Umshini Anesthesia: izinhlobo, izici. imishini kwezokwelapha Modern

Ngezinye izikhathi umuntu ebhekene nezinkinga ezingathi sína-ke nempilo yakho lapho ukwelashwa eziphumelela kakhulu ukuhlinzwa. Feza ukusebenza kunoma iyiphi umzimba ngeke zisebenze ngaphandle izinzwa, ngaphandle kwalokho isiguli bayothola ubuhlungu obukhulu ezingase ekugcineni lubekelwe ukuphila kwayo. Kunezinhlobo eziningana izinzwa, kodwa okukhulu kakhulu futhi luhlale isikhathi eside wakhonza imishini ekhethekile. umshini Anesthesia, futhi kuyinto esemqoka idivayisi ekhona egumbini lokuhlinza, ungakwazi ngokushesha wenze nesineke ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile, ngesikhathi lapho kwenziwe kokungenela. Kodwa kuyini ngempela kule divayisi?

umshini Anesthesia: yini kule divayisi?

Iinsetjenziswa zokukhwela kokunikeza izinzwa - lokhu imishini kwezokwelapha, okuhloswe ukunikeza ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile. Le divayisi angase abizwe ngokuthi unikeze izinzwa ohlelweni. Uma esikhathini esidlule ukusebenza kwalezi amadivayisi kwaba ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyakwazi ukuhlinzeka igesi ebulala izinzwa kanye amagesi ukwesekwa ukuphila kulesi sifunda nesineke, imishini yezokwelapha zesimanje kunikeza amathuba amaningi. It hhayi kuphela kungakwenza umoya-mpilo futhi igesi ebulala izinzwa endaweni igesi noma uketshezi, kodwa futhi ukukhiqiza ukuqapha olunzulu izimpawu ezibalulekile:

• ingcindezi kule ipheshana zokuphefumula;
• flow-mpilo okuhlushwa;
• ukupholisa othomathikhi yokufakelwa kwamaphaphu isiguli.

Ngenxa yokuthi izici imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke ne ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile kubhekwa kudingekile, ngaphezu, kubalulekile ukuba afeze umuntu afakwe emishinini yokuphefumula. Phakathi nomsebenzi we-apharathasi zokukhiqiza yesimanje isikhathi esithile ubuyisela umsebenzi imisipha zokuphefumula zomzimba womuntu, kuqinisekisa oxygenation nokushaya komoya. Anesthesia isetshenziselwa usinika tube endotracheal noma izinzwa buso.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, idivayisi evumela ukulawula ivolumu nokucindezelwa, kodwa izindlela ezahlukene kungenzeka, isibonelo, kungenzeka qhutshwa noma ukupholisa elisizayo, ingcindezi elawulwa noma asekelwe, kanye neminye imisebenzi eminingi.

Lapho esetshenziswa umshini izinzwa?

Anesthesia amathuluzi asetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ukungenelela kuhlinzwa, kodwa futhi phakathi ekwelapheni pathologies ezehlukene ezinzima lapho kungukuphula imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu umzimba:

• congestive ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo;
• ukungasebenzi ipheshana zokuphefumula: i-pneumonia, isifuba somoya, wamaphaphu edema;
• ukushaqeka;
• ikhoma;
• uthi convulsive of omsakazo ezihlukahlukene;
• kungadaleka ingozi embi kakhulu betshisa;

• izifo ezithathelwanayo, ikakhulukazi botulism, ngqi nabanye;
• amafomu okukhulu okunobuthi.

Modular izinzwa uhlelo kunezinqubo eziningana wokusebenza:

• Inikeza ingcindezi omuhle okuyinto sidla ngokuqhubekayo;
• ingcindezi omuhle, kodwa sisetshenziswa izingqimba ezimbili;
• Ngokuhlanganisa okungenhla imisebenzi emibili.

