Yikuphi izibani ezibekwa phambili ezikhanyeni: ukukhetha, incazelo, izici

Njengoba wazi, ikhwalithi yokukhanya evela ezibukweni zemoto, ihlasela ngqo imfanelo nemininingwane yocwaningo lomgwaqo ebumnyameni. Ngokusekelwe kwedatha yesibalo, kungashiwo ngaphandle kokwedlulisa ukuthi ukusakazwa kwekhwalithi engalungile kuyinkinga enkulu yemoto. Ngokuvamile iphesenti enkulu yezimo eziphuthumayo zenzeka ngokuqondile ngenxa yokubonakala okungalungile kwesimo sezimoto ebusuku. Naphezu kokuphumelela kwezobuchwepheshe embonini yezimoto, cishe yonke imoto yesithathu emigwaqweni yomphakathi ayinayo ukukhanya kwekhanda elifanele.

Izinto ezithinta ikhwalithi yokukhanya

Ikhwalithi yesibani sokukhanya esivezwe yi-headlamp sincike eziningana zezici. Okokuqala, lokhu kuyimodeli yezobuchwepheshe yemishini kagesi yemoto. Uma i-generator ihluleka noma uma izingxenye zayo zikhiqiza ugesi, ngeke kube ngokwanele ukuqinisekisa ukunikezwa okukhanyisayo kwezibani ngamandla. Isici sesibili yisici sokweklamo kwekhanda lokukhanya njengelonke. Ukukhanya kokukhanya kuncike ekutheni isimo nesimo se-reflector ne-diffuser. Isizathu sesithathu sokuqothula kungase kube ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo engaphansi.

Uma ezimweni ezimbili zokuqala inkinga ingabangela izindleko ezibonakalayo zezezimali nezesikhathi, bese ukufaka izibani ezikhanyeni kulula. Kwanele ukuthenga nokuwafaka.

Yiziphi ezizozikhetha?

Inkinga kuphela abashayeli ababhekene nayo yilokho izibani ezibekwa phambili ezikhanyeni. Ngisho nanikezwa izindleko eziphezulu zomkhiqizo, abashayeli bavame ukukhetha i-xenon. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukukhanya okunjalo kubonisa ukubonakala komgwaqo ngisho nasezimweni zesimo sezulu esibi. Kulesi simo, umphumela walo esweni lomuntu awukho ukuphikisana. Ama-Xenon ama-ray akhipha umfudlana okhanyayo ofana nokukhanya kwemvelo , okwenza kube lula ukushayela imoto isikhathi eside ebumnyameni, ngaphandle kokuzwa ukhathele futhi ugxilile kakhulu emehlweni. Ngenxa yalesi sici, ukuphathwa kwezithuthi kukhululekile futhi kuphephile.

Kulezi zimo zemvula noma ukubonakala kwenkungu emgwaqweni nabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo kunzima kakhulu. Uma izibani zezimoto zihlome ngezibani ze-halogen, i-boriti ayikwazi ukukhanyisa ngokugcwele ubude bombane nemvula. Lokhu kuholela ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Ukugeleza kokukhanya okuvela ku-xenon kunamaphesenti amathathu okuphakama njengokwebani izibani ze-halogen futhi kukuvumela ukuba ube nombono omkhulu wombono phambi kwakho.

Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi abakhiqizi bemikhiqizo ye-xenon baqinisekisa impilo ende yedivaysi - amahora angaba ngu-3 000, kanti ukukhanya kwe-halogen kungamahora angamakhulu amahlanu kuphela ubude. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuqala kungama-35 W kuphela, kanti i-second - 60 W. Ngisho kusekelwe kulezi zinkomba, kungabonakala ukuthi izici zokusebenza kahle nezomnotho zezibani ze-xenon ziphindwe kaningi kunezici ze-halogen.

Ama-ampli H4

Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi ama-optics ka-H4 ayishintshi isisekelo (ama-filaments amabili), okwamanje lesi sibani sinokushintshashintsha konke okushiwo. Amamodeli ahlukahlukene kule divayisi ahloswe kumakhasimende athile anezici zawo ezihlukile. Izingxenye zegesi ku-flask, impahla kanye nokuma kwababani be-electrode, ukuvunguza - konke lokhu kuthinta izici zobuchwepheshe zesibani. Futhi, ikhwalithi ye-flow flux ibonisa izimfihlo ezithile zobuchwepheshe zezinkampani ezihlukahlukene zokukhiqiza nezindlela zokuhlangana izibani. Ukuthi imikhiqizo yamafemu ahlukene ingaba nezici zayo siqu, khombisa ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene kokuhlolwa.

