Umlando kokudaliweyo "Eugene Onegin", umkhiqizo ukuhlaziywa

Umlando kokudaliweyo "Eugene Onegin" - "isithelo engqondweni nasenhliziyweni yomuntu abandayo abagcina isaziso edabukisayo" - ovelele Russian zakudala Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym akubukeki sengathi blitzkrieg. Umsebenzi wobuciko wadala imbongi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, wabhala ukuvela yayo endleleni okwangempela. A inoveli evesini njengoba umcimbi ubuciko iyisici esiyingqayizivele. Ngaphambi kwalokho, izincwadi emhlabeni ayebhalwe uhlobo olufanayo, Analogue eyodwa kuphela - umsebenzi Izikhathi zokubonisana uthando njengendoda George Gordon Byron sika "uDon Juan".

Umbhali isinqumo ukuqhamuka

Pushkin waqhubeka eyiNgisi omkhulu - okwangempela. Ngalesi sikhathi, imbongi osethe umgomo - ukukhombisa umuntu ukuthi singasebenza njengesisekelo esiqinile sokufinyelela kulethe ukuqhubeka Russia. Alexander, ukwabelana imibono ye Decembrists, waqaphela ukuthi izwe elikhulu kufanele kusishukumisele njengomuntu esitimela, ngale ndlela efile ekupheleni ezaholela wonke umphakathi ukuze bayosingatha izimo eziphuthumayo letindzala.

Umlando kokudaliweyo "Eugene Onegin" kuchazwa titanic umsebenzi olusankondlo esikhathini kusuka Meyi 1823 kuya ku-September 1830 lo reinterpretation okudala ngokoqobo Russian ikota yokuqala yekhulu XIX. Le noveli evesini okwenzeka kulo lonke izigaba ezine lokusungula Alexander Pushkin: eningizimu izixhumanisi (. 1820 - 1824 GG), Ukuba "non-autocratic kokushiya izindlu Mikhailovskoye" (1824 - 1826 GG.), Isikhathi ngemva isixhumanisi -, (1826 1830 GG.) boldins (1830)

NJENGOBA Pushkin sika "Eugene Onegin": umlando ekudalweni

Young Pushkin, owaphothula le Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, emazwini uMbusi u-Alexander I, «Russia ivele igcwale izinkondlo embi", waqala ngokubhala inoveli yakhe ngenkathi ehlala abathunjwe Chisinau (sibonga lokulabhela abangane kokukhipha eSiberia iye kugwenywe). Ngalesi sikhathi wayengumuntu isithombe Russian intsha abafundile.

Ngakho-ke, ngilwela ukudala umfanekiso hero isikhathi sakhe. Encwadini yakhe ethi, yena kabuhlungu ukufuna impendulo yombuzo yini okufanele esiphathiswa imibono emisha, umdali Russia entsha.

I izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho isimo kuleli zwe

Cabanga isimo senhlalo lapho inoveli yadalwa. Russia iwine empini 1812. Lokhu kwawuqhubekisela elisemqoka kuya isifiso zomphakathi ukukhululwa ngezibopho amakhosi asendulo. Okokuqala abantu belangazelela ukuqedwa serfdom. Siwukukhululwa wakhe nakanjani bangakwazi imincele kwamandla ekuhlaleni kwenkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi. Kwakheka ngokushesha nje ngemva kwempi, umphakathi onogada amaphoyisa 1816 Petersburg bakha Decembrist "Union of Uyinsindiso." ihlelwe yi- "Union of Welfare" e 1818 eMoscow. Decembrists, lezi zinhlangano ziye ngenkuthalo nomthelela ekwakhekeni umbono womphakathi nesandla esivulekile, futhi walinda isikhathi esifanele umbuso. Phakathi Decembrists zazingcono kakhulu abangane Pushkin sika. Waxoxela imibono yabo.

ERussia kwase kakade abe neyaziwayo izwe laseYurophu elinabantu abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-40 zingakapheli ke avuthwa amahlumela isimo capitalism. Nokho, ukuphila kwayo kwezomnotho namanje kunqunywa iziqalo of feudalism, landowning ahlukile futhi ekilasini umthengisi. La maqembu kwezenhlalo, kancane kancane ukuncipha yomphakathi, zazisekhona enamandla futhi wasebenzisa ukuthonya ukuphila isimo, uhlehlise ubudlelwane izinduna ezweni. Kwakumelwe Champions of umphakathi eyakhelwe akusebenzi izimiso Catherine yizicukuthwane esivela Russia XVIII leminyaka.