Izinhlobo amadivayisi ukulethwa izinzwa

Okwamanje, lenqwaba amadivayisi ezisiza odokotela abahlinzayo hhayi kuphela uma kunesidingo jikelele indlela yokubulala izinzwa (izinzwa), kodwa futhi odokotela ngubani kufanele aphathe iziguli pathologies eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukuze usize odokotela ekwelapheni, abakhiqizi ukunikela izinhlobo eziningana amadivayisi:

• phansi;
• udonga;
• ephathekayo.

Floor amamodeli ifakwe simiso kokungathembeki futhi isekela ngesimo amasondo, okwenza bakwazi ukuwenza abe ukhululekile esibhedlela.

ongakhetha Wall zivame kakhulu esetshenziselwa kuhlomisa sanitary zezindiza ezinophephela emhlane, ama-ambulensi kanye nama-ambulensi isampula yesimanje.

Ephathekayo noma Modular yakhelwe ukuhlomisa abatakuli kanye Abosizo nezinto ezidingekayo kakhulu futhi nzima, ozokusiza kunoma iyiphi indawo ukusiza isiguli nanoma yimuphi degree of kobukhulu isifo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadivaysi Modular nazo ifakwe amabhethri ezisiza idivayisi kunoma iyiphi isimo ukusebenza amahora ambalwa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Futhi, wonke amadivaysi ingase yehluke kuye ngesistimu, okuyiwona isigaba iziguli okubhekiswe. Ngokwesibonelo, izingane, amadivayisi njenge zibizwa ngokuthi ezisanda kubelethwa futhi ube nenani imisebenzi eyengeziwe.

Isimiso ezisebenza umshini izinzwa

izitshalo izinzwa usebenza isimiso umjovo. Zisiza ekondleni inani izinzwa emaphashini isiguli ngesimo igesi, exhunywe kwi-mpilo noma umoya-mpilo eyodwa kuphela. Zonke kuncike ngokuqondile ngesimo: kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa egumbini labagula kakhulu iyunithi, qiniseka ukuba acabangele yobudala lesiguli, isisindo, kanye nezifo ezihlobene nayo.

IVL owazenza omuhle ekupheleni-expiratory ingcindezi 5-10-15 amanzi cm ikholomu, kodwa ukufundwa elotshiwe. Kungenzeka ukuba afeze umuntu afakwe emishinini yokuphefumula amahora ambalwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinsuku noma iminyaka. Kukhona futhi kumadivayisi ephezulu imvamisa. Eza amafomu eziningana: ivolumu, inkjet futhi ostsillyarnye.

kudivayisi Inkjet kuyinto kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe, futhi ukhonza eziningi imijikelezo zokuphefumula ngaphakathi 100-300 ngomzuzu. Ngaleyo ndlela, singaqonda umthwalo e-inhliziyo, ngcono ukugeleza kwegazi kanye negesi lokushintshisana emaphashini. Ukusetshenziswa ukupholisa mechanical kungenzeka parallel ukupholisa ezivamile.

izici Technical we amadivayisi izinzwa

Akukho imishini kangcono, okuyinto akuhlanganisileyo wesayensi eziningana (ukuhlinzwa, isayensi yokubulala izinzwa kanye yokusiza umuntu ukuba aphefumule) kuka-apharathasi imithi ebulala izinzwa. Amadivayisi anjalo ziye zasetshenziswa isikhathi eside, kodwa kumadivayisi zanamuhla imisebenzi ahlukahlukene nokusiza ngisho nasezimweni ezinzima ngendlela exakile. I eziyinkimbinkimbi zanamuhla siqukethe izinhlelo ezifana:

• umfutho ophakeme;
• dosimeter;
• imithi yokubulala izinzwa evaporator ewuketshezi;
• mpilo Embedded okuyinto kunezinqubo eziningana yokusebenza;
• ukuphefumula wesifunda nge umswakama;
• Bonisa izinqubo zokuqapha;
• aspirator;
• humidifier ukuphefumula ingxube.

