Umthamo kanye nomthamo umuntu wezomthetho kuphakama ngasiphi iphuzu?

Njengelungu le egcwele nokuzibandakanya zomphakathi, inhlangano njalo benawo amandla angokomthetho futhi amandla angokomthetho. Noma kunjalo, izinga idatha kukhona ukungezwani okukhulu kusukela izici ezifanayo, okuyinto ngokugcwele obonwa umthetho abantu ngabanye. и какие же особенности влечет за собой соответствующий процесс? Kusukela lapho kukhona amandla kwenhlangano engokomthetho, futhi yiziphi izici libandakanya inqubo okuhambisanayo?

Umqondo izinhlangano umthamo

Umthetho Civil we Russian Federation inquma umthamo lenhlangano njengoba ikhono lawo abanalo uhlamvu civil kwemalungelo umthwalo abafanele (kuhlanganise isibopho sezomthetho) esebenzisa ezidzimeleleko.

State Ikhodi WaseRussia ukuthi inhlangano uzakuba amalungelo ezakhamuzi imisebenzi ngokusebenzisa imizimba ethize obhekene umsebenzi wabo, sokuqondiswa umthetho futhi imibhalo wokusungula. Inqubo idatha iziphathimandla ukhetho kunqunywa futhi ngumthetho noma amadokhumenti ephambili.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nhlangano kungenziwa benawo amalungelo nezibopho, futhi ngokusebenzisa ababambiqhaza, abayobe ngokuqinisekile bathembeke futhi ngokuphumelelayo. его регистрации. kuyakuvela umthamo Yomthetho (umthamo) we inhlangano engokomthetho kusuka ngesikhathi sokubhalisa yayo. Lokhu isici isici esibaluleke kakhulu ukuhlukanisa izinhlangano ezivela ngabanye (endabeni isithakazelo).

Umqondo izinhlangano umthamo

Ngaphansi nomthamo umuntu ngokomthetho kusho ikhono lawo benawo amalungelo nezibopho bemvelo yombango, okuyinto edingekayo sokuthuthukisa yimuphi umsebenzi azingqubuzani yomthetho othize.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umthamo civil zomthetho kuzakuvuka kwenhlangano engokomthetho evela mzuzu lasungulwa noma ngemva yokufuna idokhumenti ethize (ilayisensi). Ngamanye amazwi, ngokushesha emva ukubhalisa inhlangano benawo amandla angokomthetho ngokuphelele. Uma ngasizathu simbe inhlangano ayifakiwe esihlanganisiwe ebhukwini isimo noma ilayisensi sikhathi, kusho ukuqedwa amandla esemthethweni yenhlangano.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ikhono inhlangano yomphakathi njengenkolo esemthethweni futhi kuphakama esikhathini ukubhalisa zikahulumeni. It is benawo uhlamvu ezimbili. Ngakho, kuvamile (elinye igama - jikelele), noma ekhethekile (okunomkhawulo). Lezi imiqondo, kuxoxwa ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi.

Ukuvela umthamo kanye umthamo yenhlangano

Umthamo, kanye umuntu wezomthetho ukuma kuphakama kusukela ukubhaliswa kwaso ne ukubhalisa noma ngemva isimiso. Eqinisweni, lena sici yabo eyinhloko oluhlukanisa amandla angokomthetho umuntfu lophilako.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izincwadi livamile ukusebenzisa inkulumo ethi "kwesokudla umthamo" kwenhlangano. Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi uvele ngokunembile ngenxa nesenzakalo kanyekanye ngayinye yezinhlobo esethini ebekiwe. Lesi sikhundla usekelwa kwesigatshana 3 kanye neSigaba 49 isigaba 2 Article 51 kweKhodi State.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi umthamo maqondana abantu kuphakama ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana zokufezekiswa yobudala ethile eyaziwa, ngokuvamile kuxhomeke isimo impilo isakhamuzi. Kodwa for nezinhlangano ezingokomthetho ukuhlukanisa lezi zigaba, njengoba umthetho, ngokuphelele asihlobene.

Izinhlobonhlobo nomthamo izinhlangano ezingokomthetho

Njengoba kwembulwe ezahlukweni ezandulele, amandla kwenhlangano engokomthetho kwenzeka phezu ukubhaliswa kwaso nendikimba (noma ngemva ukubhaliswa isimiso). Isici esibalulekile salo magazini kuba phambi esigabeni ethize, okubandakanya ukwabiwa umthamo jikelele futhi kulinganiselwe. Esokuqala uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi jikelele. Inikeza ithuba ewusizo izinhlangano ezingokomthetho, iwukuba nokuqalisa ngokuphelele yonke imisebenzi hhayi kungavunyelwa umthetho. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuleli cala e imibhalo owasungula inhlangano akufanele iqukathe enze uhlu oluphelele lwazo izinhlobo umsebenzi, okuyinto ke yenze. Ngamanye amazwi, lo LE angaqalisa ukusebenzisa ngokuphelele noma namuphi umsebenzi kungavunyelwa izenzo zomthetho.

inhlangano engokomthetho Special

kuphakama Kunomkhawulo (ekhethekile) ubuntu zomthetho kusuka ngesikhathi sokubhalisa yayo, kodwa kuphela labo endowed nezinhlangano ezifana okuyiwona msebenzi isethwe ngumthetho noma amadokhumenti ephambili. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi lolu hlobo umthamo yikhono inhlangano kuphela umsebenzi ngokuqinile echaziwe. izici ezibalulekile nazi division yezenhlalakahle wezabaSebenzi imigomo ukuthi namagunya aphakeme linqume inhlangano ethile.

