Umlando omfushane impilo kanye nomsebenzi laseChekhov

Namhlanje niyikhulume Anton laseChekhov - ngokuphila kwakhe. Futhi umsebenzi laseChekhov sika izokwethulwa kulesi sihloko. Ake uqale nge Biography emfushane, bese lungisa everything ngokugcwele.

Umlando omfishane ukuphila nomsebenzi A. P. Chehova

• Anton Pavlovich chehov wazalwa 17 (29) Januwari 1860 eTaganrog. Umndeni abazali bakhe - Chehovy Pavel Georgievich (yomthengisi) kanye Evgenia Yakovlevna.
• Inkathi esukela 1876 kuya 1878 - ngalesi sikhathi, ucwaningo lokuqala kwezincwadi umbhali.
• Ukutadisha-University of eMoscow, e-Faculty of Medicine, owawuse-1879-1884, ngokulandelana.
• Kodwa ngo-1880 wanyathelisa imisebenzi yokuqala umbhali, kanye nomsebenzi wawo kwenziwe omagazini ehlukahlukene yamahlaya "Iwashi le-alamu", "Izindengezi," "Dragonfly".
• Ngo-1890, laseChekhov waya esiqhingini Sakhalin.
• Waqala ukusebenza e 1898 kanye eMoscow Art Theatre, owawusedolobheni ngesikhathi esifanayo kudlalwé play "seagull".
• umshado OL ukuze Olga Knipper - 1901.
• 1903-1904 GG. - play yaqale okuhleliwe ngesikhathi eMoscow Art Theatre ngaphansi kwegama "I Cherry Orchard."
• Ngo-1904, 2 (15) ka-July, umbhali washona ngo Badenweiler, kuleli yokungcebeleka German.

Ngakho, thina chaza kafushane impilo kanye nomsebenzi laseChekhov. Ithebula, okuyinto zingenziwa kusukela kule indaba, kuzokusiza sokwetshisa kangcono ulwazi, uma ufuna ukukhumbula izinsuku ukhiye elihlobene ne-umuntu Anton laseChekhov.

Uma ufuna more ngokujulile ulwazi biography, kuzokusiza uhlaka sasivumela eningiliziwe ukuphila nomsebenzi laseChekhov esiye sazenza inikele ukunakwa kwakho namuhla.

Ngo ekhaya abazali bakhe '

Chehov Anton Pavlovich wazalwa eTaganrog. Uyisemkhulu kwakungu-a serf ngokuzalwa, kodwa ngeke wathenga yena nomkhaya wakhe futhi wakhonza kwalokho imenenja izindlu (ezinye izici yesithombe akhe abonakala ubunjalo firs "I Cherry Orchard"). Ubaba, u-Anton Pavlovich ephethwe esitolo, kodwa kwahluka ukungakwazi ukuqhuba izindaba kwezomnotho, kuyinto engeke asebenze. Ngo uhlamvu bakhe babe munye kakhulu: inikezwe izingane amakhono okwenza imidwebo (Paul G. ezinhle ngesikhathi Umdwebo, kodwa futhi uyakuthanda umculo, ukudlala i-violin, wayithanda ukucula esontweni) ne imperiousness futhi elisindayo ngilambatha mayelana umndeni kanye nabanye. LaseChekhov, ukukhumbula esengumntwana, wabhala ku-Alexander, nomfowabo omdala ngo-1883 ukuthi ebuntwaneni wadliswa ushevu ezishaqisayo abangase babhekane nazo. despotism Umkhaya nesijeziso ithuthukiswe laseChekhov ukwenqaba ubudlova nokungabi nabulungisa, isifiso sokuthola inkululeko yokuzibusa, nemizwa ukuzethemba.

Independence empilweni

Futhi lokusungula, nokuphila laseChekhov bokuqala uzibuse. Ngo umndeni wakhe, izingane zakhe zisheshe uzibuse. Amadodana wasiza ukuhweba, kusukela zisencane ukusebenza esitolo. Anton Pavlovich ngakho kusukela esemncane lalikhungethwe indawo yasendlini; wayegeza efulethini, waya emakethe, eyenziwa amanzi, wahlamba collar isimo, egcwele amalambu kaphalafini.

Kodwa ekuphileni kwakhe kwakukhona enye into: ukusebenza yasekhaya futhi skits ukuthi laseChekhov yena yasungulwa alibethe nabafowabo, ukudoba. Umndeni waqala ukwenza umama elikhanyayo, ngubani yayihlakaniphile, ngobuqotho kanye nowesifazane onomusa.

