Zaha Hadid: Architecture. Biography kanye nempilo yakho Zaha naseHadidi

Ezweni lanamuhla elisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe kukhona abaklami eziningi, kodwa kuphela ezinye zazo avelele ngempela. Omunye ochwepheshe umhlabeleli kulo mkhakha bakholwe Zakho naseHadidi. Biography lalona wesifazane ugcwele esiteji ekhungathekisayo empilweni. amaphrojekthi Emikhulu, izici ngokubabazekayo, ikhono uzinikele futhi umsebenzi wakho - kungokuthile ephawula Zakho naseHadidi.

Ngubani Zaha naseHadidi?

Biography wezakhiwo omkhulu ngokuyinhloko exhunywe ne Baghdad. Lapha, ngo-1950, yena wazalwa ngo lomkhaya ocebile, okuqondene ekilasini onxiwankulu. igama likababa wakhe kwakungu Muhammad Al Haj Hussein, nonina - Vadzhiha al Sabundzhi. Zach imfundo lokuqala ngesikhathi American University, etholakala e Beirut, eklasini izibalo. Khona-ke eminyakeni emihlanu wamthatha ukuqeqeshwa e-London Association of Architects. Ngemva kokuthola lokhu imfundo, yena waqala ukusebenza kwehhovisi lathumela, okuyinto is owned by nothisha wayo futhi umeluleki, REMA Kolhasa. Ukwamukela izimfanelo engcono namakhono umakhi enhle Dutch Zaha wanquma ukusungula ngokuqinile sakhe Zaha naseHadidi Architects.

Ngesikhathi ngiba ibhungu, yena wayedume umcabango olungenamkhawulo. Kakade ngaleso sikhathi umakhi encane Zaha naseHadidi kwenziwe imisebenzi ehlukahlukene oda noma ngokuzithandela. Phakathi iziphakamiso zayo Okunye esasikwenza imisebenzi efana kwebhuloho owakhiwe elinqamula uMfula iThames, noma phezulu nabokhulumile eLeicester. Izakhiwo Zaha naseHadidi njalo kube okwakhe ezithile. Isibonelo salokhu iphrojekthi the club, okuyinto indawo endaweni kwakufanele abe intaba ephakeme. Khona-ke yena uqagula Zaha naseHadidi wathola imiklomelo ehlukahlukene lathumela, kodwa akawatholanga izindlela asebenze. Isizathu esibaluleke kunazo zonke iyona zokungazimiseli ukuthatha amakhasimende e umsebenzi non-standard, entsha, iphrojekthi ezintsha. Kodwa wonke amaphrojekthi Zaha naseHadidi babe yokuqala.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Zaha namanje kubhekwa umakhi kweqiniso. Ngemva ukuqashelwa wakhe baqala ukuza amaphrojekthi ezithakazelisayo. "Vitra" kwaba isakhiwo sokuqala ngu Zaha naseHadidi inkampani ifenisha. Kubo ke uye wazakhela abezicishamlilo ngesimo webhomu. Wabe banikeza amaphrojekthi abaningi, futhi ngenxa yalokho lesi sakhiwo kusukela umakhi manje kukhona kunenqwaba yamadolobha.

ukuphila Siqu Zaha naseHadidi, nakuba kungebona bonke impumelelo yayo kanye ukubukeka ekhangayo, futhi ayikwazanga iyahambelana. It is baqaphela ngokugcwele njengoba wezakhiwo, kodwa awakwazanga waqaphela njengomuntu wesifazane.

Ukufa ezingalindelekile a

Mashi 31, 2016 Life ushiye enkulu wezakhiwo Zaha naseHadidi yesimanjemanje. Imbangela yokufa nentokazi enhle futhi abanamakhono kubalulekile kakhulu futhi njalo. Zach eneminyaka engu-65 ubudala wabulawa yisifo senhliziyo. Kwenzeka wakhe e Miami. Lapha efika kuphela ukwelapha ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula yakho. Ngakho, ngemva kwesikhashana kwakungeyona abakhaliphile yasekuqaleni futhi umuntu ekhuthele kakhulu. Ngeshwa, kwakungelula ngaso abantwana Zaha naseHadidi, ngakho ngemva kokufa kwakhe, isikhumbuzo yowesifazane yayimane nje lomsebenzi futhi ibhizinisi.

