Vologda ezibiyele State Museum-Reserve (isithombe)

Maphakathi Vologda kuyinto Ensemble emlandweni futhi yokwakha, okuyinto yasungulwa ngomthetho u-Ivan IV njengoba inqaba (1567) futhi wakhonza njengephayona indima ukuzivikela ku XVI - XVII eminyaka. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX, nezindonga zayo imibhoshongo yawa. Namhlanje Vologda ezibiyele State Museum-Reserve. Sizokwenza ukunitshela ngaloNkulunkulu lesikhumbuzo yomlando kanye izakhiwo.

Vologda ezibiyele - Umlando

Ukwakhiwa kwe-Kremlin waqala entwasahlobo 1566, ngosuku olwandulela nabaPhostoli uJasoni Sosipater. Waqondisa umsebenzi engineer ezazivela UK Hemfri Lokk.

Ivan Grozny babehlele ukusebenzisa Vologda ezibiyele njengoba yokuhlala yakhe. Eyabelwe ukwakhiwa zensimu kusukela enyakatho kungagcini emfuleni Vologda, kusukela eningizimu kwaba amba umsele, okuyinto namuhla njengoba scrofula emfuleni aziwa, kusukela emngceleni entshonalanga owawugobhoza zamanje Leningrad emgwaqweni.

Ngo-1571, i-umsebenzi wokwakha imisiwe ngokuqondene Ukuhamba kwenkosi. Kuleli qophelo, ke lamiswao udonga lwamatshe nemibhoshongo nanye, ezimbili zazo, kanye kocingo, ekhoneni eningizimu-ntshonalanga.

Kamuva e-Kremlin uvele isonto lombhishobhi - isakhiwo ngamatshe amahle, St Sophia Cathedral. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakukhona esigodlweni, ezenziwe ngokhuni, bese iSonto uMuzi Anna. stockade lokhuni nombhoshongo 21-hipped lakhiwa. Stone odongeni kwaba kuphela kusukela eningizimu-mpumalanga futhi enyakatho-ntshonalanga. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Vologda ezibiyele ingakamiswa kuphelile, ngisho ngaleso sikhathi eshayisa usayizi wakhe omkhulu.

imibhoshongo ezintathu sokhuni ushintsho ezine ezakhiwa ngesikhathi kubusa u-Alexei Mikhailovich.

Streets elise ngaphakathi ezibiyele, Kwahlelwa ukuba kube kucatshangelwa isiqondiso emikhulu, okwakhiwa kuso kusukela eSangweni Spassky, futhi lokhu kwaholela Saint UZandile Cathedral. Wadala phakathi ezindleleni ezibanzi zokuhlala kanye driveways. endaweni Central waziwa Sobornaja. On kwawo kwakukhona St Sophia Cathedral, nendlu yenkosi; lesigceme umbhishobhi sika.

Vologda ezibiyele kwase enikela inkonzo yomphakathi, atholiwe ngabambelela odongeni ngihamba empumalanga, okwaholela emfuleni okubi yenkosi. Kunalokho kwakukhona lokubhala eqhugwaneni elincane - Kwakuhlezi ababhali. umnyango Landelayo waba namahloni etilongweni, bajeziswe emva kuwo bekulokhu kukhona abashoshozeli izinqolobane eyisishiyagalombili lapho okusanhlamvu agcinwe, ayeba abantu esifundeni. Eningizimu Pyatnitskikh ihlelwe lip eqhugwaneni lapho wahlala induna labial. Ziyaphenya emacaleni obugebengu. Ngokushesha wayezungezwe kocingo oluphakeme futhi egcekeni lejele.

On endaweni ezibiyele ke kwakuhlelwa abadumile yezitolo ndawo. Ngo-1711, imigqa nambili ezakhiwa kuso. Kamuva, lapho Bezingekho, ukuyothenga ezinhlwini wakhela loMfula scrofula.

