Umdlavuza webele esiteji 4: incazelo, izimbangela, izimpawu, ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa izici

Umdlavuza webele isifo esiyingozi kakhulu. Wamabele umdlavuza esiteji 4 libhekene yokuthi metastases kuyagcinwa hhayi kuphela endaweni lapho kwakukhona khona isimila, kodwa futhi izitho engumakhelwane. Onalesi sifo yalesi sifo okungekuhle, amathuba yokuthi ogulayo uphelelwa ukululama ngokugcwele zimbalwa futhi ziyantula. Metastases ngokuvamile sithinta amathambo, emaphashini, isibindi.

Ukuze andise isilinganiso sobude bokuphila umdlavuza esikhathini ngasekupheleni, kubalulekile ukuzelapha ngezindlela ezahlukene yokwelapha abantu abanomdlavuza.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi wena basengozini?

Ngezinga elithile abesifazane, kukhona ithuba anda ekuthuthukiseni izifo webele Oncology. Lokhu izifo abesifazane beyizidlova abanale izinguquko ukuvuvukala kule kwesibeletho futhi ezikhiqiza amaqanda. ingozi yezifo in iziguli isifo sesibindi futhi isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi. Izejwayezi ezimbi futhi kungathinta isimo webele.

Abesifazane izihlobo zabo eduze mathupha ebhekene unomdlavuza webele, kufanele uqaphele ikakhulukazi. Akumelwe sikhohlwe ukuthi webele yisimo precancerous, ngakho-ke kufanele sithathwe ngokushesha.

Ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo kumelwe baqaphe?

Wazi kanjani ukuthi unaso umdlavuza webele (isigaba 4)? Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise:

• Ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka, imnyama.
• nobuhlungu obukhulu ithambo endaweni. Kulokhu ukungakhululeki iqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kancane kancane.
• Imbangela isicanucanu.
• Izinguquko in isisindo (okukhulu kwesisindo).
• Ukungakhululeki ku hypochondrium.
• Ukuvela ukukhwehlela eqinile.
• Livela migraine.

Kanjani ukuqaphela zokugula ka ukuvela?

Owesifazane angase uqaphela izimpawu ezilandelayo enqabayo lesi sifo:

1. Izingono ukushintsha umbala uthathe indlela ehlukile.
2. Sebele edema zenzeka.
3. Ungakhetha ukuthola isimila endaweni webele.

sitholakele isifo

webele umdlavuza esiteji 4 - lena amafomu eziphambili kakhulu lesi sifo. Ukuze sifinyelele isimo esinjalo, izinyathelo zokuvimbela kufanele njalo kwenziwe. Okubalulekile isilinganiso zokuvimbela wenza njalo self-webele: kufanele kwenziwe ngosuku 5-11 th of umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini.

Ulwazi olunembile ngesimo sempilo yabo ingatholakala mammography. Le ndlela zokuxilonga lunembile kakhulu nengebuhlungu.

Ukuze wenze i-ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe, kubalulekile ukuqhuba-X-ray, i-MRI, CT scan, ithambo scan. Ngo Oncological webele isifo, webele biopsy wenziwa kanye nesineke uthunyelwa i-ukuhlolwa igazi. Uma metastases zithonywa isibindi noma amaphaphu, kubalulekile ukwenza biopsy kwazo lezi zitho.

Sebenzisa uphinde Ductography: le ndlela ukuthola zokugula ukuthi Amapayipi ubisi wethula into ekhethekile ne umehluko.

Abesifazane abangazange eba neminyaka engu-40, Kunconywa ultrasound ukuhlola nezindlala mammary. Ukuthembeka indlela Kuhlolisisa langema-70. Uma uchwepheshe esolwa engaphelele inqubo nentuthuko endaweni esifubeni, ke inikeza ukuhlaziywa imfihlo, ukhululeka ingono.

sokusinda Izibikezelo

ukuphila sowesifazane kushintsha kakhulu uma ufake uphethwe "umdlavuza webele esiteji 4". Izinga sokusinda eminyakeni yamuva kuye kwanda kancane, ngenxa yokuthi bathi kule minyaka yamuva abekho embonini yokwenziwa kwemithi ukhiqiza eziningi izidakamizwa izinga kanjani lesi sifo, zikhona izindlela ezintsha zokuthola izinsuku ekwelapheni lesi sifo. Ngenxa yalesi sithombe baba kamnandi ngaphezulu: iminyaka engu-20 edlule, abesifazane abaphethwe leli fomu lesi sifo, akazange aphile isikhathi eside ngonyaka.