ngendlela yokudala

umsebenzi Zaha naseHadidi sika abanesifiso umphakathi kanye namakhasimende, ngemva emhlabeni ngajwayelana ukudalwa omangalisayo Frenka Buyela Umva --Guggenheim Museum, elakhiwa e-Bilbao. Runaway funa izakhiwo Zaha naseHadidi lithole ngemva kokuba iqhaza ekwakhiweni Centre for Contemporary Art Rosenthal. Design Its yezakhiwo njalo uya kungqubuzana canons owamukelwa. Kuzo zonke umsebenzi Zaha naseHadidi Uzame okungaphezu Isikhala ukunikeza sikhonzi esaba negalelo elisha. Ngakho, ngo-imiklamo yayo kungaba ukulandela ngombono osontekile, kusiza ukuhlonza engeli abukhali futhi curvatures.

Owesifazane wezakhiwo Zaha naseHadidi wasebenza emihle amafomu ezinkulu. Kodwa ngaphezu ithalente wezakhiwo walo, kwakukhona futhi ikhono okungavamile ukudala ukufaka, yaseshashalazini lishona, Interiors, imidwebo ngisho izicathulo. Qalisa umsebenzi encane Zaha ayalolongwa amafomu amasha. Izakhiwo Zaha naseHadidi ukuhlobisa eziningi edolobheni nemisebenzi yayo encane agcinwa iminyuziyamu ezifana Moma, German Museum of Architecture nabanye. Ngaphezu kokwakha amafomu amasha futhi izinto Zaha namanje ngenjabulo wabelane kolwazi lwabo. Yena njalo unika master emakilasini futhi ozongitshela emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele.

Phakathi imisebenzi Zaha Hadid - uchungechunge ifenisha amaqoqo. Omunye ingaphakathi esimnandi kakhulu, adalwe Zaha ungukukhanya "Chandler Vortex" futhi kwesitulo "Crystal". amaphrojekthi abahlukile zokudala kwaholela Zakho design embukisweni lokuqala e Miami, lapho yena waklonyeliswa isihloko "Umklami Yonyaka."

Zahi isigxivizo eRussia

Russia Zaha wavakashela izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu Zaha naseHadidi sekulula ngempela. Ngo-2004 wabizwa ukuba Hermitage Theatre, lapho umklomelo yanikwa Pitskerovskuyu. Ngawo lowo nyaka, Zaha naseHadidi ufunda inkulumo ezithakazelisayo ngesikhathi Central Indlu uMklami. Ngemva konyaka, waphindela eRussia nesigaba master, owawusedolobheni embukisweni Arch eMoscow. Ngawo lowo nyaka baletha Zaha iphrojekthi eMoscow. Le nkampani "Capital Group" ahlinzekwa wezakhiwo okungavamile yakhelwe okuyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlala "Picturesque Tower." Ngakho kwaba khona isakhiwo sokuqala ngu Zaha naseHadidi eMoscow. Ikheli le sakhiwo: Ul. Picturesque. Ngemva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa, ngo-2012, Zaha naseHadidi wathatha ukwakhiwa mansion Futuristic Vladislav Doronin ku Rublevo-Uspensky onguthelawayeka.

Ngo-2015 eMoscow, wakha samabhizinisi entsha "Relight Plaza", okuyinto wayeba njengompristi wezakhiwo Zaha naseHadidi. Moscow, Sharikopodshipnikovskaya Street 5 - ikheli isakhiwo esisha umakhi omkhulu eRussia. Isakhiwo senziwa isitayela avant-garde, futhi efika kuqala kubonakala sengathi lo unguZiqu-into cosmic wehlele emhlabeni evela eZulwini.

ukwakhiwa Legendary Zaha naseHadidi

isakhiwo ngasinye, elaklanywa naseHadidi Zaki, iba legend. Ungathatha noma yimuphi umsebenzi ngalo, futhi ngayinye kuwo elingangena ngokuphepha ngokuthi okungcono. Phakathi kwemisebenzi ezimangalisayo Zaha Hadid:

1. Tower e-Beijing - into eshaya hhayi kuphela kunomzimba waso, kodwa futhi ezintsha. Abadali ekwakhiweni isetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obufana, okuzokwenza inciphise amandla ukusetshenziswa ukunciphisa ekushayweni ukungcola.
2. Rosenthal Centre for Contemporary Art in America - le phrojekthi ulilethele Zaha naseHadidi Pritzker Prize.
3. Zithuthukisa Innsbruck.
4. Inhloko BMW isakhiwo e Leipzig - umphumela rethinking bendabuko yasehhovisi.
5. National Art Museum of the kwekhulu lamashumi amabili nanye eRoma.
6. amanzi sports centre yaseLondon - isakhiwo esidalelwe iMidlalo Yama-Olympic ngo-2012.
7. Cent Geydera Aliyev e Baku - badunyiswe umengameli wesithathu Azerbaijan.
8. inxuluma Futuristic phezu ruble eMoscow - indlu ezweni Vladislav Doronin, ongaboni okusikhumbuza mkhathi.
9. Central Bank of Iraq - ibaluleke kakhulu Zaha sakhiwo kusukela yayakhiwe kwelakubo. Ngeshwa, ngesikhathi omkhulu wezakhiwo ukulethwa eyakhelwe kwaba akasaphili.
10. Polytechnic University of Hong Kong - lapho ubheka ngokushesha ukukhunjuzwa edume "Titanic."

Lezi nje umsebenzi othile elihle Zaha naseHadidi. Ayikho ngaphansi idolo futhi ezinkulu amaphrojekthi kwakhona isakhiwo Museum wezokuThutha e Glasgow, izimayini Museum e-Italy, ukuyothenga nokuzijabulisa isikhungo e Beijing, kanye nabanye. Umsebenzi eziningana superepatazhnyh Zaha Hadit wachaza ngokuningiliziwe.

Galaxy ABU (Beijing)

Lesi sakhiwo esihle esisogwini isiqinti 47.000 metres square. Ukwakhiwa izakhiwo into kwadonsa izinyanga ezingu-30 esikhathini kusuka 2009 kuya 2012. Kulesi sakhiwo isakhiwo sokuqala ukuze kwakhiwe e China for phrojekthi Zaha naseHadidi. Ochwepheshe nabahluleli bakholelwa ukuthi ABU - kudalwa engcono naseHadidi lonke elase-Asia. Ngokusho nomqondo ejensi yezakhiwo Zaha naseHadidi, lesi sakhiwo ayengekho emakhoneni ebukhali. Njengoba igama, kwaba ekuqaleni kwakhe futhi ngokuthi "akukho emakhoneni." Patrik Schumacher, Zaha uzakwabo, wanquma ukuthi kwakuyilo igama ongahluziwe kakhulu umqondo futhi okuphakanyiswe kabusha "izakhiwo yonke indawo engezansi."

Indawo eziyinkimbinkimbi ayizinkulungwane 330 square metres. Siqukethe izinto ezinhlanu-ntathu. Ngamunye wabo has simise oyindilinga kanye ifinyelela ukuphakama 67 metres. Phakathi ngamunye makhemikhali exhunyiwe ezahlukene ezingeni izibuya nakuzingxenyekazi embozwe imigudu. Ngenxa ukuqoqa of ophahleni zibukeke eziyinkimbinkimbi kwakunjani isihloko okusheshayo-ezihambayo. Lesi sakhiwo has a kwagcizelela uzimele ukhonkolo. Ukuphakama ophahleni ehhovisi kuze kube ngamamitha amathathu nesigamu. Ukuhweba izibuya Uphahla lwangaphakathi ungandiza ukuphakama ngamamitha amahlanu. All in a eziyinkimbinkimbi 18 iphansi, ezintathu zazo yilezi ngomshoshaphansi. Emhlabeni isakhiwo kukhona yokupaka izimoto 1.250.

