Wave Amandla: ukusebenza

amanzi Umhlaba Ocean ufihle ingcebo esingenakulinganiswa, uthishanhloko okuyinto, mhlawumbe, kukhona amandla ongenamkhawulo amagagasi ulwandle. Ngokokuqala ngqá ukusetshenziswa energy kinetic ikhishwa waya ogwini imiphini ukucabanga ekhulwini le-18, eParis, lapho-patent lokuqala wave isigayo yethulwa. Manje ubuchwepheshe buye wagxumela phambili, futhi owokuqala commercial amandla wave isitshalo lamiswa ngokuhlanganyela ososayensi, okuyinto waqala ukusebenza ngo-2008.

Kungani kuzuzisa?

Kuyinto imfihlo ukuthi ingcebo yemvelo sekungaphezu yokukhathala. amalahle, uwoyela negesi - main amandla imithombo - Ukuza ekupheleni. Ngokusho izibikezelo abanethemba lososayensi, izinqolobane izothatha iminyaka 150-300 zokuphila. amandla enuzi nayo ukuphila ngokuvumelana okulindele. amandla High kanye nokusebenza buyiselani izindleko yokwakha, ukusebenza, kodwa izinkinga ukulahlwa kwezinto okungalawuliwe futhi umonakalo kwezemvelo, futhi ngokushesha baphoqeleka ukuba bayishiye kubo. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, ososayensi ufuna entsha ehlukile imithombo energy. Manje usebenza emoyeni futhi amandla elanga. Kodwa zonke ezinhle, banayo ethile abalulekile - kahle ongaphakeme. Ukuhlangabezana nezidingo kuso sonke isibalo sabantu ngeke aphumelele. Ngakho-ke, izisombululo ezidingekayo.

Ugesi, sokuphehla amandla wave isebenzisa amandla kinetic of amagagasi. Ngokwe-izibalo zilinganisela kakhulu, nalesi simo esasingase balinganiselwa ku-2 million MW, okuyinto efana ne abasebenzi 1000 at zigcwele ka enuzi izitshalo amandla, futhi imitha amagagasi phambi imayelana 75 kW / m. Uma lokhu ningagcini nhlobo ngemiphumela elimazayo engase ibangelwe emvelweni.

Isikimu jikelele umsebenzi

amandla Wave ibizwa ngokuthi izinhlaka bayakwazi ukuguqula elintantayo amandla mechanical wave ezinyakazayo ku ugesi ayidlulisele umthengi. Kulesi simo, zama ukusebenzisa imithombo ezimbili:

1. amasheya Kinetic. ukudlula imiphini Marine ngokusebenzisa enkulu ubukhulu tube futhi ligijima izindwani ezithwala amandla kuze kube-generator kagesi. Lusebenza isimiso womoya - amanzi eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini esitokisini esikhethekile, displaces oxygen therefrom okuyinto ahanjiswa kumzila ohlelweni wesiteshi uzungeza izindwani ophephela.
2. Rolling amandla. Kulokhu, igagasi amandla plant uba iflothi. Ukuhambisa esikhaleni kanye iphrofayli igagasi, kungenca uhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi iziyisikhombisa kubangela ophephela ukujikisa.

emazweni ahlukahlukene zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe yabo ekuguqulweni ezinyakazayo mechanical amagagasi ku ugesi, kodwa uhlelo jikelele isenzo uyefana.

I yokuntula kwamandla wave

Inkinga eyinhloko nokusetshenziswa kabanzi izitshalo amandla wave izindleko zabo. Ngenxa isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ukufakwa eziyinkimbinkimbi phezu kwamanzi olwandle ukuqaliswa izindleko ukufaka anjalo msebenzi ephakeme kunaleyo ukwakhiwa enuzi izitshalo amandla noma izitshalo amandla ezishisayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nezinye izindawo eziningana lapho nemiphumela ethile engathandeki, okuyinto ngokuyinhloko elihlobene ne ukuvela izinkinga zezenhlalo kanye nezomnotho. Into wukuthi iziteshi ezinkulu elintantayo engozini ukugxambukela navigation nokudoba - Float amandla wave kungenzeka umane azixoshe abantu kusukela zokudoba. Okungenzeka kwemvelo nemiphumela. Ukusebenzisa izitshalo kakhulu aluyidambisi imiphini zasolwandle, abenze ezincane futhi akusho ukuya ogwini. amagagasi Khonamanjalo zidlala indima ebalulekile enqubeni ye negesi lokushintshisana olwandle, hlanza ubuso bayo. Konke lokhu kungase kuholele ekubeni shift ukuzinza kwemvelo.

ezicini ezinhle amandla wave

Ndawonye ngamandla abanokukhubazeka wave has eziningi eziwusizo lapho nomthelela omuhle imisebenzi womuntu:

• ukufakwa, ngenxa yokuthi amandla wave is iqeda, ongavikela izindawo ezisogwini (marinas, izimbobo) ku ukubhujiswa amandla olwandle;
• ugesi Isizukulwane siyamuka ngezindleko sakugcina;
• yamandla aphezulu injabulo eyenza windfarm ukonga ngaphezulu kuka umoya noma amandla elanga.

Amandla amasheya babe bemhlaba nemanti, ikakhulukazi umfula. Ukwakhiwa iziteshi emabhulohweni, yokuwela, kule ndawo yokugibela imikhumbi okungukuthi umbono Ngenxa endaweni ugesi.

