Kuyini ukukhanya? Khanyisa, imithombo ukukhanya. kwelanga

"UNkulunkulu wathi:" Makube khona ukukhanya, "kwaba khona ukukhanya." Wonke umuntu ziyawazi la mazwi avela eBhayibhelini futhi wonke umuntu uyazi: ukuphila akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwalo. Kodwa uyini ukukhanya emvelweni? Kuzongisiza ngani futhi yini impahla? Kuyini ukukhanya ebonakalayo nengabonakali? On lezi kanye nezinye izinto okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko.

On indima ukukhanya

Iningi ulwazi ngokuvamile beqonda ngemehlo indoda. Zonke ezihlukahlukene imibala nobujamo ukuthi esivela emhlabeni impahla, kwembulwa kuye. A athathwe ngokusebenzisa emehlweni kungaba kuphela ibonisa okuthiwa ukukhanya ethile ebonakalayo. imithombo Khanyisa kungaba zemvelo, ezifana ilanga noma yokufakelwa, adalwe ugesi. Ngenxa Ukusabalala ezinjalo yenziwe yaba khona ukusebenza, uphumule - ngamafuphi, ukuhola ukuphila okugcwele yisiphi isikhathi sosuku.

Ngokwemvelo, isici ezibalulekile zokuphila matasa okusezingqondweni zabantu abaningi ababehlala nangenkathi ezahlukene. Cabangela lokho ukukhanya ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, okungukuthi, ngokombono eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma ezahlukene aphethwe izazi namuhla.

Khanyisa: Definition (Physics)

Aristotle wambuza lo mbuzo, wabona ukukhanya isenzo esithile, okuyinto yasakazwa imvelo. Omunye umbono ithobela nefilosofi lasendulo, Lucretius Carus. Wayezitshela ukuthi konke okukhona emhlabeni yakhiwa izinhlayiya ezincane kunazo - ama-athomu. Ukukhanya Ubuye isakhiwo esinjalo.

Ekhulwini lesikhombisa lezi kubukwa ngesisekelo eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma ezimbili:

• corpuscular;
• wave.

ithiyori Corpuscular ka Newton kuyalandelwa. ekwakhiweni wakhe lokho ukukhanya kanje. emizimbeni Luminous ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana ezincane basakaza kanye imizila, imisebe isb. Awela amehlo, ngibonga kule abantu ukubona.

Omunye umbono elihlobene ne igama Huygens. Wayekholelwa ukuthi kukhona imvelo ekhethekile, okuyinto akusebenzi umthetho wamandla adonsela phansi. It likhona phakathi izinhlayiya ether elikhanyayo. Yilokho ukukhanya okuyikho ngempela, ngokombono wakhe.

Naphezu izincazelo ezihlukahlukene, namuhla ibhekwa njengempophoma lesifanele kokubili ithiyori ukufunda kwabo. Khanyisa futhi uye ngiyontengantenga futhi izakhiwo esinqunyiwe.

Imvamisa ukukhanya ebonakalayo

Ukukhanya spectrum amagagasi kagesi atholakale bezibona emehlweni. Uma ubheka izinga emisebeni kagesi, kuba sobala ukuthi ukukhanya ebonakalayo oluthatha indawo encane kakhulu kuso. It kuvela umuntu itholakala kuphela ingxenye encane yini sasikhipha. Kubalulekile wazi lapha ukuthi uhla ecacisiwe iyatholakala abantu. Okungukuthi, mhlawumbe, ezinye izilwane, isibonelo, ungabona ezingafinyeleleki abantu. Futhi okuphambene nalokho. Iso lomuntu liwumsebenzi akwazi ukubona labo imibala izilwane ngabanye esingenakuzibona.

infrared

isazi IsiZulu Herschel ngo-1800 wabeka bohlu elangeni. Kwesigubhu mercury ngakolunye uhlangothi esebenzisa umule amnyama. Ukuqaphelwa baye babonisa ukwanda lokushisa. Ngenxa yalokhu, wanquma ukuthi izinga lokushisa ukufuthelana imisebe engabonakali emehlweni abantu. Kamuva bathi babizwe infrared, ukushisa isb.