Kwakukhona izici sici kwezenhlalo kanye obumbi bomnotho wawo wonke umphakathi. Izwe inabantu abaningi abafundile abaziqondayo ukuthi izithakazelo ukuthuthukiswa zidinga izinguquko ezinkulu futhi kabusha. Umlando kokudaliweyo "Eugene Onegin" saqala enyanya siqu ezizungezile imbongi, emazwini Aleksandra Nikolaevicha Ostrovskogo, "umbuso omnyama"

Yikuphi rose emva ukusheshisa eqinile unikezwa ngu-Peter mina, futhi dynamism phakathi nokubusa Umbusikazi uCatherine II, eRussia ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX ehlile ijubane ukuthuthukiswa. Ngesikhathi sokushicilela, inoveli Pushkin odumile kuleli zwe Kwakungakabi ojantshi, ngisho nemifula yalo musa ukuntanta imikhumbi, izinkulungwane zabantu kwaso ngenkuthalo futhi abanamakhono zaziboshwa izandla nezinyawo izibopho serfdom.

Umlando "Evgeniya Onegina" kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa umlando eRussia ekuqaleni kwawo-XIX leminyaka.

esigaba Onegin

Ukunakekela okukhethekile Alexander, "Mozart Russian zezinkondlo", bananela emshikashikeni wakhe siqu. Uye ithuthukiswe uchungechunge entsha ivesi ngqo ubhala inoveli evesini.

Ngakho-ke, amagama ephuma ngokushelela Njengomfula ogeleza akuyona mahhala, futhi ehlelekile. Njalo imigqa nane Iambic Tetrameter exhunywe ngokukhethekile Onegin vesi. Kulesi imvumelwano njalo kulo lonke inoveli, futhi simi ngale ndlela: CCddEffEgg (lapho bofeleba ukumela eziyimpumelelo njengabesifazane kanye ezincane - besilisa).

Ngokungangabazeki, umlando "Eugene Onegin" inoveli - indaba yokudalwa kwendawo Onegin esigaba. Kuyinto by obuhlukahlukene amavesi umbhali uyaphumelela emsebenzini wakhe ukudala i Analogue nephrozi izigaba kanye izahluko siziphonse phansi sisuka Thobelanani, ukushintsha isitayela isethulo imicabango ekuthuthukiseni ashukumisayo ngesakhiwo. Ngakho, umlobi kudala umbono ingxoxo ekhululekile nesifundi sakho.

Roman - "iqoqo izahluko Motley"

Yini eyenza abantu ukubhala imisebenzi yesizukulwane sakhe futhi ezweni lakubo? Kungani lapho zinikwa lo msebenzi ngokugcwele, abasebenza njengokungathi bangenwe umoya?

Umlando "Eugene Onegin" inoveli ekuqaleni subordinated kumbhali: ukudala inoveli evesini, eyakhiwa 9 izahluko ehlukile. ngemisebenzi Alexander Sergeyevich ochwepheshe bakubize ngokuthi "isikhathi evulekile" ngenxa yokuthi ngamunye ekhanda layo - ezimele, futhi ekufakeni ukuhlakanipha kwaso yangaphakathi ukuqedela umsebenzi, nakuba aqhubeka esahlukweni esilandelayo. Wakhe wesimanje - Russian izincwadi UProfesa Nikolay Ivanovich Nadezhdin - incazelo classical inikezwe "Evgeniya Onegina" hhayi njengelivi umkhiqizo nge isakhiwo ngendlela elukhuni okunengqondo, kodwa kunalokho, njengoba abanye notebook izinkondlo egcwele oqondile elikhanyayo enhlobonhlobo rainbow ithalente.

Mayelana izahluko kule noveli

Izahluko ka "Eugene Onegin" eshicilelwe kusuka 1825 kuya 1832. njengoba zazilotshwe futhi lwanyatheliswa ngo-anthologies etemibhalo nomagazini. Bona babelindile, ngamunye wabo uba umcimbi yangempela empilweni yamasiko eRussia.