Nokho, ngokudabukisayo, kubalulekile ngaphambili ukulungiselela babi: iningi leziguli ufe kungakapheli izinyanga eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili kusukela ngosuku uphethwe. Bangaki siphila unomdlavuza webele esiteji 4? Iphinde kuncike ikhono umzimba ukuze simelane nezinkinga kungenzeka.

Ngokuvamile imbangela yokufa akulona isimila uqobo nezinkinga kudala. abesifazane abaningi bafa kusukela evamile nezifo zokuphefumula njengoba umzimba yomdlavuza webele wavuma umelana yinoma iziphi izifo: wobulili fair kunciphisa kakhulu amasosha omzimba.

10% kuphela eziguli baphile isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Nezihlobo zeziguli kumele baqaphele futhi ukuqonda: owesifazane kufanele ifanele ukuchitha izinyanga bokugcina bokuphila kwakhe. Isiguli kufanele bavikeleke imizwelo engafanele, kubalulekile ukuvikela ezifweni, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuze unciphise ukuvakashelwa umndeni. Isisindo nesineke futhi kufanele ziqashwe ngokucophelela: ngokuvamile iziguli afe yokukhathala.

Umdlavuza webele (isigaba 4): Izimpawu kanye Ukwelashwa

Kungenzeka kanjani ukuba aphathe lesi sifo? Umgomo yokuyelapha yokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle abesifazane. Kuyadingeka ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwaleso metastases, badambise isifo. Kukhethwa indlela yokwelapha kuncike ezicini ezilandelayo:

• Ukuba khona ukuzwela isiguli imiphumela yama-hormone.
• isithombe ngamunye lesi sifo (ukusebenza oqabulayo izifundo odlule).
• Yobudala isiguli.
• Ukudlulela indawo.
• isimo Jikelele yowesifazane.
• umbono Siqu isiguli kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yini imiphumela ke ufuna ukuphumelela.

Indlela ukwelapha umdlavuza webele esiteji 4? Indlela eyinhloko ekwelapheni lesi sifo - it is a yokwelapha izidakamizwa eziyinkimbinkimbi. Igazi kufanele ahlanze kusuka izinto eziyingozi. Ngalesi inqubo, umbandela lesiguli ngcono kakhulu. Ukumpontshelwa igazi kungasiza igazi, encishisiwe platelet ibala.

In iziguli eziningi kukhona ukushoda-albumin, kusukela isibindi ziwohloka umdlavuza webele. Kwezinye izimo, isiguli ngeke akwenze ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa esegumbini labagula kakhulu.

Ngokuvamile ukuhlinza ukususwa sitho, ngoba ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa akunakwenzeka ukunciphisa ubuthi jikelele zomzimba.

Izindlela zokwelapha ngaphandle kuhlinzwa

Okwamanje, ukuhlinzwa wenziwa kanye, uma kutholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza webele (isigaba 4). Ukwelashwa liqukethe yokuthi isifuba is lisuswe. Le ndlela yokwelashwa ungumholi ekwelapheni isifo. Lapho mastectomy kwezinye izimo kukhona ukususwa kwebele kanye lymph node eduze breastbone.

Umgomo olukhulu resection imikhakha kwebele - ukulondolozwa isitho. Kulesi msebenzi, walulama ingxenye imisipha esifubeni, okuyinto beshaywa yesimila. Lo msebenzi esebenza kahle kakhulu, ngoba kuyadingeka aphoyintimenti radiotherapy.

Metastases ziyimbangela nzima isifo, futhi lesi simo singenzeka uma webele Kutholwe umdlavuza isigaba 4. Metastases ezisuka kusukela umdlavuza kule ndlala mammary, kungenziwa waphendula ngokusebenzisa ngamakhemikhali. Kunciphisa kobukhulu izimpawu. Inombolo ngamakhemikhali amaseshini kunqunywa udokotela. Isikhathi isilinganiso inkambo nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali - sezinsuku ezingengaphansi kuka-10.

amasosha omzimba

Ukuze uqinise umzimba, buthaka isifo ukusetshenziswa immunotherapy. It oyenza isebenze umzimba ozivikela ngayo. Ngakho-ke, prescribers, ukuthuthukisa nokuvikeleka.