Izwe bemvelo empilweni nasemsebenzini laseChekhov

Kusukela ebuntwaneni, u-Anton Pavlovich walithanda izwe zemvelo, ushiye uphawu ngokujulile umphefumulo wakhe, ukuvusa ukoma ukuphila. Futhi umsebenzi laseChekhov libonise lokhu. Ngo izindaba zakhe sihlangane incazelo asemaqeleni, eTaganrog Bay ( "asemaqeleni", "On Christmas Ebusuku" nabanye.). Kakhulu sikuqaphela ngokugcwele uxhumano nobunjalo umbhali kukho konke ukuphila futhi kuboniswe umsebenzi usithonye elikhulu ekuphileni komuntu. Ngemisebenzi laseChekhov sika bemvelo humanized: izilwane, izimbali, izihlahla, icabangani futhi izizwa kanjani njengoba abantu ( "Ningesabi", "White-fronted", "Kashtanka," "Agatha").

Ezemfundo esikoleni

Umfowabo omdala uye wakwazi ukubamba isikhathi lapho lo mkhaya ephephile: ikhaya ngokuvakashela uthisha waseFrance, okwathi ngemva kwalokho salandelwa Mme. Ukuze uNicholas, umfowabo umbhali esizayo, wamenywa njengoba uthisha umculo.

Lapho u-Anton ekhula, umndeni isimo sezimali iye yaqhubeka iwohloka, ngakho wakwazi ukuthola imfundo ephezulu esikoleni kuphela. isithakazelo Special ekutadisheni lolimi zesikole laseChekhov, Nokho, akazange abangele. Lesi sikhungo babevamile ngaleso sikhathi. On ke ungenza umqondo ucishe olunembile indaba laseChekhov okufushane onesihloko esithi "Umuntu in a Case".

Lapho efunda esikoleni esiphakeme isayensi esiqhutshwa kahle, kwadingeka isibonakude, amadivaysi yakamuva emahhovisi. Anton ngesikhathi izifundo boMthetho kaNkulunkulu waba umfundi oluthandayo Pokrovskogo Fedora Platonovicha. Kwakuyisenzo esasibonisa, umuntu ezithakazelisayo engavamile owaphawula ekuseni Ngokuzayo umbhali yamahlaya ithalente wamnika isidlaliso Chekhonte okwakukhona kamuva laseChekhov mbumbulu. Ngaleyo ndlela, yena waba nendima ekuphileni kwakhe. Futhi umsebenzi laseChekhov wathatha ijamo ngaphandle ukubandakanywa lokhu ubuntu ezithakazelisayo. Nokho, wanqoba kule umoya esikoleni, ikakhulukazi libhekene icala futhi bureaucratism. On ukwakheka ezingokomoya yomlobi esizayo kakhulu bathonywa izincwadi kanye yaseshashalazini. It bezazisa uthando kwesikhathi idrama: eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-13, umlobi esizayo kwakuyinqubo okwase kuyiminyaka umbuso isivakashi njalo kuya eTaganrog yaseshashalazini.

Ukuze lesi sikhathi imizamo yakhe yokuqala tetemibhalo, manje yaziwa nguwe kuphela amagama zidalwe ngenkathi laseChekhov eyakhe futhi. Life kanye nobuciko, ngamafuphi, lokhu isikhathi imakwe abanye izenzakalo ezibalulekile. amaqiniso ayisisekelo oluchaza siyishiyele, ngokuqondene nanoma lokusungula, uqaphele okulandelayo. Njengoba wesikole, wanyathelisa umagazini "Bunny", wabhala ahlekisayo "Shono inkukhu ukucula" futhi "Kutholakale idayimane cut," kanye idrama ethi "Engenababa".

Busting laseChekhov umndeni

Ngo-1876, ubaba, u-Anton Pavlovich waya yimali, waphoqeleka nomkhaya wakhe ukuya eMoscow. Anton wasala yedwa eTaganrog eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-16, njengoba kwase kuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme. Waqala uthole akunika izifundo ngasese, wadingiswa ngisho Imali ethunyelwe umndeni. Naleyo minyaka enzima, impilo egcwele yesizungu, nezilingo nobunzima, waba negalelo elikhulu nokuvuthwa ekuseni yalotshwa umlobi like laseChekhov. Life and nomsebenzi (kuchazwe kafushane) isikhathi kuphawulwa imicimbi elandelayo eziyisisekelo.

LaseChekhov - umfundi eMoscow State University

Bephumelele luhlolo kokugcina ngo-1879, laseChekhov waya eMoscow. Lapha yena waba libhaliswe eMoscow University sokuzikhethela, imithi. Kusukela Yiqiniso lokuqala laseChekhov baqala ukusebenza omagazini ehlukahlukene, iphrintwe. Ukuze imikhaya cishe komthombo ngezimali baba nomholo wakhe etemibhalo. LaseChekhov waba inhloko yomkhaya futhi wayo.

