A ubugebengu ngokumelene nombuso: umqondo, izinhlobo, izici

A cala ngokumelene iziphathimandla kazwelonke, kanye ukwephula izithakazelo kazwelonke isevisi noma umkhakha zazishintsha zaba nemizimba lesifunda ukuzibusa - kuyinto izinyathelo eziyingozi (noma yokungenzi okuthile). Kutibophelela bakahulumeni abangekho izikhulu, izikhulu zikahulumeni, ezinye izikhulu noma ezinye izisebenzi, ngaphesheya emkhondweni izithakazelo isevisi, ngenxa isikhundla hlala esemsebenzini. Izenzo ezinjalo noma ukungenzi yingozi evamile evunywe iziphathimandla, kanye uhla izithakazelo nhloso kazwelonke noma iziphathimandla zendawo. Zingase aqukethe usongo umonakalo onjalo.

ezihlukahlukene amacala

Engxenyeni ekhethekile komthetho ophathelene nokwelelesa enikeziwe izinhlobo ezahlukene mayelana 255 yezenzo zobugebengu ezihlukahlukene. Phakathi kwabo isinqumo ukwaba amaqembu ayisithupha eyinhloko amacala:

• esilahla umuntu;
• icala empi;
• ngokumelene ukuphepha komphakathi;
• namagunya kazwelonke;
• kwezomnotho;
• ngokumelene Ukuthula nokulondeka okwakukhona ngaphansi isintu.

Izici obugebengu aphambene igunya uhulumeni kungekho ikhodi elidinga isijeziso futhi inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela umthetho lobugebengu.

izici

Amacala ayebekwe uhulumeni kanye nabasebenzi bakahulumeni izici:

• Izenzo ezenziwa abadlali yangasese. Ukwehluka - akunika ukufunjathiswa. Isihloko kulesi simo kuyinto evamile.
• Ubugebengu odabulisa ngenxa yokuthi isihloko usesikhundleni ehhovisi prime noma igunya elisemthethweni isebenzisa yayo.
• YezEnzo usongo iziphathimandla zikahulumeni wesifunda, futhi bephazamisa operation evamile izindikimba ezilawulayo kanye neziphathimandla zikahulumeni.

emacaleni

Crime zihlukaniswe amaqembu athile, ngamunye okuza ngaphansi sihloko oshayiwe lobugebengu yeRussia.

Amacala ayebekwe isimo:

• ukuhlukunyezwa nekakhuluma (Article 286.);
• ukuhlukunyezwa igunya elisemthethweni (285 v.);
• Ukungeza esimweni nerejista ngokusobala ulwazi olungamanga (Article 285,3.);
• ukukhwabanisa isabelomali izimali ukusetshenziswa (Article 285,1.);
• imfucuza engafanele imali isimo izimali ze-non-kwesabelomali (Article 285 okuyingxenye 2).
• ukunikezwa isikhulu sokulwelwa kwamalungelo (Article 288.);
• ukwehluleka amalungu Interior isimemezelo (Article 286,1.);
• ukwenqaba ukuphakela ulwazi Federal Assembly, nokunqatshelwa-Akhawunti Chamber of idatha (Article 287.);
• imisebenzi engekho emthethweni kwezamabhizinisi (Article 289.);
• ukufumbathisa (Article 291.);
• ukufunjathiswa (Article 290.);
• YezokuLamula ezindabeni umvuzo okhokhwayo ngenxa yokufumbathisa (Article 291,1.);
• xhumelela ezincane (Art 291,2.);
• ukukopela isevisi (292 v.);
• Ukukhishwa emthethweni passport we isakhamuzi Russian Federation, futhi ngokulinganayo ngokusobala okwenza izitatimende ezingamanga ephepheni, okuholela yokufuna elingenamthetho lobuzwe we Russian Federation (Article 292,1.);
• iphutha (ukunganaki) (Art. 293).

ubugebengu committer

Ngo iningi amacala kuncike may olusemthethweni kuphela.

Lamaphoyisa abantu ngubani okwesikhashana, unomphela noma igunya elikhethekile ukwenza imisebenzi yayo zokuphatha, imisebenzi yenhlangano kanye nezokuphatha kuhulumeni, e izinhlaka zesifunda ukuzibusa, izikhungo kamasipala ziyakuyikhonza e Russian Armed Forces, nezinye amabutho kanye okwakheke lempi.