Geydara Alieva Isikhungo samasiko

Lesi sakhiwo is abatelekile isikali yayo. Le ndawo ingqikithi endaweni ke ithatha ezingaphezu kuka 111.000 square metres. Ngaphakathi kwezindonga isikhungo samasiko abanjalo ekamelweni ezibalulekile njengoba emnyuziyamu, ihholo inkomfa, umtapo. Kukhona endaweni ekhethekile izinhlobo ezahlukene izenzakalo. Nokunqoba isabelo isakhiwo abe esobala ngokuphelele ingilazi izindonga. Ngefomethi enjengalena yayenziwa hhayi kuphela izindonga, kodwa futhi yangaphakathi. Lokhu kunciphisa amandla ukusetshenziswa kanye nokusetshenziswa esiphezulu yokukhanya yemvelo. Njengoba cishe wonke amaphrojekthi by Zaha naseHadidi Architects Geydara Alieva yemasiko siqukethe imigqa oyindilinga. Kulesi sakhiwo ihlangana ukuzinikela inamagquma kuya esibhakabhakeni kanye indlela yayo kancane kancane umhlaba. Lokhu umqondo yephrojekthi is anginikhethanga ngengozi. Ngokwe abalobi, okokuqala kugxilwa ukuba ihlanganise okungenamingcele isikhathi. Umbala isakhiwo mhlophe ukuthi iwuphawu ikusasa eliqhakazile.

CMA CGM Tower (Marseille, France)

Amandla wezakhiwo odumile we-Arab umsuka ukwakhiwa skyscraper umxhwele laqedwa ngo-2011. Sekukonke anakho izibuya 37 egcwele. Ukuphakama ingqikithi isakhiwo 147 amamitha. indawo yayo uku yamabhizinisi eduze ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi Marseille. Lapha, le phezulu iyona Isakhiwo esiphakeme kunazo zonke. Injongo ukwakhiwa - ehhovisi lenhloko inkampani yasendaweni CMA CGM. Indlunkulu sinendawo evumayo kakhulu maqondana ugu, kuwo isakhiwo, kukhona yikhulu amamitha. Ilungelo ukwenza umsebenzi yokwakhiwa ejensi yezakhiwo Zaha naseHadidi etholwe ukunqoba umncintiswano ekhethekile ihlelwe 2004. Ukuqala ukwakhiwa wethulwa ngonyaka ofanayo. Ngemva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa, ke asewenzile kakade ukuze operation. Ngo spaciousness yayo buthule ekwakheni lingahlala abantu 2,700. Ngokusho iphrojekthi ngesikhathi phezulu yokupaka ezazakhiwe izimoto 700 izithuthuthu 200. Izivakashi Ungavakashela futhi lapha yokudlela, okuyinto ihlalisa abantu 800, noma ejimini. Kundawo yayo isakhiwo cishe 94.000 metres square. Ngokuya ukubaluleka phezulu kuyinto phezulu namabhilidi 10 ngo-2011.

Omunye weziNkulungwane Museum Tower (Miami, USA)

Skyscraper ukuphakama izibuya ayisithupha Yakhiwa ngaphansi phrojekthi Zaha naseHadidi enhliziyweni Miami, Biscayne Boulevard. Indlu ihlanganisa 83 amafulethi okunethezeka. Endaweni efulethini ngamunye uhlukile, kanye nezindleko zabo. Intengo ubuncane igumbi kuyinto $ 5 million. Umkhawulo kufinyelelwe nanhlanu million. Ngokusho Zaha naseHadidi, lokhu sakhiwo kwakufanele kuthinte skyline zaleli dolobha. Umakhi phrojekthi ehlongozwayo ngasesinqeni se isakhiwo ukwenza yesikhulumi kusukela lapho umbhoshongo izokwakhiwa. Ngesimo, umbhoshongo kuzohluka kusukela eduze nomklamo walo ongajwayelekile. Kwakubonakala sengathi ukuphela kwento aluka ngaphandle kwe-uzimele ukhonkolo. Ngempela, ingxenye udonga lwangaphandle lwesakhiwo iba, amagatsha esihlahla-like kusahlangene. Balcony kanye loggias ezindlini like bangcwatshwe ngendiza ezivamile olungaphambili lwesonto. Inhloso ye-yesikhulumi kuyinto kudalwa izindawo multi-purpose yomphakathi. Kukhona izitolo, cinema, isikhungo ukuqina. Ozungezayo ephansi isakhi metal panel nge perforations. Bona ukunikeza Futuristic catwalk isitayela.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe we xxi Century (Rome)