Dosimeter futhi evaporator ayadingeka ukuze esihle kutsha Isikali izidakamizwa. Ezimweni eziningi, usebenzisa uhlobo lwe-rotary, lapho ingxube ukugeleza isilinganiso is esabekwa iflothi. Evaporator - esitsheni akhethekile, kuba kuwo uguqulwe umusi ketshezi imithi ebulala izinzwa.

ukugeleza noTidali isetshenziswa kanye mpilo mathupha futhi kanjani ukugcina izidakamizwa.

Izici amadivayisi izinzwa

Namuhla, isayensi yokubulala izinzwa kanye imithi ukunakekelwa ezibucayi Seledlulise phambili. Zonke sibonga yokuthi imishini yesimanje ivumela isikhathi esifushane ukusiza iziguli ezine zokugula ezinzima. Ngokuvamile esetshenziswa izikhungo zokwelapha neyongayo izinzwa iyunithi. Sinenkosi ithimba design, okuyinto wenza sikwazi ukukhetha amamojuli kusukela nezimfuneko ezithile lobuchwepheshe kanye imininingwane ukusebenza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngamunye ekhona ngaleso umshini isikhashana izinzwa kukhona ukungezwani phakathi kwabo:

• Uhlobo mpilo imithi ebulala izinzwa. Futhi babe ezimbili: womoya kanye kagesi, futhi akukho moya inikezwa namanye amamodeli.
• Buka flowmeter: mechanical nobe elekthronikhi.
• Ukungafani usebenzisa amagesi: emoyeni, umoya-mpilo, i-nitrous oxide, Xenon, nabanye.
• Kungenzeka noma ukungabi nakwenzeka kwento ukusetshenziswa ephansi ukugeleza izinto zokubulala izinzwa.
• Ubungako besikhathi evumela umshini ukuba usebenze autonomously.
• Ubukhulu.
• Umehluko ngekuya yobudala isiguli.

Omunye umehluko okubalulekile induduzo imishini magciwane. Abakhiqizi ukukhiqiza onobuhle ezidinga magciwane ukuhlaziywa kwe-circuit ukuphefumula, bese kuba khona labo lapho nobunzima obunjalo akudingeki ukuthatha.

Kodwa ukuze siqonde ngokunembile izici imishini izinzwa, kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele ezinye izinhlobo ethandwa kakhulu.

Iinsetjenziswa zokukhwela ukubulala izinzwa "Polinarkon"

Le divayisi abakhiqizi ezifuywayo, kubhekwa omunye ethandwa kakhulu. Namuhla, odokotela abaningi baye bayeka Izibuyekezo ezinhle mayelana nale divayisi, ngoba kusiza ukuqinisekisa umoya isiguli esithile isifunda esisodwa kwezimbili 4. Basuke kahle ihlanganiswe namadivayisi, okunikeza ukupholisa yokufakelwa, kodwa futhi okuhle kunakho konke basuke kuqhathaniswa namadivayisi ezifana: RC-5 noma 6, Isigaba-5, lapho ekugcineni kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuze ubone kahle hle ulungise bese ugcine ngaphansi kolawulo ivolumu kwamaphaphu. Letindlela ayatholakala ngentengo.

umshini Anesthesia Fabius Plus

Le divayisi kamakhi German "Draeger" iyathandwa kakhulu. Labo kakade wakwazi usihlole emsebenzini, basutha. Le divayisi ifakwe fan E-ukuzwakalisa, esinikela izindlela eziningana ukupholisa:

• inhlukano / nokuguqulwa;
• ukulawula ivolumu;
• nge njalo ukulawula ingcindezi;
• ne ingcindezi yokusekela;
• Kuxhunyaniswé ukupholisa ezengeziwe.

