Ukwenza kwabezizwe kwezomnotho - kuyinto ... Ukuphathwa yomsebenzi wezomnotho angaphandle

imisebenzi yezomnotho Foreign - lena umsebenzi wombuso sphere kwezomnotho ngaphandle ukuhweba yasekhaya. It has izici eziningi ezahlukene, kodwa bonke exhunywe ne emakethe ngandlela-thile, ezikhuthaza ku zonke izinhlobo services: zokuthutha, ukuthengiswa kwempahla. Empeleni, kuba isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa izixhumanisi zathembela.

Ekugcineni, umsebenzi kwezomnotho angaphandle unenjongo - ukwenza ibhayisikobho engenisa inzuzo ngenxa ukuqaliswa eminye imisebenzi emakethe ngamazwe.

Njengoba ebalulekile ukuhweba ngempumelelo ubhekwa yemakethe, ukufunwa izinhlobo ezahlukene izimpahla noma amasevisi, khona izimbangi, ukutadisha izinkampani - amakhasimende ezingase zivele ngaphambi iqembu elikhulu lwabaphathi, osomnotho futhi abakhangisi umsebenzi wemfanelo ukuba isungule futhi igcine ukusebenza zonke indlela ngenhla.

Izici womsebenzi wombuso ezingeni umnotho angaphandle

umsebenzi Russian angaphandle kwezomnotho izici zayo siqu isici. Ukudidiyelwa kwama izinqubo ezifanele nobuhlobo emakethe siqukethe amaphuzu ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo. Esiyinhloko phakathi lawa:

1) isimo ngokulawulwa kweminye imisebenzi yangaphandle ukuhweba kwemithetho yamazwe ambalwa. Ikhomishana angaphandle ukuhweba ukuthengiselana akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ulwazi lomthetho elawula letsite;

2) ubudlelwane emkhakheni yomnotho angaphandle - emakethe, ngakho imisebenzi kumele izimakethe ezilawulwayo. Ubuhlobo Commercial ngeke isebenze uma abalingani ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene unesithakazelo Ukubambisana mutual. Ukwenza kwabezizwe kwezomnotho, owabonakaliswa iyiphi imisebenzi ngamazwe, akunakwenzeka ngaphandle izingxoxo, ukuthengiselana kwezohwebo phakathi abalingani. Kuyinto - ezibalulekile, ebalulekile osizayo Fea imisebenzi;

3) okungenani kuyingxenye ebalulekile kunoma imuphi umsebenzi, yilungiselelo ezokuthutha, izinkampani zomshuwalense ngoba eyisibonelo futhi ezokuthutha latinhlobonhlobo. Umsebenzi ingenye izwe akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ukuxhumana phakathi amasiko, Ukuhwebelana yemali, njengoba imvume kanye settlement kukhona kubalulekile yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi. Zonke kwemithetho esungulwe futhi wazitholela kufanele ibikwe, kuqoshwe futhi waphawula, ngakho amakhono akhethekile ulwazi abathintekayo kubalulekile.

Abaphathi ku inqubomgomo angaphandle of the state

Ezweni lethu, ukuphathwa imisebenzi yangaphandle kwezomnotho isimo Department of Commerce unesibopho. Eminyakeni yamuva, izinhlobo eziningi umsebenzi eRussia uye washintsha ezinkulu. Ministry of Commerce imisebenzi:

• ulawula futhi uhlela ubudlelwane ukuhweba;
• Kwenza iziphakamiso ubunye inqubomgomo angaphandle phakathi kwamazwe - abalingani;
• Liqinisekisa ukuqaliswa kwe iziphakamiso yokutholwa nemithetho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMnyango Russian yemithwalo Ezezimali zihlanganisa:

• ukulawulwa intela;
• ubeka imithetho ngoba nemizana ngamazwe;
• ukuzimisela inqubo eziphathelene nokuxhaswa ngezimali, evuma imisebenzi ehlukahlukene emnothweni zangaphandle;
• ekufezeni imisebenzi ehlukahlukene phesheya;
• sibeka izwe yakhe kule izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe okwenza imali credit, kanye nakwamanye amazwe angaphansi Central Bank. Lokho Central Bank of Russia main umzimba ogunyaziwe ngizithiba phezu ukuthengiselana lwemali ku Ukuhwebelana angaphandle, kanye somthetho of ubudlelwano phakathi kwazo.

Customs - isihloko ubudlelwane kwezomnotho angaphandle

Customs izindaba - liphinde umsebenzi kwezomnotho angaphandle. Customs neKomiti KaHulumeni WaseRussia, Kutfutfukisa nokobana inqubomgomo yentela in uhulumeni, ingenye izingxenye ebalulekile intela futhi uhlelo balandise yezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ejensi wombuso zibamba bonke imisebenzi embonini, kulawula umsebenti wetemnotfo ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ngesisekelo inqubomgomo amasiko, ithuthukiswe eRussia.

