Uyini emthaleni, futhi bayini?

Labo othanda ukubheka isibhakabhaka ebusuku, cishe waphawula ububanzi band ezihlukahlukene uvalwe ugcwele (elikhanyayo, okumenza lizwakale, blue, white, njll) izinkanyezi. Lolu Phiko kuyinto galaxy.

Uyini Umthala? Enye yezimfihlakalo esikhulu kunazo zonke endaweni yonke itholakala lokuthi ukuthi izinkanyezi ezingenakubalwa azigcwelanga nemiyalezo emkhathini, futhi zihlelwe zaba imithala. Ngo ngendlela nawo enza ngayo abantu abahlala edolobheni, kokushiya isikhala phakathi nemizana awunalutho.

Iplanethi yethu kuyingxenye emthaleni i-Milky Way. Ezinye amagama imithala mikhulu nakakhulu eyaziwayo: the ezinkulu futhi Small Magellanic Amafu, le-Andromeda Galaxy. Kubo singabona ngeso lenyama, kuyilapho abanye lelikhashane kakhulu eMhlabeni. Adalberto isikhathi eside ehluleka ukubona kuzo ezinye izinkanyezi, sasiwumsebenzi ukwenza kuphela ekhulwini lama-20.

"Uyini Umthala?" - yalo mbuzo ihlobene ososayensi eside nesithakazelo. Kodwa ukufohla real kule ndawo ezenzeka esikhathini kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, lapho yakhiwe futhi umkhankaso emkhathini isibonakude "Hubble".

Usayizi yomthala wethu likhulu kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba nokuyicabanga. ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu iminyaka Umhlaba uzodinga ugongolo kukhanya ukuba kufike wakhe nomunye umkhawulo kuya komunye. Maphakathi nalo itholakala nucleus kuyiphi amagatsha amaningana anda imigqa inenqwaba yezinkanyezi. "Ubuningi" lokhu kuba sobala kuphela, eqinisweni ukuthi akuphi ngempela ezingavamile.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemithala. Ziyahlukahluka isesimweni, isisindo, isayizi, kanye izinto eziqukethwe. Bonke aqukethe uthuli negesi inkanyezi. Kukhona Kuvunguza, okweqanda, okungajwayelekile, indilinga-like nezinye izinhlobo imithala.

Uyini Umthala? Kuyini ngobudala babo yini? Kanjani basebenza? Yini nemigudu ibekiwe? yobudala wabo cishe elilingana engu-yonke. Ukuze ososayensi kuseseyingcenye imfihlakalo, ukuthi yini umnyombo galaxy. Kuye kwatholakala ukuthi ezinye nuclei abasakwazi ukuhlanganyela ngokugcwele. Kwaba isimanga, ngoba kuze kube yilolu ukutholakala, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi i-nucleus yinhlanganisela aminyene amakhulu ezigidi izinkanyezi. Kushisa bhé kule ndawo (optical nomsakazo) zingahluka kwezinye cores Galactic e izinyanga ezimbalwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukukhipha omkhulu kakhulu amandla (okuningi kuka ngokuphazima kweso supernova) phakathi nesikhathi esifushane.

Ngo-1963, kwembula izinto entsha ngokuphelele ukuthi kuba sengathi star emise Bebabizwa quasars. likhanya ngendlela efanayo labo, kwacaca ukuthi, lizidlula kude luminosity imithala. Kuyamangalisa ukuthi ukukhanya quasars zingahluka.

Ukwakhiwa zemithala - kuyinqubo engokwemvelo kwemvelo yonke, egeleza ngaphansi kwethonya amandla adonsela phansi. Ukwehlukahluka kwezimangaliso izinhlobo kanye bobunjwa zemithala kungenxa ezihlukahlukene izimo lapho bezalwa. Kokucindezela emthaleni ingahlala libe no 3 billion. Iminyaka. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-gas izinguquko ohlelweni inkanyezi. Kuyinto by kokucindezelwa ifu gas akha nezinkanyezi (at kwabantu abathile kanye lokushisa ukwanele Fusion izinqubo).

Kancane kancane igesi interstellar izinqolobane ayengezwa mpilo, futhi kumiswa izinkanyezi uba ngaphansi okukhulu. Lapho zonke izinsiza siyingcuba, a galaxy Kuvunguza uguqulwe we-lenticular wangakwesokunxele, ehlanganisa ngokuphelele izinkanyezi ezibomvu. Lesi sigaba kukhona imithala okweqanda kabani igesi izinsiza wayichitha omunye Iminyaka bhiliyoni 15-20. Edlule.

Abantu abaningi umbono walokho akha Umthala is ka eminingi yesayensi amabhayisikobho, amaqhawe abathanda ukuhamba expanses isikhala, vakashela amaplanethi engaziwa imithala. Empeleni, lokhu kuhlelwe esikhathini esizayo. Ngisho noma siya ngejubane lokukhanya (okungakwazi lude kakhulu), kwase kuba kwabayishumi Andromeda Galaxy (yomthala wethu eliseduze) sithola iminyaka kuphela ngemva 2.5 million. Nakuba (ngokuvumelana izibalo zezinkanyezi) kuyeza nathi futhi eminyakeni 4-5 billion ebhekene boMthala wethu, okuyoholela ekwakhekeni Umthala entsha okweqanda.