Uhlelo ukulawula imisebenti yetemnotfo kanye isimiso amandla angokomthetho

kuyakuvela umthamo Jikelele noma ekhethekile zomthetho kwenhlangano engokomthetho kusuka ngesikhathi sokubhalisa isimo futhi ngokuqinile kuncike inqubo kwezomnotho zokulawula. Umgomo we uhlobo olukhethekile amandla angokomthetho inquma, njengoba umthetho, uhlelo eyodwa ka ukuphathwa kwezomnotho.

Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi uhlobo emakethe umnotho esivela inani elikhulu emazweni, imigomo eqinile besikhundla esemthethweni yenhlangano njengenhlangano ekhethekile kakhulu nganoma iyiphi indlela singahlangabezani indlela emisha ukuphathwa. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ibe inhlangano engokomthetho ongakwazi ukukukhuthaza noma yimuphi umsebenzi alikho ukungqubuzana izinhloso zayo ezimisiwe (imigomo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele kunqatshelwe ngokomthetho, kunjalo nakanjani.

okuhlukile

Kukhona imisebenzi ethize (uhlu Kumiswa ngumthetho), okungase bahlanganyele LE inqobo banayo imvume ekhethekile, ngokuthi ilayisensi. Ngakho, kungashiwo baphetha ngokuthi umthamo esemthethweni yenhlangano noma kunjalo, sinikezwe umlingisi eziqondiwe elicacisiwe sisekelo wayo izimpokophelo, njengoba umthetho, zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, eduze ukukhiqizwa okukhethekile kungaba namanye amazwe, noma ucwaningo imisebenzi injongo.

amathuba ezinjalo izinhlangano enikeziwe futhi imiphakathi yohlobo kwezomnotho, ama cooperatives, nezinye izinhlangano ezinezici kwezohwebo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umnikazi amalungelo endawo nempahla noma umuntu ogunyazwe kuye angase avumele ukuba baphathe ezithile yomsebenzi wezomnotho izikhungo siqu, ukuba izici engenzi inzuzo.

Esinye isici udaba uthi umthetho oqondile kakhulu ukhawule ikhono yenombolo yezinhlangano ngokuya ukuphathwa. Isibonelo imisebenzi zebhizinisi izinhlangano ezithile (amaqembu ezombusazwe).

Kwamalayisensi izinhlangano

с момента его регистрации или же после получения определенного разрешающего документа, именуемого лицензией. Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, amandla angokomthetho kwenhlangano engokomthetho bavele okwamanje sokubhalisa yayo, noma ngemuva kokuthola esigunyazayo idokhumenti ethize ebizwa ngokuthi ilayisensi. Kungaba zithunyelwe kuziphathimandla ezifanele kuzo zombili iphepha kanye elekthronikhi.

Lolu hlobo imibhalo ithi lokhu noma lokhuya inhlangano ihambisana ngokugcwele izidingo selayisense uhlobo oluthile imisebenzi sezisunguliwe ngumthetho. Phakathi nalezi zimfuneko abaluleke kakhulu yilena elandelayo:

• Ukuba khona inhlangano ethile kwamabhilidi, izakhiwo, imishini nokunye.
• Ukutholakala kwabasebenzi ne ezidingekayo ukuze kuqalise ukusebenza ubunjalo ethile neziqu.
• Ukuba khona uhlelo lokulawula izinqubo ukukhiqizwa nokunye.

Iziphathimandla futhi abameleli esemthethweni

в момент его формирования, которое приурочено к регистрации посредством государственных органов (пункт 3 статьи 49 и пункт 2 статьи 51 ГК). Njengoba sekuchaziwe ngenhla, kuyakuvela amandla angokomthetho kwenhlangano engokomthetho ngesikhathi lasungulwa, okuyinto angavalelwa yokubhalisa yezikhungo zomphakathi (sihloko 49, isigaba 3 futhi esigabeni 2 Isigaba 51 se-Code Civil). Kodwa neligalelo ngalokugcwele imali civil, iyiphi inhlangano kumele inikezwe hhayi kuphela zimvume kodwa futhi umthamo. Ngakho, izenzo siqu ke unelungelo lokuthola, bahlanganise, siqalise ukusebenza futhi, yebo, kudingekile ukwenza amalungelo nezibopho.

Ngakho-ke uyelulekwa ukuba ukwethulwa kwe-elithi, njengoba iyingxenye umuntu ngokomthetho (umuntu - emzimbeni umlingisi yedwa, noma iqembu labantu - ubunjalo collegial zomzimba) elimelela izithakazelo yenhlangano phezu ubudlelwane nabanye abahilelekile kule nqubo kwezomnotho, futhi ube amalungelo athile. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umzimba ayinakho amandla akhethekile, okungukuthi, inqubo okwenzeka ngaphandle kwewaranti.