Imisebenzi yokuqala eshicilelwe

Okokuqala eshicilelwe imisebenzi yakhe (inkulumo yokulingisa) waphuma e umagazini "Dragonfly". AmaCzech namaRomany ngokukhetha indlela tetemibhalo, iphrintwe kokubili izinhlobo yamahlaya futhi sina. Nokho, umsebenzi ekuseni ubuswa wangaphambili. Ngaphansi pseudonyms ehlukahlukene (uMfoweth womfowethu Indoda Ngaphandle ubende, Antosha Chehonte) it is inyatheliswe omagazini yamahlaya "Izindengezi," "Dragonfly", "I-alamu", "isibukeli". I izinhlobo eziyinhloko lapho kwakukhona cindezela ezihlekisayo we sikhathi, kwakunabamemezeli abasha "izinto kancane" ezahlukene adalwa canons ezithile: .. aphorisms ezihlekisayo, amakhalenda yamahlaya, amazwibela, ezilula, izichazamazwi, isikhangiso yamahlaya, iziqondiso, njll ngokushesha laseChekhov yabo balufunda futhi wayenomuzwa wokuthi eduze kwabo.

izindaba satirical futhi ezihlekisayo

Eminyakeni 1882-1883 kwakukhona izindaba ezifana "Ukufa esemthethweni," "Ukuqina nasebubini", "Ndodakazi ka Albion." Nakuba eziningi imisebenzi zalotshelwa ngesimo imidwebo, okungukuthi indzaba lemfisha yamahlaya, okuhlekisayo okuyinto ukudlulisa izingcingo namaqhawe. AmaCzech namaRomany ephakanyiswe uhlobo ezingeni kwezincwadi sina. Phakathi izici bokubeka izigcawu laseChekhov sika yilezi ezilandelayo: igama elula, ubuncane izincazelo kanye izincazelo ( "Burbot", "isivakashi", "Usizo", "Esikhathini okugeza"), ethi amagama (Porcupine umlingisi, Jikelele Zapupyrin mqaphi Ochumelov, Khriukin master) funny olukhulunywa izinhlamvu ulimi.

Ithoni entsha ngemisebenzi laseChekhov

Imicu kamuva imisebenzi sezivele zikhona ngowokuqala izindaba laseChekhov sika: kumbhali ihleke engenangqondo ukuziphatha nokucabanga abantu, izimangalo zabo zingenalutho. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imisebenzi Ukubukeka entsha. It evelele ngemisebenzi amahlaya namanje, kodwa yena uthola ezinye shades entsha, umsindo entsha - elidabukisayo, lyrical. It kungabonakala kusukela ukunyakaza usulu ukuhlaziya, futhi phezu abalingiswa funny - a eziphikisanayo, nzima. Esikhundleni izithombe imaski ngabanye izinhlamvu. Esikhathini izindaba ezihlobene inkathi eyiminyaka engu-1883-1886 ( "ubuciko", "Commotion", "Tosca", "Huntsman"), ingabe ikusasa ebonakalayo kakade laseChekhov.

Ukwenza indaba laseChekhov sika

Eqhubeka ukuphila nomsebenzi laseChekhov. Isifinyezo kubo esikhathini kusuka 1884 kuya 1888 inganikelwa kanje. Ngo-1884, ngemuva kokuqeda izifundo enyuvesi, laseChekhov isebenza Zvenigorod, Voskresensk. Uphinde umlobeli othile wephephandaba e-Moscow, "izingcezwana". Esikhathini kusuka 1884 kuya 1888 ukuthi wenza imisebenzi eminingi - ezingaphezu kuka-350. indaba laseChekhov sika ngalesi sikhathi senziwa njengoba original futhi lo mkhuba omusha kwezincwadi Russian. LaseChekhov kule uhlobo encane ephethwe ukuze anakekele okuqukethwe omkhulu ngokwengqondo, ezenhlalo nefilosofi. Ngokumangalisayo capacious ke leli fomu.

I zezimbali ithalente Anton laseChekhov uhlobo of indaba

Ngu kwesikhathi 1880-1890-yalolucwaningo uhlobo uhlamvu kunqunywa yokugcina (Ngokwesilinganiso, abavamile, ngokuvamile abantu "omncane"). Isithombe into iba zezwe, ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Lesi sikhathi kubhekwa sokuthuthwa kwempahla ithalente laseChekhov sika. Ukudala Amaqoqo amasha. Ngo-1886 - "Izindaba Motley" ngo-1887 - "inkulumo Innocent" futhi "Lapho sekuhwalele", ngo-1888 - "Izindaba" e-1890 - ". Abantu belusizi" Umlobi Pushkin Prize waklonyeliswa ngokuba incwadi ebizwa ngokuthi "The ukuhwalala". Ekwindla ka-1887 wabhala comedy "Ivanov", bese - vaudeville "weJubili", "Wedding", "I Proposal" futhi "The Bear", ngubani zafakwa yeshashalazi okhokhelwayo.

