USir Arthur Conan Doyle: Umbhali "Sherlock Holmes" hhayi kuphela

Detective, ngokungangabazeki omunye izinhlobo ethandwa kakhulu futhi liyabonakala ezincwadi. Into yokuqala efika emqondweni uma uzwa leli gama - a umphenyi ngokubulala ngesihluku lokuhlushwa noma imfihlakalo eyinkimbinkimbi. Uwakhumbula ngokushesha amagama rangers adumile: Miss Marple Allan Pinkerton, Erkyul Puaro futhi, yebo, Sherlock Holmes. Igama lakhe liye laba undabuzekwayo ukuze ubheke umuntu emangalisayo amakhono deductive sezihambile ukucabanga okunengqondo. Amanothi mayelana uhambo we umphenyi kakade babe zabuna ezincwadi, kodwa bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi kwaba nombhali Sherlock Holmes - uSir Arthur Conan Doyle.

Esakhula

Wazalwa Arthur Conan Doyle (igama ngezinye izikhathi ebhaliwe ngokuthi "Doyle" ngenxa ukudideka ne ngesiNgisi) May 22, 1859 e-Edinburgh, eScotland, indodana umculi and umklami. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ubaba womfana ngokuvamile baphuza, u-Arthur wathola imfundo enhle eyisisekelo, futhi yaba yiminyaka emakhulu asithoba wathunyelwa ezikude boarding school. Ngeshwa, kuleliphuzu umbhali uye wahlala izinkumbulo ezimbi kakhulu: ngabanengekayo ukudla, kuhlawuliswa, ezingeni eliphansi nokufundisa.

Kodwa ukule ndawo abuhlungu umbhali ikusasa "Sherlock Holmes 'evula ithalente lakhe ngokubhala. Kungenxa yokuthi lokhu Arthur Conan Doyle kwaduma ontanga yabo. Ekupheleni kweminyaka eyisikhombisa yokufunda esikoleni, waze waqala ukuveza iphephabhuku ayo bese uyazama wena versification.

ekuqaleni

Ngo-1876, Doyle owaba umfundi we Faculty of University of Edinburgh. Isifundo yanikwa kalula, isikhathi khulula enikelwe Arthur izincwadi. Kakade Ngonyaka wesithathu, wanyathelisa indzaba lemfisha kule magazini Scottish ngawo lowo nyaka, ukushicilelwa sihloko yakhe imithi ku amaphephabhuku abanethonya futhi wakuthola. Ngo-1881 wathola iziqu wezokwelapha kusukela nombhali Sherlock Holmes uhambo eNtshonalanga Afrika njengoba udokotela womkhumbi. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, endleleni, kakade waba nokuhlangenwe nakho Luzoba njani uhambo olude: uhambo e-Arctic akubanga yize. Ukubuyela kusukela nohambo lwasolwandle, Doyle yaqala ukusebenza njengoba udokotela, ngemva kweminyaka embalwa zobudokotela kwezokwelapha.

Kodwa ngemuva zonke izinkathazo, akazange bayakhohlwa lokusungula. Ngo-1886, u-Arthur Conan Doyle seyaziwa ngokuthi umbhali temibhalo yephrozi. "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes" - izindaba kuqala mayelana umphenyi abadumile - uvele nakomagazini.

Udumo ... uphonsa?

Ngo-1889, Doyle nomkakhe nendodakazi abasha ushiye UK. udokotela Sokuvelela enquma ukuthuthela e-Austria, lapho afundela khona isikhathi esithile khona ukuya kusuka imithi jikelele zamehlo, kodwa ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, lo mbhangqwana wabuyela eLondon. Arthur isikhashana ethunywe ukuba azovula ihhovisi wangasese, ezama ukuhlanganisa imithi nezincwadi, kodwa ngo-1891 ngaphandle ngokuphelele indawo yonke ngokuthi "Sherlock Holmes." Umbhali izindaba ezivusa amadlingozi nsuku iyaduma ngaphezulu, yena ngokwakhe bavunyelwe ukuthi zifune imali eningi ngoba izindaba, omagazini futhi nakomagazini abayizigebengu babezimisele ukukhokha imali enhle ngoba ithuba ukuphrinta Doyle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Arthur luhamba nomkhaya wakhe emhlabeni wonke, ubhala, ofundisa e inguqulo eyasetshenziswa emayunivesithi ahlukahlukene. Ngo-1897, wabuyela e-UK, wazama esandleni sakhe, njengendlela umlobi wemidlalo yaseshashalazini - nezwe wathola inguqulo waseshashalazini ka "Sherlock Holmes."

