Uzbekistan, Khiva: nokuzwa (incazelo, isithombe)

Umuzi eyingqayizivele, okuyinto yavela eminyakeni engaphezu 2,500 edlule, Khiva (Uzbekistan) is abatelekile umlando walo mbukwane. Kuyinto idolobha nge isimo esimangalisayo, isiko lasendulo kanye nesitayela eyingqayizivele.

Ukubukeka edolobheni

Lapho namuhla itholakala Khiva (Uzbekistan), settlement yokuqala, ngokuvumelana yemivubukulo, bavele 4-3 yeminyaka BC, ke kwaku yokupaka yabazingeli namasiko abadobi kaltaminarskoy. Enkulungwaneni 2nd isivele behlaliswe umile izindlu abantu abayimizulane kanye nabalimi. Isiko abalimi exovwe amasiko zazivela Urals Southern pastoralists, kwakheka ngenxa ekuseni isiko Amirabad asekuqaleni Bronze Age. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izifiki kuphumelele nomunye, kodwa delta Amu Darya awukaze awunalutho. Le ndawo wawusegunjini kahle ku yemizila yohwebo, futhi saba nethuba elikhulu nemfuyo kanye nezolimo.

Umlando Khiva

Kamuva legends bathi Khiva wakhulela maphakathi nendawo eqabulayo, okuyinto behlaliswe kahle ngamanzi Akumangalisi esihlwabusayo. Lokhu kahle bemba ifuna indodana kaNowa uShemi. Umuzi wokuqala, okuyinto zalotshwa imithombo ebhaliwe, ebizwa Kheivak ke lapho yayikhona Horasmis, Hvarezm futhi ekugcineni Khorezm. Wadabula inkathi yokuchuma nokunqoba, yayiyinhloko-dolobha enkulu Khorezm isimo.

Umuzi labetibambile lwamakhosi lokuqala Afrighids ke edolobheni eyanqotshwa ama-Arabhu futhi aba yingxenye isimo Muslim. Khona-ke ababusi waphumelela bodwa: Mamunidov lwamakhosi, le Ghaznavids, Seljuks, Anushteginidov. Umuzi kunezinzuzo eziningi kakhulu kuye singalwi ngakho-ke njalo ukulwela ukuba anqobe ababusi abahlukahlukene.

Ngo 1220, edolobheni ebhubhisa ibutho uGenghis Khan. Kodwa waphila ngokushesha futhi waphinda iba lolo esihlwabusayo. Ngakho, izikhathi Tamerlane emihlanu ezama ukuthatha idolobha ezikhukhula, futhi 1388 ke ekugcineni nguye ophethe. Kamuva, umuzi uyaqhubeka kudlule isuka kwesinye isandla iye. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17, Khiva laba isikhungo ezingokomoya zomhlaba Islamic, kukhona madrassas ekwakheni. Kodwa idolobha langempela kwachuma phakathi nokubusa Uzbek lwamakhosi kungrat.

18-19 ekhulwini kwakuyinkathi wokwakha ekuqongeleleni ingcebo kuleli dolobha. Ngo-1873, ngenxa wezempi ukusebenza Khiva baba ingxenye yoMbuso Russian. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lo muzi liyingxenye Turkmen esifundeni. Iqala a ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha emzini, izikole kanye nezibhedlela Kwakhiwa lapha. Ngo-1919, i-iRed Army buyachitha amandla ekhona Khan futhi ukusungula i-oda entsha, uMkhandlu uyingxenye yeSoviet Union. Kusukela ngo-1924 Khiva kuyinto ingxenye Uzbek SSR.

Ukubaluleka ukuba isiko emhlabeni

Uzbekistan, Khiva ngokomlando basonta indawo, okuyinto kwakheka uhlobo isiko lasendulo. Lapha kukhona Omkhulu Silk Road, elaliyisikhungo impucuko.

Ngo 8-9 eminyaka, lezi zindawo nendima esemqoka kwezomnotho kanye namasiko esifundeni. Sokuthuthwa kwempahla Khiva ekupheleni 18 - Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngesikhathi nesikhathi Khanate ka Khiva. manje Hiva isiba isikhungo kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho, kuthiwa zanqwabelana kukhona ingcebo eningi, konke lokhu kubonakala ekubukekeni yedolobha, okuyinto kudala izakhiwo esiyingqayizivele.