Umuntu okwesikhashana wenza njengoba kubekiwe izikhundla ezithile, angase aqaphele kumuntu osonile ukuthi uma imisebenzi zabekwa phezu umuntu ngendlela enqunyiwe ngumthetho.

Izici umqondo

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kuyicala wokulwa isimo, kudingeka siqonde umbono we nemisebenzi eyenziwa esemthethweni.

imisebenzi yenhlangano kanye nezokuphatha - umsebenzi kokuba kubaholi bethimba, ukukhethwa kanye ekwakhiweni izisebenzi, inhlangano noma isevisi zabasebenzi ongaphansi, ukusetshenziswa yamaholo futhi ukunqunywa unswinyo kwezigwegwe, wokuqinisekisa ukuziphatha.

imisebenzi yokuphatha kwezomnotho ibizwa ngokuthi, okuhlanganisa amandla ukulahla nempahla ukuphathwa, kanye nezimali ezisebusweni balance sheet, kanye akhawunti asebhange, okuyizinto ngesikhathi izinhlangano noma izikhungo kanye amayunithi namayunithi lempi. Ezinye izenzo nazo ziwe lapha: izixazululo kwabasebenzi, amabhonasi, ukulawula ukuhamba impahla engokoqobo, ukusungulwa oda lapho ukugcina ingcebo.

into the ubugebengu

Amacala ayebekwe isimo kusebenza into. Umqondo obugebengu aphambene isimo kusho ukuthi into iba kulawulwa izenzo zomthetho we operation evamile ejensi kahulumeni, omasipala kanye nezikhungo zomphakathi, LSG, Armed Forces, amayunithi ehlukahlukene yezempi Russia kanye nezinye izikhali.

Into ngokushesha ithonya banamaphi amalungelo esisemthethweni futhi izithakazelo esisemthethweni izakhamuzi kanye nezinhlangano. Futhi nazi izithakazelo umphakathi, izithakazelo ezahlukene isimo, okuyinto avikelekile ngokomthetho.

uhlangothi umgomo kusho ukuba khona izimpawu idatha malfeasance ziyisibopho:

• Ukuyibhala lezi zenzo nokunciphisa izithakazelo isevisi. Izenzo kungukuthi kuphela ukubamba oqondile injongo umzimba, kodwa futhi iphikisana ne amandla abangu athweswe olusemthethweni.
• Ukuba nobuhlobo esiyimbangela phakathi yokuthi umuntu asenzile, kanye nemiphumela yokwenza noma yokungenzi okuthile.

Umehluko phakathi abasebenzi

izici Jikelele obugebengu aphambene isimo, intshisekelo yezwe kuhilela incurring izinhlawulo, degree of okuyinto kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi umuntu wenze isenzo.

Umqondo womkhosi olusemthethweni iyincane kuka nomqondo inceku kamasipala noma umphakathi.

Isakhamuzi owenza imisebenzi ayinikiwe, ngenkokhelo, ekhokhwa kusukela isihloko Russian Federation noma isabelomali sikahulumeni, ibizwa ngokuthi abasebenzi bakahulumeni.

Umuntu owenza lo msebenzi imisebenzi ayinikiwe, ngenkokhelo, ekhokhwa kusukela lesifunda emizimbeni ukuzibusa ngokuthi abasebenzi bakaMasipala.

Yingakho-ke nje uhlala ukuphetha ngokuthi akuzona zonke umsebenzi kuyinto iphoyisa, kodwa noma isiphi isikhulu kuyoba isimo noma kamasipala abasebenzi.

Labo abasebenzi abangafuni abanezikhundla olusemthethweni, uyoba nomthwalo eSahlukweni 30 Criminal Code (ngokukhethekile, Art. 288 futhi Art. 292).

sina ubugebengu

Isimo wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpilo zabantu emphakathini futhi ukudala umphakathi lahlelwa futhi zikhululekile. Labo abenza ubugebengu ngokumelene nombuso, bejeziswa khona kakhulu.

uyingozi kakhulu:

• ukuvukela ahlomile;
• ukuvukela umbuso ;
• nokugqugquzela enzondo yobuzwe luhloboluni inzondo yenkolo;
• ubunhloli;
• lokuvukela, akhiphe izimfihlo kazwelonke.