Izinhlobonhlobo zalezi zakhi ezikhanyayo

Ngalesi sikhathi, imakethe yezingxenye zemoto inezinhlobo ezimbalwa zemishini efana nama-H4 ama-bulb, angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezinemibandela ngendlela yokusebenza, ukuphila isikhathi eside nokufundwa kwamandla:

• Izibani ezijwayelekile zifakiwe kuwo wonke umshini ovela kumthumeli.
• Ngaphandle kokuphuma kokukhanya.
• Izibani ze-Weatherproof. Faka esikhundleni izibani zezinkungu.
• Ngenduduzo ebonakalayo ebonakalayo.
• Amandla akhula.

I-Optics H4 iklanyelwe ukunyuka ekukhanyeni kwemoto evamile futhi inegunya elijwayelekile lama-watts angu-60-65. Kuye ngokuthi i-electrode yani isibani esikhipha ukukhanya, kule modeli isebenza - eduze noma ekukhanyeni. Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo enamandla kunconywa ngaphandle kokufakwa kwemishini eyengeziwe ye-elekthronikhi, ngoba kungenzeka ukulayisha ngaphezulu i-wiring yamandla kagesi nokulimaza i-generator. Amadivaysi okukhanyisa abhekene nokusebenza okuzinzile nokungaphazanyiswa phakathi nayo yonke impilo yokusebenza, eyaba yisici ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza banamuhla. Ngokukhululwa komthetho ekusetshenzisweni okuphoqelekile kwezikhwebu ezincane zezinsika emini, abakhiqizi baqala ukukhiqiza izibani ezijwayelekile ze-H4 ngokuphila okukhulayo okuqhubekayo. Sebenzisa imikhiqizo enjalo ingaba cishe usuku lonke nobusuku, ngaphandle kokulimaza imoto nesibani ngokwaso.

Ama-LED

Okunye okunye kumikhiqizo ye-halogen ne-xenon ingaba isibani sohlobo lwe-diode oluphezulu. Ama-analog anjalo anenqwaba yezici nezinzuzo. Isikhathi sokusebenza kwedivayisi singamahora angaba ngu-50 000. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akusho ukushisa futhi kudle amandla amancane kakhulu. Uma ucabangela ngokuningiliziwe, isibani se- diode H11-18SMD sinemibhobho eyishumi nesishiyagalombili yokukhanya yehlobo 5050 SMD futhi efakwe ngaphansi kwe-H11. Njengomthetho, lezi zibane zihlonyelwe izibuko zabakhiqizi bangaphandle. Benza ngokugcwele imisebenzi ye-beam elinezinyosi nokukhanyisa okungeziwe, futhi ingafakwa ngokungeziwe ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo.

Isibani se- H11 diode sinezici ezilandelayo. Ukukhanya kokukhanya okukhishwe kungu-290 lm, umthamo oshiswa ngu-12 V, amandla angu-1.8 W. Isibani sinokulinganisa okulinganiselwe jikelele - 38x38x50 mm.

Ukukhethwa kwesikhanyiso se-xenon

Ngezici eziningi ukukhethwa kwedivaysi ye-xenon kuncike ezintweni eziklanyelwe kwesikrini. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi i-headlamp iklanyelwe ukufaka isibani nge-electrode eyodwa yokudubula, uhlobo olujwayelekile lwe-xenon lufakwe kuyo. Lapho umkhiqizi ephakamisa ukufakwa kwemikhiqizo ene-electrode yokushisa amabili, i-bi-xenon ifakwe ku-headlamp.

La ma-xenon ama-bulb abe nokuklama kwendwangu yensimbi yensimbi, ehlanganisa ingxenye ye-bulb glass. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi, mhlawumbe, kuzodingeka ukuthi ubeke esikhundleni se-diffuser ye-headlamp. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi i-diffuser ejwayelekile iphula ukukhanya kokukhanya, futhi ukuze ukusebenza kahle kwe-xenon, isigxobo sokukhanya sidinga ukugxila kumsakazo othile. Ukusetshenziswa kwesibonakaliso esivamile kanye nezibani ze-xenon kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi abashayeli bezimoto ezizayo bayabonakala emphumela wokuphuphuthekisa. Lokhu kugcwele izimo ezihlukahlukene eziphuthumayo, mhlawumbe ngemiphumela ebulalayo.