Ngo-December walowo 1899 uqala neMpi Anglo-Boer. Njengoba aphonswe uchungechunge izindaba "Sherlock Holmes" odokotela sokuzithandela bathunyelwa epini. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, u-Arthur Conan Doyle wathola isiqalo "Mnumzane" futhi isihloko Knight inkonzo yakhe Crown izikhathi enzima yempi. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kubonakala encwadini "The Great Boer War."

ngemuva

Ngemva kwempi, u-Arthur seliphinde kwesokunxele nomsebenzi wezokwelapha, kulokhu ngenxa ezombusazwe. Nokho, wayengeke akwazi ngisho nokuthola ukunqoba okhethweni endawo, maduze bashiya lo mbono. Ngo-1906, ngemva kokushona komkayo, yena ushada okwesibili, futhi ubuhlobo entsha iletha kuye izingane hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ugqozi izinguqulo waseshashalazini kwezinye izindaba kusuka uchungechunge oluthi "Sherlock Holmes": nombhali umsebenzi wakwazi ukufeza ukukhiqizwa "tape Motley", kanye "kusho okhulumela amaphoyisa uBrigadier Gerard" futhi "Rodni Stoun" (e Kulo mBhalo, igama mazwi ashintshwa athi "Indlu Terperli"). Esikhathini esifanayo, ishicilelwe "Hound we Baskervilles" - inoveli mayelana Kwesinye edume kakhulu ubuhlakani umphenyi.

Kodwa umqondo izikweletu wasemakhishini esinganqobeki, ngakho-ke, akumangalisi ukuthi ne kokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, uSir Arthur Conan Doyle waphinda zahlangana izisebenzi zokuzithandela-British Army.

eminyakeni yamuva

Ukubuyela nge impi entsha, umlobi "Sherlock Holmes" uthola spiritualism. UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki, futhi ngiyavuma, imfundiso ezingavamile bewathanda kangaka Doyle, ukuthi ngo-1922 ephinde ishiya izwe laseBrithani nelase waya nomkhaya wakhe e-United States, lapho efuna bawubheka njengobalulekile Ukukhuthazwa kokusebenzelana nemimoya. Cishe eminyakeni emibili ayihlala endleleni, uzama kuthakazelise inombolo enkulu kunazo zonke zabantu kwezilwandle izimfundiso esoteric, kodwa eko ngasekupheleni, u-Arthur Conan Doyle ibuyisela eYurophu. Ngo-1929, lapho uhambela emazweni aseScandinavia, lapho ebhala incwadi yakhe yokugcina, hhayi okuhlobene ukuba kakade wakwazi casula kuye Sherlock Holmes (umlobi ngisho nakanye bazama ukumbulala, kodwa ngenxa yengcindezi yomphakathi waphoqeleka ukuba avuse uhlamvu).

Julayi 7, 1930 uSir Arthur Conan Doyle wafa. Wayeneminyaka engu-71 ubudala.

abalingisi

Dlula umfanekiso acacile abavelele kangaka ka Sherlock Holmes cishe akunakwenzeka, ngakho ezinsukwini zokuphila kwakhe aziphiweyo umsunguli walo yaqala ukubonakala abalobi lokuveza umbono wabo ngalo uhlamvu engavamile. Izindaba mayelana isiphetho umphenyi wabhala nendodana Artura Konana Doyle, futhi Franklin Roosevelt - omunye edume kakhulu US kamongameli.

Ngo nineties kwekhulu lamashumi amabili ensimini ka ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union kwakukhona inqwaba yezincwadi, "Sherlock Holmes" uchungechunge nezinye abalobi (A. Shaburina V Petrina, M. Trushina mina T. D.), Amacebo ukuthi izindaba ezintsha ezatholakala ipotimende ka uDkt Watson . Inombolo ngabalingisi ubuhlakani Doyle omkhulu ngempela, futhi cishe kuzo zonke version of the izindaba mayelana umphenyi ubuhlakani, kukhona into ethakazelisayo ngokumangalisayo.