Anesthesia umshini "Draeger Fabius" - is kagesi enophephela iyunithi nge piston futhi ngekhompyutha elawulwa. Okufakwe ne kuba ibhethri, bese siphela autonomously imizuzu engaphezu kwengu-45. Lolu Phiko luqondene ilula kakhulu futhi enembile interface ngamunye.

Ukucaciswa "Fabius"

Ukuze uqonde ngokunembile iziphi izinzuzo zale divayisi, kungcono ukucacisa umsebenzi walo:

• ukuqapha okuqhubekayo O2 lokuhlushwa ngesikhathi ugqozi;
• zokuqapha njalo kwemigudu yokuphefumula ngomzuzu ivolumu kanye imvamisa;
• ukuqapha ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka yokucindezela iqophelo ipheshana zokuphefumula;
• Plateau ingcindezi.

Ukusho lokho kule yunithi kuhlukile nabanye abaningi, kudingeka unqume ukuthi izici zayo ehlukile:

• Inama isibonisi umbala, ukubonisa izithombe kanye nemingcele digital;
• ke okunokwethenjelwa futhi iphephile mechanical Rotor uhlelo;
• kungenzeka ukuba kanyekanye ukukhweza evaporators ezimbili imithi yokubulala izinzwa imuncwe;
• He is mobile, ngakho udokotela kulula ukuze azihlele sokusebenza elilungile;
• esikahle base ikalishi, okungase isebangeni, futhi eminye omunye ngohlobo lomshini.

Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi idivayisi noma izinzwa enikeziwe, isiguli ngasinye kufanele uqaphele ukuthi lokhu kungalimaza umzimba.

izinzwa Jikelele: nemiphumela emzimbeni

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lo izinzwa iye ifakwe kahle futhi izinzwa professional, omunye kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi yethula Kwakuyohlanganisani eminye yemiphumela ezingathathwa, kuhlanganisa:

• hypotension;
• reflex Gag;
• arrhythmia;
• ubuchopho edema;
• asphyxia;
• yezinkinga ohlelweni wamaphaphu;
• izinqubo ukuvuvukala;
• ukwehluleka kwezinso;
• ukuphazamiseka e isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi, iqinisekisa ingqondo.

Iziguli ngokwabo, okuyinto laqanjwa jikelele izinzwa, imiphumela ingeyomzimba bachazwa futhi ngalendlela: ukunakwa nihlakazeke, ngokwengxenye ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo, nenkinga ngenkulumo. Ezinye iziguli ukuzwa ukukhathazeka omnene, ukucasuka, uvalo nokuqwasha.

Ikakhulukazi izinzwa kuthinta kakhulu izingane, abesifazane, izingane ukuchamisela, kanye nabantu asebekhulile.

Uphenyo odokotela

umshini izinzwa e umkhuba wakhe ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa esetshenziswa abahlinzayo, anesthetists futhi resuscitators. Ngo kuzibuyekezo zabo, amadivayisi ayenendawo ezisebenza ezikhathini ezikude eSoviet, akuyona ngempumelelo kanye nama-practical. Kodwa manje, lapho emisha akuyona emi namanje, izinto zishintshile, amadivayisi yesimanje kunezimo eziningi, ukuze odokotela kungasiza abantu ngisho ubangwa nezibi. Ngosizo lwabo, sakwazi ukunciphisa ukufa kwezingane ugula ubangwa nezibi.

isiphetho

Kufinyeta, singasho ukuthi amadivayisi yesimanje kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo - kuba kudivayisi ngempumelelo ukukusiza hhayi kuphela ngokushesha isicelo izinzwa ukuze indoda, kodwa futhi ukusekela impilo ezinye izidumbu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngosizo lwabo, lo obulala izinzwa unethuba ukhethe umthamo eliphezulu isiguli esithile. amadivaysi izinzwa anoma yiluphi uhlobo ingasetshenziswa kuphela izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe, esibhedlela noma wokutakula mobile amaqembu endleleni.