Imininingwane ye-Bulk Xenon Light

Ukushisa okukhanyayo kwemisebe yimuphi i-xenon yisici esiyinhloko embuzweni wokuthi izibani zibeka phambili ekukhanyeni. Lezi zikhombisi zilinganiswa kuma-kelvini futhi zibonisa ukukhanya okukhulu kwemisebe kanye ne-spectrum. Ububanzi bokushisa bokukhanya buba nemingcele elandelayo:

• 3200-3500 K. Njengokukhanyisa okuyinhloko, lezi zibani azifanelekile, kodwa eziningi zenzakale ze-optics. Ukukhanya kokukhanya kune-tinge ephuzi futhi ibukeka ngokufana ne-halogen ukukhanya ngomsindo wokukhanya okukhulu - 1500 lm.
• 4000-5000 K. Inemisebe yokukhanya engathathi hlangothi kanye nokuphazamiseka okuncane okubukwayo. Ngokuvamile, lezi zibani ziyimishini ejwayelekile yezimoto, njengoba zilungile kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwekhanda futhi zibe nezinga eliphakeme lokuqina - 3000 lm.
• 5000-6000 K. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-xenon ngokushisa okukhanyayo okunikeziwe kuvunyelwe emazweni amaningi. Isibani sibonisa ukukhanya okukhanyayo okumhlophe, okuphazamisa umbono womshayeli wesimo sezimoto futhi kuholela ekukhatheni kweso ngokushesha. Ukukhanya kwemikhiqizo enjalo kubonakala kuphumelela kakhulu, kodwa okusebenzayo kushiya okuningi okufunayo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-xenon enezinga lokushisa elivuthayo lika-6000-12 000 K libuye libe nokusebenza okuphansi nokusebenza okusebenzayo, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuthola lokhu ngenxa yokungabi nalutho.

Yiziphi izibani ezingcono ukufaka ezibukweni? Umkhiqizi

Ukuthenga izibani zezimpawu zokukhanya, umuntu kufanele athathe inkampani kanye nezwe elikhiqizayo ngamandla amakhulu, ngoba ikhwalithi yokusebenza kwedivayisi ngokuqondile ithinta ithrafikhi ephephile. Ngisho nangesisindo esiphansi, ama-optics angalindelekile angaqeda imiphumela.

Isiqinisekiso esiyinhloko sokuthembeka komkhiqizo idumela lomkhiqizi kanye nephakheji lezincwadi ezihambisanayo, okufanele libonise ubunikazi kanye nesiqiniseko sekhwalithi yalo mkhiqizo. Ungathengi ukukhiqizwa okungaqondakali kwe-xenon, ngisho noma ummeleli wokuthengisa ebakhangisa njengomkhiqizo wekhwalithi.

Okulandelayo, sizobe sibhala izinkampani ezimbalwa ezingenakungabaza ukuthi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

UHella, u-Philips

Lezi zinkampani ezimbili seziye zagxila emakethe yomhlaba njengabakhiqizi bezesekeli zikagesi zezimoto, ikakhulukazi izibani zezimoto. Unomlando ophezulu kanye nemikhiqizo yemikhiqizo.

Osram

Inkampani eyaziwa kahle yaseJalimane engomunye wabaholi ekukhiqizeni izibani ze-xenon. Imikhiqizo yalolu nkampani ithandwa futhi inokwethenjelwa kakhulu phakathi kwabashayeli basekhaya abazimisele ukuthenga izibani zamaplanethi emoto alo mkhiqizo. Umkhiqizi uvame ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza futhi nge-akhawuntini yakhe inamba ejulile yokuthuthukiswa kwamalungelo obugebengu.

I-IPF

Abasekeli bekhwalithi yaseJapan nabathembekile bangalulekwa ngumenzi wezibani ze-IPF. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi intengo yemikhiqizo yenkampani ibaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezentuthuko zakamuva kwezobuchwepheshe ngokuklama kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo, kanye nezici zokukhiqiza.

I-IL Trade kanye ne-MTF-Light

Imikhiqizo yalolu hlobo lwezinkampani zaseKorea ngokuyinhloko ifakwe kwizimoto zesigaba sebhajethi. Izibani zalabo abakhiqizi banokuthenjelwa okwanele nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo intengo engabizi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo yezinkampani ezivelele kanye nemikhiqizo, imikhiqizo yalezi femu ingaphansi kwekhwalithi, kodwa iyalungele ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke emotweni engabizi.

Kodwa-ke, yiziphi izinhlobo zezibani okungcono ukufaka kuzo izibani zomoto wakho indaba yomshoshaphansi kuwo wonke umnikazi wemoto. Konke kuncike ezintweni okuthandayo kanye nokwaziswa kwayo, kanye nokuklama kwezibani nezici zezobuchwepheshe zemoto. Ukuthenga amadivaysi alula, kufanele ulalele izincomo zomthengisi-umthengisi, ozosiza izeluleko zobuchwepheshe uma ukhetha. Futhi-ke, ungathengi i-xenon eshibhile yaseChina.

Ngakho, sithole ukuthi yiziphi izakhi ezikhanyayo ezingcono ukuthenga imoto yakho.