A kwesidumbu ngokwengqondo luhlolo ngobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqalisa uhlelo yayo

A kwesidumbu ngokwengqondo luhlolo forensic Kwenziwa ngokuhamba ukuphenywa kokuphulwa amacala ezigabeni ezahlukene. Ngakho, ngo-Ukuqulwa kwecala inqubo enjalo sabelwe ekuboneni ukuzibulala noma okusolwa kuso. I ochwepheshe, abaphethe sokufeza ukuzihlola okunjalo, kumele siqoqe ulwazi isimo kungenzeka ezingokomzwelo nezingokwengqondo zokuphila yomuntu ongasekho esikhathini ngokushesha okwandulela ukufa ngesikhathi lapho ivela khona.

Kwenziwe kwesidumbu forensic ngihlolwa ingqondo (EIT) futhi ezindabeni zomphakathi. It ezinqunyiwe lapho umuntu wenze noma ukuthi isenzo lahlanjalazwa ufile. Kulokhu inkantolo ikhiphe isinqumo fair kudinga imibono lochwepheshe emkhakheni wolwazi kwengqondo.

izizathu

Postmortem forensic ngihlolwa ingqondo umiselwa:

- uma uhlola yokuthi sokufa enobudlova, uma umphumela inguqulo yokuthuthukisa ukubulala kungenzeka, okuyinto wazifihla njengendlela ukuzibulala, kanye noHezekeli;

- amacala ngokulandelana ukunquma ikhono testator sika kubona nekuvisisa izenzo ezenziwa kubo.

Izici

Ukuqhuba luhlolo ngokwengqondo eyenziwa parallel luhlolo kwesidumbu isidumbu. Ingxenye yale izinqubo Izinjongo luqondane. Lokhu ukuthola ngokwabo izizathu kokuyeka ukuphila, futhi ukuthola ngasekupheleni izifo, nokunye. D. Nokho, izinkinga zisuke luhlolo ethe xaxa kwengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bababukela siphishekele injongo yezokwelapha nje kuphela. Iqiniso lokuthi, njengoba umthetho, olwenziwa luhlolo ngokwengqondo eenkambisweni zobulelesi. Futhi ngakho-ke yakhelwe ukuphendula imibuzo ngokobana ngikuphi ekwenzeke Kwesimo ngokwengqondo umuntu futhi izizathu okuyinto wayithukuthelisa umuntu izenzo ezithile.

ucwaningo Ubunkimbinkimbi

A-forensic luhlolo ngokwengqondo postmortem akuwona neze umsebenzi olula. Okokuqala, ngoba uma nokuqaliswa kwalo akuyona isivivinyo. On the state ngokwengqondo kwe-into ucwaningo kungaqondakala kunobufakazi ebhaliwe futhi athole wonke amaqiniso. Leli qiniso kakhulu uchaza iqiniso lokuthi kwesidumbu ngokwengqondo luhlolo nzulu kakhulu isikhathi esiningi futhi kunzima.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe uhlobo ubufakazi Ubhale kuphela. Abakwazi ukunquma ngokugcwele isimo ngokwengqondo ubuso yombambiqhaza. Uhlu kwemibhalo abanjalo bangabaphostoli izitifiketi yezokwelapha yakhe nemlandvo wetekwelashwa kwakhe, kanye inothi eliqukethe umbhalo imishwana yakhe ejwayelekile.

Postmortem forensic ngihlolwa ingqondo ngokuvamile kwenziwa ukuhlonza ukungakwazi ka isakhamuzi uhlelo ukuphathwa ngezenzo zabo futhi baqonde esikushoyo yabo. Lokhu ukuziphatha lihlotshaniswa isifo esithile kubangelwa ukwazi kahle. Nokho, phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe odokotela musa unamathisele ukubaluleka ngokukhethekile ukujula kanye ukuma ezenzeka okuthile engqondweni. Lapho ukuziphatha ezolile esiguli, odokotela kuphawulwe isimo kuphela jikelele umuntu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwesidumbu ngokwengqondo luhlolo forensic kusekelwe ukuchitha ubufakazi bofakazi kanye imibhalo. Lezi idatha, ngokuhlanganyela yezizathu ezihlukahlukene inhloso kanye subjective kungaba impikiswano kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye ofakazi ngezinye izikhathi babe nesithakazelo somuntu siqu endabeni isiteshi esithile. Lokhu kuchaza khona yezizathu subjective. Ezinye kuwukuziphikisa ukubukwa kungabonakala nasemkhakheni ngudokotela ukuxhumana ngqo isiguli. Lokhu kuwachaza kahle umehluko imvelo umgomo.

Kumele ukuthi ndlela ebanjwa posthumous ngokwengqondo luhlolo izinsalela, ukuthuthukiswa efanele ingakamiswa wathola. Lokhu kwenzeka naphezu kokuba isidingo esilokhu sanda izifundo ezinjalo, isibonelo, kusukela namaqhinga nabakhwabanisi ekhethwe njengedifolthi into the izenzo zobugebengu abantu abadala.