National Museum of Art ohlelweni of Zaha naseHadidi isibe olwenzeka elikhulu emasikweni ahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngesisekelo lesi sakhiwo senziwa ukuthatha eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto kwaku emabhalekisini Montello. Ukuze eRoma ke ufanekisela kakhulu ukuthi entsha namasiko luhlobo lakhiwa phezu isakhiwo esidala. Isikhala sangaphakathi Museum kwekhulu lama-21 kuyinto ayizinkulungwane 21 square metres. Ngokubukeka, kuba sengathi kuhlangene eqandisiwe phakade ageleza udaka mlilo. Lo mphumela owadalwa odlulayo nomunye izakhiwo ngakuthathu sasakhiwe ngokhonkolo. A indima enkulu ezisezikhungweni kwamasiko ukudlala indawo ingilazi. Cishe wonke phansi kuqala futhi uphahla zakhiwe ekhanyayo. Ngakho bonke amasiko kungenziwa ngokuhlongozwe ngaphansi imini agcinwe Museum. Ngaphakathi isakhiwo iyona ATRIUM behlangene kusuka imikhakha emibili. It uxhuma wonke amakamelo phakathi Museum. Izinguquko futhi ukuvuleka adynamic ngaphakathi esakhiweni njengomuntu iribhoni abamnyama, eluka izindonga zaba mhlophe obuphathekayo isakhiwo. I umhlobiso yezakhiwo Museum ngo-2010 waklonyeliswa Stirling Prize e-United Kingdom. Ngakho, enye ngilambatha Zaha naseHadidi aye wawenza akhanya ekamu ngo ifa ezweni Akumangalisi okungavamile.

Capital Hill Residence (eMoscow)

Vladislav Doronin neze skimp ekudaleni induduzo yakho. Kuyasebenza nasezingxoxweni impahla yakhe. Ngakho, ngo-2015, Zaha naseHadidi yakhelwe umklamo Futuristic yendlu yakhe, okuyinto lakhiwa oligarch ku Rublevo-Uspensky onguthelawayeka. Le ndawo ingqikithi isakhiwo nemfashini futhi sverhneobychnogo kuyinto ezimbili namakhulu isigamu square metres. Ngesisekelo nomqondo Zaha naseHadidi baba Ecostyle. Uma kuhlelelwa Doronin ikhaya wazama ngokuvumelanayo ufane ubuchwepheshe besimanje izici zemvelo. Kungakhathaliseki kubhekwa nalo endlini nje umuzwa elafika okuvela kwenye iplanethi, umkhumbi isikhala sazinza Barvikha. Amakamelo ngaphakathi esakhiweni ihlukaniswe amazinga amane. Phansi kuyinto egumbini lokuphumula, ejimini, sauna, ikamelo isitimu Hammam futhi ikamelo massage. Okulandelayo ukuza yokwamukela yezivakashi, ikhishi kanye egunjini lokudlela kanye lokubhukuda. Phansi phezulu has a umtapo, nursery, igumbi lokuphumula kanye nehholo elikhulu. Phansi yokugcina kuhlanganisa ikamelo Sebawoti okunethezeka ithala.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-design emizi yabantu abafakiwe lunye eziyisisekelo Zaha naseHadidi. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, lo msebenzi ethola imali amaqanda eziyisithupha. Ngenxa yalokho, ibhizinisi inyunyana Zaha naseHadidi futhi Vladislav Doronin kuye kwabonisa umhlaba umklamo kanye lomhlaba ndlu enhle yangasese. Into kuphela ukuthi uhlala engacacile abantu abaningi, ukuthi ubani uya khona. Kukholakala ukuthi le ndlu, njengabanye abaningi, Billionaire eMoscow Uyoletha njengesipho yakhe ayithandayo uNawomi Campbell.