikhiqizo esithandweni sebeqala ukudlala ngemibala egqamile.

Zhostovo

emathileyi Painted kusukela Zhostovo ijwayelekile eziningi. Lokhu sigodi Awukude dolobha, yilapho abadwebi zendawo wadala imisebenzi enjalo yobuciko njengoba Zhostovo ugqoko. Master umdwebo ensimini engadini nezimbali on isizinda black, amahhashi amathathu, namanje ukuphila nabanye. Ithreyi wokuqala owenziwe papier-Mache.

Futhi abadwebi kusukela Zhostovo zaveza Umdwebo amabhokisi, isinemfu amabhokisi kanye namabhokisi. Maphakathi nawo-19 leminyaka eseqala ukuveza metal emathileyi, imikhiqizo eyenziwe papier-Mache wagqoka backburner. Umsebenzi edume kakhulu yobuciko e Zhostovo - Lokhu ugqoko okusaqanda, zaveza azungezile. Isifunda ngasinye esegqoka umkhiqizo wawo brand, ngalo ungakwazi ukuhlonza master, ukwenza lokhu ubuhle.

yezandla Modern Russian

yezandla Contemporary ngenkuthalo asathuthuka. Namhlanje ngo-nemibukiso SMME, ungabona imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, obuciko imidwebo. Amathrendi ku yobuciko wesimanje zihluke kakhulu, lapha yilezi:

• ngeso esebenzisa amalambu;
• Ukwakheka ngogesi;
• isithombe;
• flash izixuku;
• ukubaza futhi ukufaka, kanye nabanye.

Modern Folk izikebhe kunzima ukuqamba eyodwa, izingcweti abanamakhono zenziwe ukuze abakwenzayo kahle. Uma eminyaka ambalwa adlule, kwakunokwenzeka kuphela ukudweba noma sculpt ngalo obumbeni, manje kungenzeka ukuba sibonise okuningi. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, izinto eziyisisekelo Umdwebo kanye Umdwebo ufundwa umkhiqizo Antique Russian yasekuqaleni. Amasiko abaculi Russian emadolobheni amaningi, futhi ukuphila ngokuvumelana manje.

Ekuphetheni, ngingathanda kubala asele Folk art isiqondiso, okwakuqabukela ezichazwe kulesi sihloko:

• Umdwebo Gorodets ;
• fedoksinskaya miniature;
• Orenburg downy shawls;
• Vologda lace Yelets;
• matryoshka;
• karpogolskaya, Abashevskaya filimonskaya namathoyizi;
• filigree;
• Kasli ekusakazeni.

Amasiko isimangaliso-abasebenzi bethu, abadwebi nezazi abaculi lisaphila ezakha kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla. Naphezu kwentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, ubudala yobuciko neyezandla Russian ziyaqhubeka ziphenduke. Wasinda izikhathi zethu imisebenzi yobuciko kungabonakala iminyuziyamu kanye nemibukiso, ukuzama isandla sakhe kule ukusebenza kanzima kungasiza zobuciko nezikhungo zokuthuthukisa.