Umlando kokudaliweyo play "Ukuduma" NA Ostrovsky

iminyaka 50-60 of XIX leminyaka - isikhathi kunalokho nzima lonke elaseRussia. It kwaphawulwa kwanda ezibanzi zomphakathi esenzeka ngokuqondene ukuvela entsha amabutho pro-intando yeningi kanye nokubhekelelwa kwezidingo serfdom. Ngenxa yalokhu, akuveza ukhuluma ngani kuwukuphikisana ekhona phakathi izizukulwane futhi isimo abesifazane Russian ngendlela zengqondo wezinzalamizi namanje owandile kakhulu zaleli zwe.

Esimweni olunzima kangaka, kwalotshwa, bese yafakwa esigabeni, futhi ishicilelwe ngempela amadlingozi leyo minyaka umkhiqizo Ostrovsky.

Kwezikhathi umsebenzi idrama

Imibuzo eminingi ngumlando ukudalwa play "Ukuduma". Kafushane ke kungenziwa bachazwa futhi ngalendlela.

Ostrovsky, cishe, uqalile umsebenzi umkhiqizo ngoJulayi 1859 (noma kunjalo, hhayi ngasekupheleni kwale nyanga), futhi ekuqaleni kuka-October, wathumela umbhalo esilungele ukunyatheliswa. Lokhu kufakazela ukuthi umyalo wesandla wokuqala namanje agcinwe Russian State Library. Ngemva kwenyanga, play wenziwa agqoke Petersburg esiteji: Novemba 16, yacala ngesikhathi Maly Theatre, 2 Disemba - e-Aleksandriya. Ngonyaka olandelayo yanyatheliswa "Library Sokufunda" (e №1), kamuva yabizwa ngokuthi i incwadi.

Basabela kanjani izingqondo okuqhubekayo ukubukeka play

idrama okusha kwaba kakade adumile "Columbus Zamoskvorechye" kwamhlangabeza nesiphepho lwempendulo namazwana, zombili zibe phozithivu (isib, kokuhlaziywa N.Dobrolyubova, I.Goncharova, P.Pletneva) futhi wahlulela abanye (UTolstoy, A. Fet). Ambiguously beqonda ingane entsha Ostrovsky neyaziwayo ngenkathi D.Pisarev umhlaziyi, weza kulesi sici ku eziningi izinkinga impikiswano Dobrolyubov. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, "The Storm" phakade phakathi kudlala best of wemidlalo. Kodwa umvuzo wangempela surely ube big Uvarov Award eyethulwe ababhali ngoba imisebenzi emikhulu ngempela ezibhaliwe esigabeni kuphela.

Indaba nezinhlamvu

Umlando kokudaliweyo play "Ukuduma" kungenxa yokungabikho isenzo drama ukuthi iqala idolobha elincane elinabamemezeli igama elihle Kalinov, esisogwini loMfula iVolga. Lapho behlangana, isimo lapho ibonakala ngempela egculisayo: ezinhle landscape, enikeza umuzwa ukuthula nokuzola. Omunye imishwana kuqala ukuthi izilaleli akuzwayo isakhamuzi: "Ubuhle" Kodwa njengoba ukuhlola isimo abalingiswa kanye emkhathini jikelele ushintsho. Wemidlalo ngobuciko udalula sisakubona umphakathi, ophilayo ngoba imithetho eminyaka Domostroi. Ngakho, mhlawumbe, igama lomuzi - Kalinov, babevela temdzabu Russian. Liluphawu ixazululwe, kulungile, "fabulous" emhlabeni, lapho kunzima ukuyeka.

Futhi phakathi "okubi" futhi anamandla yomuntu livela, abanquma ukuba zikhulume uhulumeni wabo - Katerina. isiphetho Heroine esiyinhlekelele, ngoba namanje akusho ukuthola abantu abanazo noma abavikeli (owawumelelwe, isibonelo, umlisa ofanayo), iyakwazi ukusekela yona le ngxabano ekuqaleni. Le nsizwa, lapho ebona injabulo yakhe esizayo futhi impilo engcono, ngobugwala kakhulu, engaboni ngempela uCatherine. Ngesikhathi lapho yabhubhisa zonke izimiso zokuziphatha, kunzima ukuthola abenzi bokubi sokufa sentombazane.

Impikiswano phezu umsuka indaba

Izitatimende mayelana prototypes futhi indaba esekelwe imisebenzi ephikisana kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, Kostroma umlando okudala "The Storm" idlala ngqo wayehlobene yamuva izigameko edabukisayo emzini wabo. Eminye imininingwane bakutshengise ukuthi prototype Catherine wayesengaba ajwayelekile umbhali L.P.Kositskaya. Abantu ababeka zazibazi mathupha wemidlalo, wayekholelwa ukuthi ukubonakala "The Storm" - umphumela Ostrovsky ahambe iVolga.

Kungokufanayo zazibangelwa uma bahlulela amacala anjengalawa?