Nokho, omunye wabo anikezelwe uhambo protagonist kuya isiphetho empi eduze Odessa pier equkethe ukwahlulela ezibucayi, umlobi ahlaza wakhetha ukuhoxisa ukuze ugweme ekujezisweni ngokumelene ngokwabo futhi ngalesosikhathi phephetha wesandla yayo kuphela.

Vele umsebenzi ayewunikwe ngokuphelele, kamuva wasebenza phezu kwakhe "Doctor Zhivago" Boris Leonidovich Pasternak, futhi wabhala yesizukulwane sakhe Mihail Aleksandrovich Sholohov. Pushkin uqobo wabiza kwakhe kweminyaka engaphezu kweyisikhombisa yomsebenzi kule noveli evesini feat.

protagonist

Incazelo Evgeniya Onegina, ngokuvumelana izincwadi, ukhumbuza umuntu Peter Yakovlevich Chaadaev - nombhali "Izincwadi Philosophical". Lena uhlamvu nge amandla onamandla, okuyinto lihlelwe emhlabeni esiqintini inoveli kanye nezinye izinhlamvu ubuyona. Pushkin akubhala ngaye njengoba "umngane omuhle." Eugene athola imfundo classical yezikhulu, ngokuphelele elingenalo "Russian-ness." Futhi nakuba ovutha abukhali, kodwa ingqondo abandayo, he is a ukukhanya indoda elandelayo imicabango yabantu abathile ubandlululo. Impilo ka-Evgeniya Onegina entulekayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuba alien imikhuba yezwe, yena ngqo ugxeke kubo; futhi ngakolunye - singaphansi nguwo. The hero akakwazi ngokuthi esebenzayo, kunalokho isibukeli uhlakaniphile.

Zibonisa umfanekiso Onegin

ngomfanekiso waKhe - ezibuhlungu. Okokuqala, akakwazanga ukuma siqinile uthando. Eugene walalela isizathu, kodwa hhayi enhliziyweni yakhe. Nokho, akazange ehloniphekayo, ngenhlonipho wabhekisela Tatiana, emnika ukuqonda ukuthi akakwazi ukuthandana.

Okwesibili, wahluleka ukuma siqinile ubungani. Duel umngane wakhe, umfana oneminyaka engu-18 ubudala romantic Lensky, yena athi zifa ulandela imiqondo yokukhanya. Ubonakala hhayi ukuba kumkhathaze ehloniphekile zloyazychie ubudala duelist inveterate Zaretsky kuka ayeke ukuxabana oyisiphukuphuku ngokuphelele uVladimir. By the way, izazi Pushkin, ososayensi bakholelwa abasha Kuchelbecker prototype ULena.

Tatiana Larina

Ukusetshenziswa kwegama Tatiana e Eugene Onegin inoveli kwaba kokuxazulula kusukela Pushkin. Ngempela, ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX, leli gama sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi inhlamba futhi alisasebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ebumnyameni asebegugile futhi sibomvu, ukucabangela, mnyewu, ke akaphenduli izwe lobuhle kwezifiso. Tatiana (njenge umbhali kule noveli) walithanda Folk yezinganekwane, okuyinto yena ngesandla esivulekile utshele umhlengikazi. Nokho, uthando nesithakazelo esikhethekile kuye wayefunda izincwadi.

izinhlamvu Le noveli sika

Ngaphandle leli cebo-okungenhla abalingiswa abasemqoka abazizwa ngayo umfundi kukhona yesibili. Lezi inoveli "Eugene Onegin" izithombe musa yakha icebo, kodwa umphelelisi ke. Lokhu Tatiana Udadewabo Olga, intokazi socialite ezingenalutho, elalisendlini uthando uVladimir Lensky. Umfanekiso umhlengikazi Tatiana, uchwepheshe we Folk yezinganekwane, ine-prototype sobala - umhlengikazi Alexander Sergeyevich, Arina Rodionovna. Enye iqhawe nameless noveli kuyinto ayesanda kuluthola Tatyanoy Larinoy emva wathifela nomyeni wakhe Evgeniem Oneginym - "ezinkulu-jikelele".

