Yiziphi umtapo: umlando imvelaphi, zilwane kanye nokubuyekeza

abantu Okumangazayo ukudalwa incwadi futhi umtapo - iyingxenye ebalulekile isiko izwe ngalinye. Likhachev Dmitry Sergeyevich kanye kushiwo kufanele ukuthi uma kuze kushe izinhlanga ukuhlela, bese ngempela avuselele isiko, noma ngabe izikole uzonyamalala. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu baqonde ukuthi yini imitapo ezidingekayo.

isidingo imitapo

Endulo imitapo babe ekhosombeni zemibhalo yesandla, futhi ngemva Endulo, base siguqulelwa izikhungo zomphakathi, okwakukhona ukukhuthaza ulwazi. Russia wababona okokuqala endaweni ethile XI-XII eminyaka.

Namuhla kule ndawo ungathola incwadi sihluke kakhulu endaweni oyifunayo umsebenzi, cwaningo kanye nje kumnandi. Ngakho kungani siyidinga imitapo?

Injongo eyinhloko imitapo - inhlangano weqoqo, ukulondolozwa nokusetshenziswa social kanye nezinye izincwadi. Ekuqaleni, umtapo edingekayo ukuze ukufunda ukuthola ulwazi. Badinga konke: izingane zasenkulisa, izingane zesikole, abafundi, abahola impesheni kanye izazi.

Ososayensi kwenziwa kuye kwabonisa ukuthi ubuchopho bomuntu ekwazi Imininingwane njengengcebo enkulu kunemicebo eLibrary of Congress of America. Nokho, abantu ongakabi wafunda ukusebenzisa wonke amathuba zobuchopho, ngakho encwadini esitolo ngeke zinyamalale kanye uzodingwa. Manje wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi yini ezilungele imitapo ezidingekayo.

Umtapo lokuqala

Emuva ezinsukwini ubudala e-Asia kwakhiwa umtapo okuthiwa. Ngo eNippur assemblage esiyingqayizivele Izibhebhe zobumba ziye zatholakala (2500 BC), okuthiwa bakudala ncwadi Depository. Kamuva ngo-mbhoshongo kaFaro wathola papyrus.

Ekhulwini lesine BC Neqhawe wavula wokuqala okuthiwa evulekile umtapo eGreece. Ngekhulu lesithathu BC leminyaka wasungula i-Alexandria onalo izincwadi, okuyinto kufanele ithathwa njengendlela isikhungo cwe yezincwadi zasendulo. Umtapo kuhlanganisa astroobservatorii, ezesayensi yezitshalo yempilo yezilwane izingadi, amakamelo zokuphila futhi ukufundwa izincwadi. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho-ke aphenduka emnyuziyamu, okuyinto ugcwele eyayigcwele izilwane, eziqoshiwe kanye izesekeli imithi nesayensi yokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izindawo ezinjalo ezakhiwa ngesikhathi ezingcwele. Ingabe umtapo kudingeka? Ngalezo zinsuku, lo mbuzo akazange abuzwe. Abantu wabhala phansi ulwazi lwabo ngobuciko ukudlulisela ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.

imibhalo yesandla ezibalulekile

NgeNkathi Ephakathi ku imitapo Russian Izigodlo eziqhutshwa izitolo ukuze ubhale yonke imibhalo yesandla. Ngokuvamile ikopishwe edition yesonto. Ukwenza imibhalo yesandla Kwakunzima kakhulu isikhathi inqubo, kodwa ngoba incwadi kwadingeka okubaluleke kakhulu. Yingakho ngo vaults ekhethekile base aliboshiwe.

Lapho kwakukhona ukushicilela izindlu, imitapo yezincwadi, ukuphila isishintshile kakhulu, ngoba ayekile ukusebenza ngayo njengoba zomlando. depositories izimali babé ngokushesha kakhulu. I efanele kakhulu ziba lapho kufika inkathi prisovokupleniem mass kufundza nekubhala. Kumbe siyadinga yini njengabanye umtapo kwekhulu lama-21, kunzima ukuphendula. Abantu abaningi bakhetha zasemoyeni, kodwa kabavumanga ukubuya ikhona ngaphandle izincwadi langempela.

izinhlobo imitapo

Imitapo kungaba:

• kazwelonke;
• zesifunda;
• umphakathi;
• ekhethekile;
• abangaboni;
• inyuvesi;
• esikoleni;
• umndeni.

Kuwufanele okuseduzane, lokho ofuna uhlobo umtapo ngamunye musa.