Vele izuzisa kangakanani amandla isimo ixhomeke yokuvumelana umsebenzi bakahulumeni, kanye nobuqotho bazo. Isimo akufanele futhi ngeke akubekezelele ukufumbathisa, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla eyakubona ku ingxenye abantu abahlangene yemfanelo uhulumeni.

isijeziso

Amacala ayebekwe isimo Criminal Code ujezisa ngaphandle ethize.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngokweqile amandla esemthethweni:

• Uma isenzo kuholele kokunikezwa kwe-izithakazelo esisemthethweni futhi amalungelo ezakhamizi noma izinhlangano, futhi noma iyiphi izithakazelo evikelwe seZwe noma umphakathi, futhi izimisele ku mercenary esibatshela noma ezinye isithakazelo somuntu siqu. Kulokhu, isijeziso kuhilela isigwebo ruble 80 000. Le mali ungayithola enye by iyiphi imali yisakhamuzi kwesikhathi kuze kufinyelele ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. isinqumo senkantolo angeke bavunyelwe ukuthi babambe nezikhundla ezinikeza abanye ezingeni elithile noma uhlobo, noma ukwenza imisebenzi ethile. Igama elithi ka kujeziswa lingafika iminyaka 5. Kungaba isijeziso ngesimo ngempoqo iminyaka afika kwamane. Buyisela lesi isijeziso kungaba ukubopha ka kwezinyanga ezine kuya kweziyisithupha. Kuyinto isijeziso elawula kunazo, lokusho bokuhlukaniswa inkululeko kufika eminyakeni engu-4.
• Isenzo esifanayo, kodwa izenzo zabo ngumuntu ngosesikhundleni yomphakathi noma iyinhloko igunya kahulumeni, kufanele bajeziswe ngumuntu esihle, okuzokwenza ukuba alingane ubukhulu z / noma imali engenayo ngoba inkathi eyiminyaka engu-1 kuya ku-2, noma inani ruble 100 000 kuya ku-300 000. Lemisebenti ingaphindze esetshenziswa ukwenza umsebenzi ophoqelelwe. Lo msebenzi ungase ingabalelwa nesikhathi kuya eminyakeni emihlanu. Umuntu ozakudinywa ilungelo ukusebenza. Futhi osebenza ejele isikhathi iminyaka engu-7.

Isijeziso ukufumbathisa

A ubugebengu ngokumelene nombuso, isibonelo lapho kungabonwa nsuku zonke ezindabeni - ukufumbathisa. Isijeziso ngesifumbathiso kuhilela esihle kanye / noma ukuboshwa.

izinhlobo eziningi obugebengu aphambene uhulumeni abe delineation ecacile wemfanelo futhi wenza njengokwesifiso isijeziso izinyathelo.

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi umuntu ogunyaziwe, isikhulu angaphandle noma isikhulu inhlangano yomphakathi sezizwe ezihlukahlukene uthola ngomkhulumeli noma umuntu isifumbathiso ngesimo isizumbulu semali, imibhalo eyigugu, amafa ngesimo amasevisi emthethweni noma amasevisi sithwele imvelo impahla esivuna umuntu onikeza isifumbathiso, ke ngeke bajeziswe ngumuntu esihle. usayizi esihle zokhahlamba kusuka ruble 1 million. Futhi, esihle kungaba ulingana nenani ngeholo isikhathi kuze kube iminyaka engu-2, noma inani elilingana 10-50 izikhathi ubukhulu ukufunjathiswa. Lokhu eqala bokuhlukaniswa ilungelo ukufuna umsebenzi endaweni ethize futhi wenze imisebenzi ethile (okulinganisela isikhathi - kuze kube iminyaka emithathu). Izinhlawulo kungenziwa emelelwa zabasebenzi izigwegwe esiyiminyaka elilodwa kuya kwamabili. Umuntu ophucwa ilungelo ukufuna umsebenzi izikhundla ezithile futhi wenze imisebenzi ethile isikhathi isikhathi babengagwetshwa iminyaka engaze ibe 3. Aqokwe definition umsebenzi ophoqelelwe kwesikhathi kuze iminyaka 5. Uhlinzeka bokuhlukaniswa amathuba banezikhundla noma enze umsebenzi othile isikhathi babengagwetshwa iminyaka engaze ibe 3. Kungenzeka futhi aboshwe isikhathi kuze iminyaka 3 kusukela inhlawulo ebekwe. Inhlawulo kungenzeka ulingana izikhathi eziyishumi noma izikhathi ezingamashumi amabili inani namaqhinga.

ngokulusebenzisa kabi isabelomali isijeziso

Amacala ayebekwe uhulumeni, izithakazelo sokusebenzela umphakathi ngesimo imali yomphakathi kusho ngamazinga ahlukene isijeziso.