Izinkinga ukuthi kumelwe zixazululwe

Inselelo enkulu ebhekene nomphakathi ngokwesayensi manje - ukwenza ngcono isakhiwo, okuyinto kuzonciphisa izindleko zikagesi, okuyinto kuveza amandla wave. Umgomo we operation kumele akukashintshi, kodwa asetshenziswe ukudala amayunithi kuyodingeka ubuchwepheshe obusha futhi izinto.

Isilinganiso amandla igagasi 75-85 kW / m - kuba ebangeni iziteshi kakhulu ngezifiso. Nokho, phakathi amandla isiphepho imiphini zasolwandle kwandisa izikhathi eziningana futhi kudala ingozi nolokubhujiswa izitshalo. Akukhona udwani olwembiza noma kusontwe ngemva kwesiphepho. Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga, ososayensi izindlela yokufakelwa ukunciphisa amandla eqondile amagagasi. Enye inkinga ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okukhulu iziteshi wave kuzoholela kwesimo sezulu. Isizukulwane wamandla kagesi Kwenziwa Ukujikeleza eMhlabeni (kwakhiwa njengomnikelo wokuzuliswa okuyinto). I okwandile Ukusetshenziswa izitshalo ukwakheka iplanethi Phendula kancane. Indoda engazizwa umehluko, kodwa ngeke eziningi Amathrendi ukuthi zidlala indima ebalulekile ukushisa exchange Zomhlaba ababhubhise.

umshayeli windfarm emhlabeni wokuqala

Eyokuqala amandla wave esiteshini uvele 1985 eNorway. umthamo kwawo kwakunjengokwetshe 500 kW, futhi wayengumfelokazi-prototype. isimiso sayo wokusebenza kusekelwe kokucindezelwa eyindilinga kanye ukunwetshwa medium:

• a isilinda nge phansi evulekile emanzini ukuze usiko kwaba ephansi wave wokuxovela - waso lowermost;
• ngezikhathi impinging amanzi licindezele emoyeni ingaphakathi langaphakathi;
• lapho efika a ingcindezi ethile kuvula valve okuvumela ukudlula oxygen onomfutho ukuze samanzi.

Lesi simila enikeziwe 500 kilowatts kwamandla kwakwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuphumelela izinhlelo, aba nesandla ekuthuthukeni kwalo ukuthuthukiswa yabo.

zezimboni amandla plant emhlabeni wokuqala

commercial ukuziphilisa isitshalo emhlabeni wokuqala kubhekwa Oceanlinx emanzini Port Kembla, Australia. Yena eyalwa ngo-2005, kodwa-ke wathumela ukuba ekwakhiweni kanye kabusha wathola ngo-2009, yingakho esifundeni manje isetshenziswa kanye olwandle futhi asikaze amandla. isimiso sayo wokusebenza simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

1. Waves ngezikhathi ukusebenzisa emakamelweni ekhethekile, ephoqa emoyeni onomfutho.
2. Lapho ufika ingcindezi ezibucayi lomoya onomfutho ngenethiwekhi iziteshi uzungeza generator kagesi.
3. Ukuze bamba ukunyakaza wave amabutho ophephela izindwani ushintsho yabo engela ukuthambekela.

amandla lokulinganisa kwaba ngu-450 kW, nakuba ingxenye ngayinye bekwazi esiteshini kusuka kWh 100 1.5 MWh amandla kagesi.

windfarm commercial wokuqala emhlabeni

Eyokuqala wave amandla commercial wathola ngo-2008 e Aguçadoura, Portugal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto isitshalo kwezwe yokuqala olusebenzisa oqondile mechanical amagagasi amandla. Le phrojekthi kukhicite senkampani Pelamis Wave Amandla.

Isakhiwo ukwakhiwa sinetigaba eziningana, awo adedelwa kanye nezinkukhu, bavuke iphrofayli wave. Isigaba pivotally kuvikelwe kusistimu wokubacindezela futhi ngesikhathi ukunyakaza kuholele senzo. Mshini wokubacindezela kubangela Rotor ukujikisa generator, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ugesi. Asetshenziswa Portugal wave amandla ngobuhle nangobubi bawo ukuphi. Buhle kokufaka obunamandla - mayelana 2.25 MW, kodwa futhi kungenzeka kokufaka izigaba ezengeziwe. Omunye Ububi ukufakwa - Ubunzima ophakamayo kagesi amandla yokudlulisa ngocingo kumthengi.

lokuqala amandla wave esiteshini waseRussia

ERussia, le Wec siqala ngo-2014 e-Territory Primorsky. Washeshe wahileleka ithimba ukuthuthukiswa ososayensi kusukela Ural Federal University kanye Pacific Oceanology Institute, FEB RAS. Iyunithi ine uhlamvu zokuhlola. engavamile zayo ukuthi isebenzisa amandla hhayi kuphela amagagasi, kodwa isimo / igagasi ongaphakeme.

E-Moscow, ke ihlela ukwakhela laboratory ucwaningo, okuzokwenza ukubhekana ukuthuthukiswa nokudalwa ezifuywayo iflothi esiteshini kuqala. Mhlawumbe ngemva kwalokho amandla wave beyoba uyakwazi Ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini noma kwezohwebo eRussia.