Into EIT postmortem

Ukuqokwa forensic luhlolo ngokwengqondo kuba nesidingo ekunqumeni umthamo zomthetho kanye nokwanela izenzo kwenziwe ngazo.

Izinto postmortem EIT yilezi:

- empilweni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo umufi (esikhathini sakhe);
- ubufakazi bofakazi;
- incazelo ngezimo ukufa;
- Cishe izinto ezibangela ngeziphambeko ukuziphatha;
- izici umuntu oshonile.

Ukucutshungulwa zezici zaholela ekufeni

Into ebaluleke kakhulu EIT posthumous iyona impilo umufi phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Lokhu isici ngokuvamile ephawula futhi sichaza (ezimweni eziningi) izenzo umuntu uphenyo.

Ngesisekelo cwaningo abhekwa yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ezimweni eziningi, wona aholela ukuphambuka ethile e ukuziphatha nesineke. Isibalo pathologies zibala:

- lissentsefaliya;
- Alzheimer;
- gipoplazmiya cerebellar;
- ukopha intracerebral;
- leukomalacia;
- posturing normal;
- encephalomalacia multicystic;
- ubuthongo ukukhubazeka;
- encephalitis Rasmussen sika;
- ukuqwasha ebulalayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe batadisha zempilo yengqondo oshonile. Lokhu ucabangela:

- ubufakazi temuntfu wesitsatfu;
- kokuqondisa kwengqondo;
- isitatimende akhawunti;
- ukulungisa Iqiniso okuthile engqondweni.

Ngemva kwesifundo uchwepheshe siqala ukusebenza nofakazi. Interrogates abangane, izihlobo kanye nozakwabo salowo oshonile. Ngokusho imiphumela ngokuthi lichaza umsebenzi owenziwa izenzo nezenzo zokuphila yomuntu ongasekho.

Lezi zifundo uvumele ukwenza portrait ngokwengqondo umuntu, futhi ukucacisa khona ngeziphambeko kungenzeka. Ngaphezu impilo uchwepheshe isakhamuzi uhlola izimo lapho kwakukhona isimo okukhulunywa ngaso, ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa ukucindezeleka engqondweni nasemzimbeni futhi kakhulu. Uchwepheshe fixed izici kuyacasula, kwasusa isinyathelo ezithile zabantu.

imisebenzi

Posthumous ngihlolwa ingqondo olwenziwa phakathi uphenyo kwanoma iyiphi abazibulalayo esolwa noma kakade ukuqinisekisile. Kwenzeka ukuthi Eqinisweni ukuzibulala abasebenzi uphenyo ngokucacile ayifakiwe. Ezimweni ezinjalo, EIT postmortem kuyadingeka ukucacisa izimo zokufa uchaze izimbangela.

Ngezinye izikhathi yokuthi ukuzibulala isobala. Kulokhu, ochwepheshe sifuna ukucacisa isimo basuka ukuphila kobuntu predetermined isikhawu okuyinto andulela ukuzibulala. Ukufunda ngezinto ezinjalo zisisiza ukuba ukufunda lo mkhuba ukuzibulala. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuba iqhinga izenzo zokuvimbela ukuvimbela amacala afanayo.

Posthumous ngihlolwa ingqondo uqokwa nalapho lesi sidumbu sitholwe ngaphandle iminonjana ebonakalayo lokubangela ubudlova. Ukufunda ngezinto ezinjalo abazenzi ekuthatheni isinyathelo uphenyo noma iziphathimandla zokwahlulela. Ngezinye izikhathi EIT posthumous esimisiwe ngesicelo abathintekayo. Zingaba izihlobo, abangane, nokunye. D. imisebenzi ethize futhi linikeza uhlu lwemibuzo ukuthi kumelwe anikele impendulo oluphelele kuya uchwepheshe ngaphambi kokuqala kwesifundo ifakwa ezimweni ezinjalo.

Ngokwesibonelo, ucwaningo zenzelwe:

- ukusungula isimo ngokwengqondo kwabafileyo;
- ukuthola lezo zinto ezibangela ukuthi abe imbangela kunokwenzeka sokufa;
- ukuhlonza imbangela yokufa kweqiniso;
- ukusungula izenzo zabanye, ukuthi utshelwa izakhamuzi ukuba ukuzibulala;
- ukunquma wemfanelo isakhamuzi ngesikhathi ngokuhamba kwakhe ekuphileni.

ngezigaba

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene forensic luhlolo ngokwengqondo eyenziwa ngemva kokufa kwakhe. It libhekwa group ezimisiwe ochwepheshe. Ngakho, ukuhlolwa icala:

- wezifo zengqondo forensic;
- forensic ikhomishana zengqondo;
- olunzulu forensic seksologo zengqondo;
- wabagula ngengqondo oluphelele forensic;
- Psychological and zengqondo seksologo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokwahlulela.