Ukuvuselelwa isetshenziswa emva kokuhlinzwa, ukuphishekela umgomo walo lithathelwe ngokwengqondo abesifazane. isigenco esiwela kwesokudla engenziwa webele nokwakha kabusha uma uthanda.

Indlela umzimba ukuze ngidambise izinhlungu ezinzima?

Uma "Codeine" futhi "Tramadol" ngemithamo ezinkulu musa asize ukuze ubhekane ngokuphumelelayo nalesi emizweni ubuhlungu, linqume izidakamizwa ezinamandla ne umphumela kwezidakamizwa. Nquma ukuthi ukusebenzisa kwawo i-kufanele bathathe kokubonisana yezokwelapha.

Ngokuvamile, uma kutholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza webele isigaba 4, ingasetshenziswa "Morphine". Kuyinto kahle aqede uphawu ubuhlungu, kodwa lokhu izidakamizwa has Izimo eziningi. Enkabeni yalo, kuba izidakamizwa ezinamandla futhi ibangela abaningi engadingeki side effects. Anakho nomthelela omubi umgudu wokuphefumula, kwephula inhliziyo ishaya, ngakho uma uthatha lo muthi Kunconywa ukusetshenziswa "Naloxone". Uyoletha isiguli emuva evamile, side effects babe obunganakekile. "Morphine" umlutha, ngakho ngaso sonke isikhathi kuyodingeka ukwandisa umthamo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele asetshenziswe ezimweni ezibucayi lapho ubuhlungu bengasenakubekezela.

Ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa amaphilisi ezinhlungu kanye sedatives kudingekile ukusebenzisa imithi, njengoba umdlavuza webele esiteji 4 kungaba nithintithe nesimiso sezinzwa. "Imipramine" sithuthukisa umphumela analgesic ka analgesics, uthulisa isimiso sezinzwa. Lokhu kuzokwehlisa umthamo izidakamizwa kwezidakamizwa.

Uma uhlangabezana ubuhlungu izicubu ithambo umdlavuza webele, isiguli yehlile esesuthi, kumele kusetshenziswe "Prednisolone".

Asetshenziswa umdlavuza esiteji 4 nemithi ezihlobene neuroleptics ( "droperidol"). Yena inomphumela omuhle antiemetic, kuthuthukisa impilo abesifazane.

ukwelashwa wamabele umdlavuza phesheya

Kwa-Israyeli, ezingeni kwezokulapha kuphezulu. Emitholampilo ezihlukahlukene kuleli zwe ungathola eliphezulu ukwelashwa. It elibamba yonke imisebenzi zokuxilonga kwakudingeka yomdlavuza webele. inhlolovo Iyatholakala kudivayisi yesimanje URUTH. Kwa-Israyeli, ungakwazi ukwenza biopsy yazo zonke izinhlobo, kuhlanganise cleaner futhi stereotactic.

Indlela eyisisekelo ekwelapheni umdlavuza webele uwuhlobo ngesikhathi ukuhlinzwa ngasekupheleni esiteji. Ngemva mastectomy (ukususwa kwebele) kungenziwa usufakwa izimila webele eyenziwe abicah. Wenziwa nensimbi encishisiwe usebenzisa izicubu zabesifazane siqu.

Lapho ukwelashwa sekudlulile eziyinkimbinkimbi sifo eyenziwa nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali futhi welashwa ngemisebe. Inikezwe amakhono ehlukene kanye nemithi yokwelashwa (izidakamizwa "Herceptin").

Kuyadingeka ukuba nethemba okungcono, ngisho noma une umdlavuza webele (isigaba 4). Ukubikezela sokusinda kuyakhuthaza, ngoba mayelana 10% eziguli siphile neyesine yomdlavuza webele esiteji mayelana iminyaka emihlanu. Kumelwe sisebenzise izindlela zokwelashwa kungenzeka lesi sifo.