Ukuchitha imali ibhajethi ngezinhloso angahlangabezani izimo lapho lapho yamukelwa ukukhiqiza isiginesha, ilinganisela, izizathu imali, isaziso kwezabelo kusukela isabelomali, eye eyayizenze isikali ikakhulukazi ezinkulu, esithola esihle.

nenani elihle ruble 100 000 kuya ku-300 000. noma elilingana nenkundla iholo noma ezinye engenayo kuze kuphele isikhathi unyaka 1 kuya eminyakeni emi-2. Kungaba ukuthi ziphinde zisetshenziswe umusho ngempoqo. Isikhathi imisebenzi enjalo - isikhathi esingaba iminyaka emibili. Kulokhu, lo umuntu engalali ilungelo banezikhundla ethize noma ukuqhuba imisebenzi ethile. inkathi mthetho kungaba ulingana iminyaka efinyelela kwemithathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kwabalelwa abe sejele babengagwetshwa iminyaka engaze ibe ezimbili ukufuna umsebenzi nge kuvinjelwe izikhundla ezithile noma ukwenza imisebenzi ethile isikhathi engu-3.

Concept futhi izinhlobo amacala ayebekwe isimo ahlinzekele umthwalo iqembu labantu abaye benza isenzo esingekho emthethweni.

Wokusebenzisa ngokungeyikho izimali kwesabelomali ngu licembu lebantfu ngesivumelwano ngaphambi (sivumelwano) noma ukweba imali ikakhulukazi enkulu isijeziso kuyoba inhlawulo. Ubukhulu bayo kungaba isukela ruble 200 000 500 000. Inhlawulo kungenzeka ulinganiswa iholo noma yimuphi omunye engenayo. Inkathi isikhathi lapho inani kuhoxiswe uneminyaka engu 1-3. Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ophoqelelwe isikhathi zabasebenzi kuze iminyaka 5 bese kuthi lawa amanye ilungelo abanezikhundla ezithile noma ukwenza uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi okwenza isikhathi kuze iminyaka 3. ejele zingasetshenziswa iminyaka 5 ne bokuhlukaniswa ilungelo ukufuna umsebenzi ku izikhundla ezithile noma bahlanganyele letsite.

usayizi elikhulu lizinga lemacala lentiwe isimo, izithakazelo sevisi uyasho imali kusuka ibhajethi, eyeqa esigidini ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amahlanu (1 500 000 deda.). Sivuma usayizi ikakhulukazi enkulu eziyisikhombisa kwezigidi ezinhlanu, iyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu (ruble 7.500.000.).

Ukungeza ulwazi olungamanga

(. Ngokuhambisana Article 285 we Criminal Code) Amacala uhulumeni, izithakazelo sokusebenzela umphakathi ngesimo okuphakelayo Unified State Register of ulwazi ngamabomu amanga zinezikhathi:

• ukwethulwa kolwazi kumbhalisi, okuyinto e kungathembeki kusengaphambili eyaziwa;
• ukuqaliswa manga kwemibhalo ukuthi aba isisekelo okufakwe ebhukwini;
• manga kwemibhalo, okubangela izinguquko ezincwadini;
• ekucwileni ezikweletini amadokhumenti asisekelo entry encwadini okubhalwa isimo, ikakhulukazi uma isitoreji amaphepha adingekayo kanye ebekiwe ngumthetho;
• ukubhujiswa amadokhumenti aba isisekelo izinguquko ebhukwini.

Ukuhlanganisa isijeziso ne ubugebengu

izikhulu Iningi uhulumeni uyavumelana nomqondo, othi degree of isijeziso kufanele ungaxhomeki kuphela kobukhulu ubugebengu. isijeziso Sane kufanele uqhubeke kusukela lokuthi lelipelwe kule nomthetho. Ukuqinisekisa nohlaka lomthetho ofanele futhi kufaneleka kuyadingeka emthethweni ukuba linqume lesi sijeziso esinzima kakhulu.

Kwesiphetho isijeziso, kanye umthwalo abasebenzi bayokudla baphose esivivaneni sokuqedwa into enjalo njengoba umthetho kwemandla embuso.