Singatha kulendawo uma ingeniswe ku Roman Pushkina eyomunye zabuna Russian. Lokhu Skotinin ( "Oaf" Fonvizin), kanye abaxokozeli ( "omakhelwane eyingozi" V L. Pushkina).

Folk

Udumo kakhulu Alexander Pushkin kwaba nokuhlolwa eyanikezwa esahlukweni sokuqala "Evgeniya Onegina" umuntu, okuyinto imbongi kubhekwa uthisha wakhe - Vasiliem Andreevichem Zhukovskim. Umbono kwaba laconic kakhulu: "Wena - ngabokuqala Russian Parnassus ..."

inoveli encyclopedic evesini zivezwe ngokoqobo Russian we ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX, luveza indlela yokuphila, nezinhlamvu, indima social yimikhakha ehlukehlukene yomphakathi: St-Petersburg umphakathi eliphezulu, izikhulu eMoscow, abanikazi bamazwe, bomhlaba kanye abalimi. Mhlawumbe kunjalo, kodwa futhi ngenxa ohlanganisiwe no mncane isibonisi Pushkin e yakhe umsebenzi, amagugu, amasiko, isimo sengqondo, izindlela sikhathi umhlaziyi etemibhalo Vissarion Belinsky wamnika incazelo enjalo olunzulu 'umsebenzi ethandwa kakhulu "futhi" I-Encyclopedia Russian of Life. "

Pushkin wayefuna ukushintsha ngesakhiwo

Umlando kokudaliweyo "Eugene Onegin" - kuyinto ukuvela imbongi abasha, othathe iminyaka 23 umsebenzi womhlaba wonke. Futhi uma temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba amahlumela ezinjalo wayesevele (khumbula incwadi ye-incognito eshicilelwe Aleksandra Radischeva "Uhambo kusuka Petersburg eMoscow"), i-okwangempela izinkondlo ngaleso sikhathi kwakuwukuthola emisha undoubted.

Isu lokugcina imisebenzi kwamiswa kuphela umlobi ngo-1830. Wayengumuntu kunemibhalo eyayihunyushwe kabi futhi gaya. Ukwenza bendabuko bazizwa okuqinile endalweni yakhe, u-Alexander zanquma ukubathumela noma Evgeniya Onegina ukulwa eCaucasus, noma ukuvala bayifaka Decembrists. Kodwa Eugene Onegin - hero noveli evesini - adalwe Pushkin kwelinye ugqozi, ngokuthi "iqoqo izahluko Motley", futhi lokhu charm yayo.

isiphetho

"Eugene Onegin" iwumphumela ngowokuqala emlandweni Russian inoveli namaqiniso evesini. Kuyinto mlando ngekhulu XIX. Le noveli ubelokhu eqashelwa emmangweni njengetakhamuti ogxile ethandwa. incazelo encyclopedic yasendlini Russian eduze therein nobuciko okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Nokho, ngokuvumelana baxgeki, umlingiswa oyinhloko yale noveli namanje akuyona Onegin, futhi umlobi umsebenzi. Lokhu uhlamvu ayinakho ukuma eziqondile. Lolu hlobo indawo impumputhe umfundi.

Alexander usebenza Amacebo yombhalo isixhumanisi, ethi "ilimaza North", njll Pushkin ukhona ngokungabonakali kuyo yonke imisebenzi, ifingqa insini umfundi, aphilisa indaba. izingcaphuno zakhe ukushaya nail ekhanda.

Ukudalelwa wakhipha isinqumo sokuthi u-Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin ibuyekezwa uhlelo lwesibili egcwele inoveli yakhe evesini ngo-1937 (i-okokuqala ngo-1833), kakade elambulala kwi Black River eduze engadini Usigaxamabhande sika. Ukusakazwa 5000 amakhophi kuhlelwe ukuthengisa unyaka wonke. Nokho, abafundi baye walithenga ngeviki. Esikhathini zabuna ikusasa izincwadi Russian, omunye isikhathi sakhe, baqhubeka yokusesha okudala Alexander. Bonke babezama ukudala iqhawe ngesikhathi sakhe. Futhi Mikhail Lermontov esithombeni Grigoriya Aleksandrovicha Pechorina ( "Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu"), no-Ivan Goncharov esithombeni Ili Oblomova ...