Phakathi Spassky futhi Vologda kwemibhoshongo elise Gostiny Dvor, owayesesimweni 1627 insimu ka ubude 98 amamitha 92 ububanzi. Kwakukhona izinqolobane bazimele eyakhelwe ngaphansi kophahla efanayo, uPetru noPawulu Church.

Namuhla Vologda ezibiyele - kuba isikhungo somlando yamasiko aleli dolobha. Izinsalela eziningi izakhiwo ukuzivikela manje amelwe ifomu emadanyini ngaseziseleni epaki Museum kanye scrofula River.

umlando Museum

Museum kuqala Vologda ubonakele ekhulwini XIX. Kwaba endlini kaPetru mina, okuyinto ngavakashelwa zawo kuqala ekuphileni 1885. iminyaka engu-11 kamuva (1896) uvele Vologda Diocesan Drevnehranilische lapho kwakukhona zakudala ezimisweni ezingokwenkolo futhi imibhalo ebalulekile Vologda besifunda-bhishobhi.

Eyokuqala art gallery Vologda wabonakala ngo-1911. Ngalesi sikhathi zihlanganisa ekudalweni futhi rodinovedeniya Museum.

Ngo-March 1923, nangokwesinqumo sokwahlulela we iziphathimandla zendawo, konke iminyuziyamu leli dolobha kuhlanganiswe.

On the Vologda State lomlando Architectural Museum-Reserve iye ihlelwe esekelwe Museum lesifunda.

Namuhla-ke esihlanganisa Vologda ezibiyele futhi amagatsha 9. Ziyakwazi:

1. Architectural kanye ethnographic Museum.
2. Museum of uleyisi.
3. Indlu uPetru I.
4. "Vologda isixhumanisi" (Museum).
5. House-Museum of AF Mozhaiskogo
6. Aphathimenti Museum Batiushkov KN
7. "Wezincwadi. Art. Century XX »(Museum).
8. "Izinto Ezilitshelwe" (Museum).
9. "Vologda ekuqa- XIX - XX eminyaka" (setfulo).

UZandile Cathedral

Lena isakhiwo endala itshe emzini. Vologda ezibiyele noSt UZandile Cathedral - ezikhumbuzo omangalisayo izakhiwo kanye umlando wekhulu XVI. Itempeli usayizi umxhwele kakhulu. Izindonga kukhona amamitha 38,5 ubude, ubude obungaphezulu kuka 59 amamitha.

St Sophia Cathedral isibonelo izakhiwo zesonto Russian kwekhulu XVI. izakhiwo ezinjalo ezazivamile emadolobheni, zazakhiwe ngokuvumelana uhlobo kweNyuka Cathedral eMoscow. Nokho, Vologodskiy Cathedral kuyehluka kuneminye analogue ngobufushane izakhiwo okunikeza ethize North Cathedral stringency.

izici kwesakhiwo

UZandile Cathedral inesimiso isici. Ngokuhambisana izimiso ze-altare Bandla isonto lasendulo kumele njalo zikhangele empumalanga. Ngesikhathi umyalo Ivana Groznogo altare lombhishobhi wakhiwa ngendlela yokuthi siqondiswe enyakatho-mpumalanga. Ngokwe-abacwaningi, u-Ivan IV wafuna e-altare lethempeli ebhekene emfuleni, yize ke kwakuphambene emasikweni isakhiwo sesonto.

Ngaphambi isikhathi sethu walondoloza ngokuphelele ngokhuni ezinhlanu-tiered iconostasis eyayibhalwe. It yadalwa 1738 futhi kwaba lo wesithathu selokhu ukwakhiwa lombhishobhi. Icons ngaye, wabhala komdwebi Polish Maxim Iskritsky.

Phakathi nomlando wakhe omude St Sophia Cathedral ngesikhathi kabusha izikhathi eziningi. Igama layo lesi-yesimanje butholakala ukubonwa ngekhulu XX.