Inhlekelele ye umndeni Canine

Ngokusho inguqulo yokuqala, umlando "The Storm" izingcezu ezihambisana nalesi sigameko emzini Kostroma. Ekuqaleni Novemba 1859 wanyamalala omunye izakhamuzi zedolobha Aleksandra Klykova, owayeneminyaka engu-19 kuphela ubudala. Kamuva isidumbu sakhe satholakala ku amanzi iVolga, futhi leli qiniso ujabule icala lobugebengu. Kubhekwe izinguqulo ezimbili: ukuzibulala noma ukubulala kanye umzamo ukufihla ubugebengu. Uphenyo luveze ukuthi intombazane wayeshadile muva nje, futhi wawa emkhayeni yomthengisi, owawengame esindayo ngilambatha ngokuphelele futhi akekho okholwa-mthetho. Wakhulela endaweni ezahlukene, u-Alexander ayikwazanga bakwemukele Isiphelo sakhe futhi izinze emndenini omusha. Akazange uthole ukusekelwa umyeni wakhe - okuthulile, lalelani, emhlabeni umama bakhiphe elezinga eliphansi. Zonke lezi imininingwane ukubona kalula kule drama. Yingakho ngemva incwadi uvele Kostroma bendawo bephikelela wakhuluma iqiniso lokuthi ukudalwa "The Storm" idlala kuhlobane ngokuqondile ekuphileni we Canine umndeni. Nakuba kwathi kamuva ukuthi umkhiqizo okuye kwabhalwa ngenyanga ngaphambi le nhlekelele, lo umlingisi odlala enkundleni bendawo isikhathi eside ukulungisa nje ngaphansi eziyisikhombisa Canine. A indawo osebeni iVolga, okuyindawo kusolakala wagxuma emanzini Caterina Alexander kukhona phakathi ezikhangayo zendawo.

Leso sichotho sashiya kukhalwa - kuba idrama siqu Ostrovsky?

Enye inguqulo mayelana prototype umlingiswa oyinhloko, lihlotshaniswa uphawu umbhalo wemidlalo sika. Okulandelayo noCatherine Monologue, lapho utshela Varenka echaze iphupho, uthi: "ngizwile LP mayelana iphupho elifanayo ... "Ukuze LP ekufihleni actress abadumile L.P.Kositskaya, okuyinto nge Ostrovsky, cishe, babenobuhlobo bomuntu. Laba bobabili - abantu umndeni bephoqelekile ngakho ukufihla uthando lwabo. Abacwaningi ukuchaza ukudalwa play "Ukuduma" Ostrovsky nekwehlwaya lokhu kukhululwa, ubheke yokuthi okokuqala indima umlingiswa oyinhloko udlalwa Kositsky. A wemidlalo ayaziwa Ngikhetha ukukhetha abadlali ukuze ukusebenza emisebenzini yakhe siqu ngesikhathi Maly Theatre.

A uhambo eduze iVolga

Ekugcineni, inguqulo lwesithathu futhi okungenzeka nakakhulu - indaba "The Storm" izingcezu elihlobene ne-uhambo nombhali komfula omkhulu Russian.

Ngo zasehlobo, iminyaka 1856-57 Ostrowski nengxenye uhambo Russian Umphakathi Geographical phezu iVolga. Yena sivakashele izindawo zasemakhaya eziningi esisogwini lomfula, wahlangana waba nengxoxo eside nezakhamuzi, ukufunda ngendlela ekhethekile ezimpilweni zabo. Ostrovsky siye sabona izigcawu eziningi zenzeka e imikhaya futhi edolobheni lilonke. Wayefuna ngisho nasemininingwaneni emincane, yena kamuva ihlaziye e indzabambhalo "Journey eduze iVolga."

Echoes lezi kokuma zingatholakala kule drama: ulimi lokuphila labantu, endaweni yesehlakalo ejwayelekile yokuxhumana phakathi kwabantu (okuyinto ngenhlanhla kaningi zizalwa zingazange kuhlobane ngokuqondile icebo, kodwa kahle agcwele umoya jikelele lomuzi), kahle futhi aboniswa futhi amaqembu ahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ukuphila. Konke lokhu kufakazela ukuthi umlando play "Ukuduma" Ostrovsky avela imibono yakhe siqu futhi uzama ukuthola ukuthi abantu Russian ophilayo, okuyinto ebambezela ukuthuthukiswa yonke oda yomphakathi Russian.

Wemidlalo-phrofethi?

Ngakho, le nhlekelele esenzeka Kostroma ekwindla ka-1859, kwaba sikulindele Ostrowski, owayemazi ngokuseduze ikakhulukazi impilo abathengisi Russian phakathi kwekhulu XIX. Lena isimo esingokoqobo ukuthi kungenzeka kunoma yisiphi umkhaya owawuhlala indawo enkulu isimo Russian. Wemidlalo ngempumelelo okubonisa okwamanje lapho amabutho ubudala namanje abambelele aphumayo futhi bazama ngazo zonke izindlela ukuze alondoloze amandla abo, futhi entsha, nje abasafufusa, angena kuwumqansa, umphumela okuzokwenza ukunquma isiphetho Russia. Ngenxa yalokhu akubalulekile kangako, lokho ehlangene umlando ukudalwa play "Ukuduma". Into esemqoka ukuthi lokhu kungaba isiqalo ushintsho oluqhubekayo kuyo yonke impilo yezwe.