Lo mphumela utjengisa ukukhambelana esihle Kuvunguza Ohhavini. Evuthayo, uqala ukuxoxa kuqala, ngaphandle kokushintsha umbala, futhi kuphela ngaleso sikhathi, lapho esikhipha othi awube. It kuvela, le Helix kuhluka uhla infrared ungabonakali emisebeni yelanga.

Namuhla siyazi ukuthi yonke imigwamanda ukunweba ukukhanya infrared. imithombo Khanyisa likhipha infrared inamandla eside, kodwa buthaka engela yezokubona kuka ebomvu.

Heat kuyinto emisebeni ye-infrared spectrum, levela molecule ezihambayo. Ayanda isivinini, aba maningi ngemisebe futhi kule nto ushisa.

ultraviolet

Uma kuvulwe infrared, uWilhelm Ritter, physics isiJalimane, waqala ukutadisha uhlangothi bohlu. Wavelength lapha kwaba esingaphansi onsomi. Waqaphela amnyama le chloride zesiliva violet. Futhi kwenzekani ngokushesha kunokuba wavelength isinyathelo yokukhanya ebonakalayo. Kwatholakala ukuthi kwenzeka lokhu emisebeni lapho ama-electron baguqulelwa kwi yangaphandle amagobolondo athomu. Glass uyakwazi iyavuleka kwe-ultraviolet, ngakho asebenza ngebhethri lens zasetshenziswa izifundo.

Emisebeni amuncwa isikhumba womuntu futhi izilwane nezitshalo kwezicubu engenhla. kwafakwa isilinganiso esincane semithi emisebeni ultraviolet kungaba kahle kuthinte isimo sempilo, eqinisa izivikeli mzimba nokwenza kavithamini D. Nokho, ukuphuza amaphilisi amaningi kungabangela zesikhumba ukusha nokulimaza amehlo, futhi inkulu kakhulu ngisho nethonya umdlavuza.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ultraviolet

emisebeni ultraviolet isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha (uyakwazi ukubulala miroorganizmy eziyingozi), Sun, kanye nezithombe. Ngo ukumuncwa imisebe kuzobonakala. Ngakho-ke, enye ensimini yayo hlelo lokusebenza ukusetshenziswa emsebenzini wokukhiqiza izibani emini.

isiphetho

Banikezwe ububanzi azinakwa yokukhanya ebonakalayo, kuyacaca ukuthi optical band indoda wafunda kakhulu kabi. Esinye isizathu salokhu ndlela ukwandisa isithakazelo sabantu lokho ongase ukucabange.

Kodwa ngenxa yalokhu ukuqwashisa uhlala ongaphakeme. Yonke indawo yonke is ebuswa nge emisebeni kagesi. Bayanda abantu abagcinanga ukubona, kodwa futhi ungazizwa. Kodwa uma spectra amandla ala inyuka, bangakwazi ibakhathaze ngisho babe ebulalayo.

Esifundweni bohlu ongabonakali ziyacaca, abanye, njengoba zibizwa kanjalo, izenzakalo ezingaqondakali. Ngokwesibonelo, fireballs. Kwenzeka ukuthi, aphume ndawo, singazelele kuyi futhi zinyamalale. Eqinisweni, ngaphambi nje ushintsho kusukela ezingabonakali ku uhla ebonakalayo futhi emuva.

Uma usebenzise ngesikhathi bethwebula kwesibhakabhaka ngesikhathi amakhamera nokuduma ehlukile, ngezinye izikhathi kuvela wasithatha ukwedlulela plasmoids, ukubukeka kwabo umbani kanye nezinguquko ezenzeka umbani uqobo.

Sizungezwe siba emhlabeni nhlobo nhlobo ukuthi unalo uhlobo oluhlukile kulokho bakujwayele ukubona thina. isitatimende Akwaziwa "Uma nje amehlo akho kungukuthi sikholwa ngokubona" sekuyisikhathi eside elahlekile ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo. Sekuyisikhathi eside umsakazo, ithelevishini, ukuxhumana kwamangqamuzana, nokunye okunjalo kwabonisa ukuthi uma senza okuthile thina awuboni, akusho ukuthi akekho.