Insimbi embhoshongweni Vologda ezibiyele

Ngo-1659 i-octagonal itshe belfry yayakhiwe endaweni Kremlin.

Ngo-1869, uMbhishobhi Palladius owacabanga ukuthi umbhoshongo isikhencezo Cathedral okufanele abe ngaphezu zonke izinsimbi ku besifunda-bhishobhi, waphathisa umakhi VN Shildknehtu ngilakhe. Netende lakhona adiliza kanye eyakhelwe ubudala isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi isasekhona namuhla, liye labonisa nemengamo ikhala.

Isici esiyinhloko umbhoshongo insimbi waqala ungaphefumuli, okuyinto enziwa eMoscow kubazalwane ifektri Gutenop (1871). Futhi namhlanje bakuphi umuzi omkhulu amahora.

belfry esiyingqayizivele

Lapha, iqoqo eliyingqayizivele izinsimbi lasendulo. walondoloza kahle insimbi XVII leminyaka. Abanye babo baye isihloko sokuqala - "Konke" (1627), "Big Swan" (1689), "Little Swan" (1656) kanye nabanye.

Ezingeni lwekhanda base kukhona observation emphemeni encane. Kusuka lapho ungajabulela imibono idolobha okungavamile, umfula.

Isahluko eyayibhalwe isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi. Isikhathi sokugcina lo msebenzi wenziwa ngo-1982. Khona-ke wathatha 1,200 amagremu zegolide leaf.

Indlu Peter mina

Lokhu Museum waqala ukusebenza Vologda e ezikude 1872. Itholakala engxenyeni mlando we komuzi lomfula Vologda, e emzini owayeyinhloko Gutmann. Kuyinto isakhiwo, onguyena kuphela osaphila abathengisi Dutch. Kukhona wayevame ngu-Peter I.

Manje iqoqo Museum emakhulwini ziphephile. Bonke - ofakazi buthule kwenkathi endala. Lokhu ifenisha, okuyinto uselokhu libhalwe "AG" (Adolf Gutmann), okuqondene abanikazi endlini.

ziphephile okuyigugu ngokukhethekile kuyizinto oda naleyo esungulwe ngu-Peter I. Yebo, i- Order Andreya Pervozvannogo. Ngalezo zinsuku, lakhethwa nabantu 38.

Uhambo

Namuhla, abantu abaningi bezwe lakubo yethu eze izohlola Vologda ezibiyele, izithombe ongawabona ngazo kulesi sihloko.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe kuhlanganisa 40 ezikhumbuzo, endaweni Imininingwane - 9000 sq. m. It unikeza izincwadi, yobuciko, isayensi yemvelo, zomlando embukisweni ethnographic. iqoqo Museum sika kuhlanganisa izinto ezingaphezu kuka-500 eziyinkulungwane - imisebenzi elingenakuqhathaniswa ubuciko lasendulo Russia, amashadi, imibhalo yesandla, zemali ubudala nokunye okuningi.

Bangaphezu kuka-60 eziyinkulungwane ziphephile ziboniswa emibukisweni ahlukahlukene. zezinhlobo eziningi kusuka eqoqweni Museum yafakwa embukisweni baseNgilandi naseJalimane, iVatican kanye France, Finland naseNetherlands, eHungary Austria. Zonke izivakashi Vologda ezibiyele izinkambo ungavakashela kokubili siqu futhi iqembu. Futhi izinhlelo uhambo zenzelwe eyehlukene, kusukela yobudala pre-school izingane. Ngesisekelo Museum nabasizi bayo bavame olwenziwa ezingaphezu kuka-80 hambo.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe imodi wokusebenza

Namuhla, izivakashi eziningi iya ku Vologda Kremlin. Ivula amahora - nsuku zonke kusukela 10.00 kuya 17.00. Museum ivaliwe ngoba ngoMsombuluko. On endaweni ezibiyele, emnyango imahhala nsuku zonke.