Room National eklanyelwe ukugcina futhi ziqinisekise ukufinyelela ngaphandle kwezithikamezo ukuba izincwadi ezikhishwa isimo. Ukuze umthamo wemvula, amanye amazwe zithobele imithetho isampula saziso.

Library Regional - a division of the izikhungo ezibalwe ngenhla, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze umuntu ehlala kude izakhamizi ezisemadolobheni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kushe enjalo futhi unelungelo lokuthola isampula saziso.

Umphakathi abasebenzisi umtapo Unelungelo ukubazi izincwadi ezifanele kakhulu futhi ethandwa. Ingabe umtapo kudingeka kusikhathi esidijithali? Lo mbuzo uye wabuzwa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Kodwa kuphela ngoba ungagcina imitapo ifa wezesayensi nowokulotshwa umhlaba wonke.

incwadi Depository ekhethekile

Ngo imitapo ekhethekile egcinwe ukushicilelwa injongo ekhethekile, njengezincwadi zemvume, amazinga kahulumeni noma ishidi umculo. Ngokuvamile, lezi zingosi ukufunda adalwe isidingo sokonga izincwadi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.

Library abangaboni ivumela izimpumputhe futhi abafundi ababona kahle, ukuthi ubukeze ulwazi. Ngo izikhungo ezifana agcinwe amabhuku alalelwayo nama izincwadi ezilotshiwe ngumuntu ifonti ekhethekile. State Library for the Blind kubhekwa kekulu eRussia, ngoba ngaphandle izincwadi onobuhle okukhulu lapho izimpumputhe nazane nge ukubukeka ezihlukahlukene izinto.

Izincwadi - lolu lwazi!

Njengoba izikole nemitapo yezincwadi emayunivesithi ukunikeza abafundi izincwadi. engavamile wabo ukuthi ukukhonza umbuthano ewumngcingo abasebenzisi. Nokho, ungase ukwazi ukuhlangabezana inyuvesi Ukufundwa igumbi ukufinyelela khulula. Ingabe ikhona esizayo imitapo? wacelwa Lo mbuzo kubafundi yesimanje. Iningi wathi akukho - maningi like izincwadi digital futhi amabhuku alalelwayo.

Akunjalo kudala, emitatsheni, esiyindilinga entsha - umtapo virtual. Noma imuphi umsebenzisi ne ukufinyelela internet unekhono ukulanda iyiphi incwadi kusuka kumasayithi ezikhethekile. Isizukulwane abasebasha ukushiya amazwana esivuna depositories electronic. Kodwa abantu abadala uncamela incwadi "bukhoma".

imitapo ehlelekile

Kushe izinhlanga abasebenzisi kungenziwa ngakhonza amafomu amabili. Esimweni sokuqala, umfundi ozuza yokubhalisa. Ngalesi pass ingatholakala ukusetshenziswa kwanoma iyiphi ncwadi isikhathi esithile. Uhlobo oluthile lwenkonzo yesikhathi ikamelo ukufunda: lapha umsebenzisi bangakwazi ukufunda izincwadi zakho kuphela umtapo.

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu amakamelo ukufunda kanye nezimali kwesakhiwo. Ingxenye izincwadi abafundi phakathi eziphuthuma kakhulu, ngokuvamile in the domain yomphakathi, lapho isivakashi unethuba ngokushesha uzibuyekeze. Zonke ezinye edishini agcinwa wesitoreji, umfundi bangawathola yi ikhathalogi.

edishini ezingavamile agugile, kanye izincwadi, okuyinto ingagcinwa imfihlo isimo ngekubaluleka, ikhishwa kuphela ukuvuma ekhethekile.

Ungase futhi uthole amayunithi mobile imitapo ukuthi lula ukufinyelela sabantu abavela kude bazokwazi ukufika ku izincwadi kanye internet. Leli fomu yesevisi esetshenziswa abantu abakhubazekile, kanye izakhamuzi makhaya.

Namuhla olwesimanje imitapo namaqoqo zabo hhayi kuphela ephrintiwe izincwadi, kodwa futhi ephatha umshini wamafilimu amancane, amaslayidi, amadokhumenti e format electronic. Kakade kungekho umtapo owodwa ngeke akwenze ngaphandle ikhompyutha, ngakho-ke kuyoba ziphoqa lesizukulwane esidala hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi izingane zesikole yesimanje nabafundi.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi yini edingekayo nokuthi umtapo ngeke akwenze ngaphandle kwabo.