Ukuqokwa postmortem EIT e zemibango

A kwesidumbu forensic ngihlolwa ingqondo esasivumele ukuba sinikeze izimpendulo zemibuzo eminingi. Kodwa lo main futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphela kwesizathu injongo yayo iwukuhlola ukunquma degree of ingqondo yomuntu ngesikhathi ngesikhathi enza lokhu noma lokhuya isenzo, kubhekwe enkantolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho esigebengwini amacala ekuqhutshweni kwendawo ngokuvamile ilungelo lokuyithola njengefa. Ubuchwepheshe liyadingeka ezimweni lapho izindlalifa ezingaba nezesikhathi esizayo baphikisana intando nezenzo kakade ongasekho testator. Inkantolo angeke elibanzi futhi ngesikhathi esifushane ukusungula izimo ubuhlobo imbangela nemphumela ekhona. Ezimweni ezinjalo, futhi kubalulekile ukuba uthintane ochwepheshe. Imibuzo luhlolo ngokwengqondo ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona ukunquma:

- izici ezingokwengqondo isimo umuntu ngesikhathi lapho isenzo eyafezwa impikiswano;
- ukubona izimpawu ezifihlekile izinqubo ngokwengqondo ezenzeka kulesi simo;
- khona esimweni esithile ngokomzwelo umuntu ngaphansi kwethonya izici ezihlukahlukene.

Ochwepheshe ucabange izinto hhayi kuphela nengqondo, kodwa futhi izici ngokomzimba umthelela izenzo nezinqumo omuntu oshonile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyabucabangela iqembu yobudala owafa. Iziphetho eyenziwe ochwepheshe, ithunyelwa igunya zokwahlulela futhi ayikwazanga kakhulu ukushintsha ibhalansi izikhundla amaqembu '.

imithombo Non-zenqubo kolwazi

Wonke amadokhumenti ezichazwe ngenhla, uma umphenyi uchwepheshe noma inkantolo. Kodwa kukhona imithombo non-zenqubo kusukela lapho umcwaningi ethola ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze ngokwabo.

Lezi zihlanganisa amazinga kanye nemigomo, izincwadi kanye namafayela, imiyalelo kanye nemihlahlandlela. Isethi ezithile emithonjeni efana kunqunywa kuye imisebenzi ethize kanye nezinga okhokhelwayo.

Iziphetho postmortem EIT

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni kokuhlaziywa ngokwengqondo esetshenziswa ukuze kuhlolwe ngamunye icala ngazinye, uchwepheshe ayikwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuphendula ngokucacile imibuzo abuzwa wona. Kusho ukuthini?

INkantolo izochachiswa lokhu njengoba isiphelo sesimiso ukungakwazi kwakhe konke ukuze athole ubufakazi kokubili nenkhulumombiko, bethonywe ukuthi yimaphi zici yezenzo kanye nezinqumo zesigungu oshonile phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. luhlolo okutholakele lapho kuzoxoxwa lwesikhashana efake izincomo.

Ukwenza isiphetho

Emuva kokuhlolwa kwesidumbu we uchwepheshe ezingokwengqondo, isenzo esihambisanayo. Lona umbhalo oseceleni, okuyinto umthombo ubufakazi forensic. Mthetho, esihlelwe ngomumo ngochwepheshe, ahlolwe ngokuhlanganyela nezinye ubufakazi etholakala uphenyo. Liqukethe amaqiniso okuyizona ezibalulekile ekwenzeni isinqumo esifanele mayelana naleli cala.

I uchwepheshe yahlelwa isenzo useshumayela izizathu oholele isidingo salolu cwaningo futhi likhomba izinjongo cwaningo, umncintiswano, etholwe ngenxa imiphumela umsebenzi. Zonke iziphetho oluqukethwe lapha akufanele kube ubufakazi balokho. Bonke zisekelwa justifications ezifanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isazi alinalo ilungelo eqele ngalé ulwazi lwabo olukhethekile. Kumelwe anikeze izimpendulo kuphela labo imibuzo iwe ngaphansi kwalokho enekhono lakho ukuthi, futhi ukukwenza ngokuya categorical. ezizathwini kungenzeka avunyelwe kuphela ezindabeni eziphathelene ubudlelwane esiyimbangela phakathi komuntu test futhi izenzo zakhe khona iziyaluyalu womuntu kwengqondo.

ukuthembeka

Labo iziphetho zenziwa ngomunye abanamakhono umphumela kwesidumbu luhlolo ezingokwengqondo, abanakwethenjwa ngaso sonke isikhathi kubonakala ngokugcwele. Lezi zifundo impendulo yeqiniso anganika kuphela uma ubufakazi bodokotela, futhi kukhona ofakazi, eqinisekisa izimo ebekwe leli phephandaba.

Ukuhlolwa Mthetho postmortem EIT

Veza umbono ethile lwentiwe umbono uchwepheshe - kuba kwekhono abameli. Ngezinye izikhathi nesenzo kokuhlaziywa kwenziwa njengengxenye kabusha luhlolo, lo owaqokwa inkantolo.

Kodwa ukuthi kungase kube yiqiniso, zonke ebekwe amalungiselelo okuphetha kumele kuhambisane nezidingo imithetho ekhona futhi ezingeni lapho lwanamuhla uchwepheshe umkhuba futhi imfundiso.