LaseChekhov uthunyelwa esiqhingini sase-Sakhalin

Ukuvakashela Sakhalin ushintshe impilo kanye nomsebenzi laseChekhov. Chaza kafushane izenzakalo eyinhloko isikhathi. Kulesi siqhingi, laseChekhov wahamba waya eduze yiziboshwa. Lapha wenza izinyanga ezintathu yokubala abantu kuphela, exoxa nabantu ezahlukene. LaseChekhov, njengesakhamuzi nomculi, uye wanquma ukubonisa abantu iqiniso elibuhlungu. Umphumela walolu hambo - eshicilelwe ngo-1894 incwadi ethi "The Island Sakhalin".

Imisebenzi abhalwe 90s

Ngemva kwalokho, ukuba asho into engokoqobo yasekhaya waphathwa ngaphezulu ngokhahlo. Ukubalwa kokuqala kwenziwa imisebenzi emikhulu yabhalwa ngemva kohambo baba indaba ngokuthi "Duel" (eyanyatheliswa ngo-1891), kanye "Chamber №6" - indaba, esanyatheliswa kuyi 1892.

AmaCzech namaRomany kule minyaka 90 ubhala okuyize, ukukhohlisa, ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zokuphila ( "ivayolini Rothschild sika", "intethe," "Mfundisi ka nezincwadi zokufunda"). Ngalesi sikhathi, njengoba lezi izindaba badalwa "About Love", "Gooseberries," "Indoda endaweni Case", "Ionich".

Entwasahlobo ka-1892 umbhali bazinza Melikhovo izindlu eduze eMoscow, bazibandakanya emsebenzini owodwa owenziwe yesihle kwezenhlalo, ubaphatha abalimi, izikole isakhiwo, isikhungo sezokwelapha. It sishintsha ukuphila kwakhe. LaseChekhov, ukuphila, ukuthi imisebenzi kabani oxhumene, ukudala ngesisekelo isipiliyoni lusebenza "Esikhathini Ravine", "New Villa", "on inqola", "Guys".

Wemidlalo Antona Pavlovicha Chehova

Ucezu lokuqala, elaqala dramaturgy Chekhovian - kungcono "We-seagull." Kwakuthinta kwango enkundleni yemidlalo yase-Alexandria ngo-1896. Nokho, umbono akuphumelelanga. Isizathu - ongaqondwa abaningi emisha laseChekhov sika. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-2 ekukhiqizeni YaseMoscow Art Theatre, yena kubange furor. Ngemva "We-seagull," kwafika play "uMalume Vanya" (1899), futhi wadlala ibe yimpumelelo enkulu. Ngemisebenzi kamuva ( "Odade abathathu" nesithi "Cherry Orchard" - iminyaka 1901 futhi ngo-1903, ngokulandelana) ehlanganiswe kakade ngokugcwele izimiso yombhali okukhulu.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ngo-1897, laseChekhov waphoqeleka ukuya emtholampilo we-TB, bese ebusika 1897-1898 e Nice. Ngesikhathi ukuphikelela odokotela wangena Septhemba 1898 e Yalta, lapho afike achitha khona ebusika. Eminyakeni yamuva, umbhali elungisa imisebenzi eqoqwe, okuyinto, izinguqulo ezimbili (1899-1902 th futhi 1903 sika.) Uvele ukuphrinta.

Ngo-1901, umlobi ngishade Olga Knipper Leonardovna umdlali waseshashalazini.

Kancane kancane, impilo yakhe yawohloka, odokotela waphikelela ngokuthi ekuthumeleni eJalimane e Badenweiler. Lokhu umbhali waya nomkakhe. 2 (15) ngoJulayi 1904 kwaba usuku lokugcina lokuphila kwakhe.

Futhi umsebenzi laseChekhov, nemisebenzi yakhe yasobala, futhi amaqiniso ahlukahlukene kusuka Umlandvomphilo zisibonisa ukuthi wayeyindoda kwezifiso ngokomoya futhi izindinganiso zokuziphatha. Ngenxa njengalokho angaphumelela, izwe lethu uthola kancane kangcono. IZIKRONIKE impilo kanye nomsebenzi laseChekhov iye okwethulwa kulesi sihloko. Siyojabula uma utshelwa ukuba ufuna ukuqhubeka ajwayelane omlobi emangalisayo. Impilo kanye nomsebenzi laseChekhov, yomlando wakhe kuyafundisa kakhulu futhi ezithakazelisayo. Kulesi sihloko, ngeshwa, yonke imininingwane kungenzeki ukutshela.