Kuze kube manje, umuzi Khiva (Uzbekistan), isithombe okuyinto kuphela ingxenye encane ukudluliselwa zonke charm yayo, uyisikhumbuzo somlando namasiko eqoshwe uhlu amasayithi ivikelwe UNESCO. Lo muzi ubizwa ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili: zomlando yangaleso sikhathi. Ngaphakathi kwemingcele Lomuzi Omdala is a lot esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo ukuphepha. Khiva uhlobo engcwele isiko zaseMpumalanga lasendulo, ungakwazi ukujabulela umoya edolobheni Asian esidlule bese uba nomuzwa umoya asendulo.

Khiva namuhla

Ngo-1991, Uzbekistan, Khiva ukuqala impilo entsha, iza ukuzimela, kodwa kukhona izimangalo sendawo Turkmenistan. Ngokomlando, idolobha ingeyamakhosi Turkmen Khanate, futhi namuhla izwe ongathanda ukubuye bacele leli zwe.

Namuhla Khiva - esikhulu edolobheni Uzbek elinabantu abantu abayizinkulungwane 60, ingqalasizinda evuthiwe. Lena idolobha elihle kakhulu, azikho izakhiwo ephezulu liphumele futhi eziningi traffic, kusele isimo esithile emadolobheni asempumalanga. Grand Bazaar - endaweni esimatasa lapho abantu, like emakhulwini amaningi zilandelana, izindaba zabo, ukukhuluma, ukudla.

Weather Khiva (Uzbekistan) ukhululekile kakhulu lapha izinsuku 300 ngonyaka kokuba ilanga liphume, emvuleni ngokuvamile befika ngo-March nango-November. Le nyanga yaziwa ngokushisa - Julayi lapho Amazinga okushisa emini ongafinyelela degrees 38. Ngu ezingeni ukhululekile sezulu Hiva ongancintisana zokungcebeleka eziningi emhlabeni. Namuhla Khiva - isikhungo neyaziwayo kwezokuvakasha e-Uzbekistan, kukhona zonke izimo iholidi emnandi futhi ezithakazelisayo. Ukuze zonke ukulondolozwa kwalo ngokomlando edolobheni has zonke izinzuzo impucuko yesimanje. Lapha siphela ukuxhumana kahle yeselula, wonke amahhotela ukunikela amasevisi e-inthanethi, Khiva namanye amadolobha yezwe lihlotshaniswa imigwaqo emihle, kukhona ezimisiwe futhi engabizi zokuhamba zomphakathi.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngo-jikelele, Uzbekistan - ezweni ezolile kakhulu futhi iphephile, kukhona cishe zero lobugebengu, ingozi enkulu izivakashi - kuyinto ngaphezu kwentengo uma uthenga izimpahla ezehlukene. Lapha, njengakwezinye izindawo eMpumalanga, nabathengisi bazimisele behlise, ngakho ekuqaleni amangalelwe inani lentengo eliphezulu izimpahla zabo.

Yini ukubona

Uzbekistan, Khiva baziwa umlando kanye namasiko abo izikhumbuzo. Izivakashi uzodinga izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuhlola zonke ezikhangayo yedolobha. Eyokuqala ukukhuphuka umbhoshongo Ak-Sheikh Bobo ukuba abone umuzi endaweni ephakeme futhi Orient ke. Kusukela emphemeni observation inikeza umbono olugqamile umuzi nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey yayo, domes nezindonga. Futhi kuwufanele kokubona izindonga namasango omuzi, zingabantu izikhumbuzo ezibalulekile ngokomlando, vakashela esigodlweni Tash-Hooley, madrasas Alla uKuli Khan Amin Khan, White Mosque. ngokukhethekile kufanele kube Kunya-Ark Fortress, okuyinto eye walondoloza ukubukeka kwayo kusukela ngekhulu le-17. Isiyonke imali dolobha lisendaweni 60 eziphambili emhlabeni ezikhangayo.

izakhiwo zalo muzi

Beautiful izwe - Uzbekistan. Khiva, ogama ezikhangayo babe ukuphepha ezinhle futhi ubunjalo, iyathinteka. Lapha kuphela ungakwazi ukuzigcina ngokugcwele ngokwakho emkhathini omuzi wasendulo ubone izingqimba eziningi ezakhiwo nangenkathi ezahlukene. Ngo Khiva izakhiwo kubonakala ngamasiko asendulo aseMpumalanga, umuzwa wabo eziyingqayizivele Ingxenye, ikhono ukwakha omkhulukazi, izakhiwo ngokubabazekayo ukuthi shake Interiors yabo futhi yamatshe.

Ukubukeka edolobheni akha nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey esiyingqayizivele, amathempeli kanye madrasas ophahleni, zakha ithrekhi zamadolobha amaningi. Ukubukeka ezakhiwo edolobheni sidalwe ekhulwini 18-19, kodwa kudala landscape ukulingana izakhiwo kahle futhi lasendulo ngaphezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, Sheikh Sayed Alauddin Mausoleum ka ngekhulu le-14 ne ethuneni esiyingqayizivele, ehlotshiswe majolica, uyisibonelo ngesihluku izakhiwo Muslim. Ngaphezu izakhiwo zethempeli nezigodlo e Khiva walondoloza ngokuphelele nezindawo zokuhlala eyinkimbinkimbi, ehamba phezu la ezitaladini uvumele eziphonsa ngokujulile la makhulu eminyaka futhi bazizwa emkhathini we empumalanga nedolobha lasendulo.

Isigodlo Tash-Hawley

Uzbekistan, Khiva ocebile izakhiwo ezingokomlando, kanye nesigodlo Tash-Juli ingenye yezindawo zokuqala phakathi kwabo ku ngokubaluleka nobuhle. Lesi sigodlo lihlotshiswe okwakhiwe oyinkimbinkimbi majolica, ikakhulukazi wezangaphakathi elihle yabesifazana. Lesi sigodlo yisibonelo sesakhiwo Khiva, izindonga blue-blue, uphahlwe tile, emagcekeni ezinomthunzi eyinkimbinkimbi ukhuni ezitsheni kanye imidwebo ezindongeni - konke lokhu kwenza nhlanganisela eyingqayizivele okunethezeka nenduduzo. Lokhu kuyo ehlobo uKhan - wobuciko real bokwakha Islamic.

Monuments of Ichan-Kala

idolobha ezindala Khiva Ichan Kala - walondoloza isakhiwo zomlando endaweni lapho basuke bagxila ezikhangayo esemqoka. Ngaphakathi kwezindonga Ichan-Kala into ukubona, ungaphuthelwa ngoLwesihlanu Juma mosque nge 212 ezibaziweyo amakholomu lokhuni enhle futhi ubuhle, minaret Kalta Minor, ngaphakathi akhiwe ngezitini multi-anemibala, le minaret eliphakeme Islam Khodja. ukucabangela okukhethekile kuzodinga madrassas, okuyinto ahlotshiswe amaphethini eziyingqayizivele isitini futhi Tile bese ugcine umoya kwekhulu le-18. I Umbala we-medieval East ezitolo namanje caravanserai zikanokusho Alla uKuli Khan.

Ukuthola lapho

Ukuze ukuphumula engqondweni yethu kukhona indawo enkulu - Khiva, Uzbekistan. Kanjani ukuze uthole kule ndawo emangalisayo? sezindiza wayo edolobheni, ngakho zezihambeli ziyafika ikakhulukazi Urgench. Lapha fly izindiza ngqo kusuka zezindiza abaningi eRussia. Visa izivakashi Russian akudingeki, ukuze uthole Khiva kungathatha itekisi, okuyinto izindleko zishibhile kakhulu, noma ebhasini. Urgench kusukela Khiva kuyinto km 34 kuphela. Ngo Uzbekistan, omisiwe kahle izivakashi amasevisi, ukuze ungakwazi kalula ukuthenga uhambo ukudluliswa kusuka Urgench, eBukhara futhi Tashkent. Kukhona izinkambo emadolobheni amaningana Kasilika eya.

Izinto okumele uzenze

Uzbekistan, Khiva ngokukhethekile, inikeza ezihlukahlukene amathuba ukuzijabulisa. Umuzi ine eziningi iminyuziyamu ethakazelisayo, lezi zibandakanya: Craft Museum, lapho ungabona imikhiqizo ngensimbi, Jewelers, yababumbi, Abeluki, nezinye ngezisebenzi; Museum of Applied Art Nokuphila, lapho ungabona izinto ukusetshenziswa kwansuku kwabantu bezikhathi zangaphambili; Khorezm umlando Museum, kuyinto iqoqo eliyingqayizivele imivubukulo.

Ngokuza Khiva, qiniseka uzame cuisine kazwelonke, ikakhulukazi njengoba kunezinye zonke izimo salokhu. Ziningi Izitolo ukudla eyiqiniso, lapho ungakwazi nambitha yangempela Uzbek manti, SAMSA, pilaf, Shurpa. Sekuyisikhathi eside Khiva kwaba idume izithelo zawo, okuyinto eye yaba isihloko ukuthekelisa ezinsukwini lasendulo, futhi nakanjani kuwufanele amakhabe Zama hivanskie ukuthi abe ukunambitheka mouthwatering.

isikhathi Mahhala kungenziwa enikelwe Khiva yezitolo yokuqala, ungakwazi ukuthenga i zobumba wendawo engavamile, izingubo kazwelonke, zokhuni, ubucwebe.