Uma uhamba kulo amasiko kuhlolwa futhi inqubo ukuhlonza, umkhiqizo ngamunye iyunithi uthola ikhodi yayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesilwane esifuywayo lezimpahla yomsebenzi wezomnotho angaphandle yenziwa ngaphakathi imithetho ekhona Russian. Ngenxa yalesi inqubo, ochwepheshe bayakwazi ukufinyelela nokutadisha ukuhweba isakhiwo ngamazwe.

Ukuthuthukiswa yomsebenzi wezomnotho angaphandle ukusungula eliphezulu futhi budlelwano lobuzuzisa. Ukuze ukwakheka yabo kubalulekile ukwandisa oxhumana ibhizinisi phakathi abalingani angaphandle - abakhiqizi futhi abathuthi, ukubasiza, ukusiza. Kulesi sigaba, lo wemfanelo kukhona iziphathimandla zendawo ezifundeni, kanye nabamele abaphathi, Chamber of Commerce of the Russian Federation.

Namuhla Russia has a ezimisiwe ubudlelwane emakethe namazwe amaningi Eduze futhi Far phesheya.

Emihle nemibi ukuguqula

kwekuhlela kabusha Multiple kwenziwe phezu isikhathi eside, saba negalelo ekwakhiweni othile database olulodwa, lapho ezomnotho angaphandle. Kuyinto, okokuqala kunakho konke, udlala indima ebalulekile kwenziwe izilinganiso izinqubo emakethe zangaphandle. Nakuba zonke ziye olutholwa izinguquko ayimlethelanga izinguquko ezinkulu, nezindaba kanye nezinselelo ezinhlelweni ezimakethe zomhlaba jikelele ukuthi luselude. State umsebenzi wangaphandle kwezomnotho eRussia is namanje ngeke walungisa ngokugcwele, njengoba iye waqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi. ukuxegiswa Ukusheshe kwagcina kuholele ekubeni:

• ukuncika ukungeniswa ezidayiswayo eziningi;
• Ukuwohloka ubudlelwano phakathi kwala mazwe yokuthekelisa;
• ngokuqondile nokuwohloka izimakethe eziningi kuleli zwe, okuyinto baye bahlupheka abakhiqizi ezifuywayo;
• ukuthekelisa kwezikhali zethu, a ezingumphumela womkhiqizo wezobusayensi.

I mkhakha womsebenzi angaphandle kwezomnotho eRussia ngokuphindiwe sezithotshiselwe phansi kabusha, kodwa kulesi sigaba mshini wesi yayo uhlala abangaphelele.

Izikhombisi-main emkhakheni yomnotho angaphandle

isiqondiso State yomsebenzi wezomnotho angaphandle idinga ukuba uhlelo oluyimpumelelo, okusho ukuthi ukufunwa nezimo ngalinye isihloko ngabanye ukuba izitayela ezintsha yesimanje emakethe umnotho:

• emazweni omhlaba;
• ukuthuthukiswa besigaba ngamazwe zomsebenzi;
• kabusha ubudala futhi ukudalwa izimboni ezintsha emnothweni;
• sokuvuselela dolobha elihlobene ne-inflow kwezimali kule noma lowo msebenzi;
• ukuthuthukiswa ukuvivinya phakathi ezixhaphaza;
• lwekukhululwa phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili. Kubalulekile ekunciphiseni imisebenzi namasiko, uqede imikhawulo yezimpahla ezingena ezweni neziphumayo ukuthekelisa, yakha esishintshashintshayo kwezomnotho ngaphezulu khulula.

Uma ukuqeda izithiyo zesifunda, izimakethe ezivamile futhi ukwandisa isibalo free ukuhweba esishintshashintshayo, umphumela ubudlelwane angaphandle kwezomnotho e uquqaba zezici ngenhla kuyoba abalulekile.

Izinguquko Ezenzeka namanye amazwe: yamanani futhi amazinga

Izinguquko ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphansi yamanani. Imali ekhokhelwa nepepper esungulwe ngokuhlukile uhlobo lomkhiqizo, izimali umahluko ngamunye, kanjalo ekhuthaza ukuthekelisa kwezimpahla phesheya, noma okuphambene nalokho, ukugcina kwabo uma ukukhiqizwa yayo ilethe ezweni inzuzo eningi. amasiko isiqondiso sphere kuyoba izinguquko ezinkulu eminyakeni ezayo. Uhulumeni engabe ukunciphisa inani imisebenzi kanye injongo yayo kuphela inqwaba izimpahla, kunokuba izinto ezincane ngokwehlukile.

Iphinde eqala ubunye tariff amazinga, ukuncishiswa imisebenzi emva ukubusa olandelayo owawuzoba waseRussia kuya WTO. Kumanje, emazweni amaningi athuthukile, ezingeni intela emasikweni yamanani kuyinto Ngokwesilinganiso, kodwa hhayi Ayihaba izibalo. Okubalulekile ukuthuthukisa lahlukene lengakhokhelwa ukulawulwa ubudlelwane phakathi kwemibuso isinyathelo, ngoba izimali ephansi kungenziwa kuphela isicelo ezihlukahlukene ezingewona tariff izithiyo. imisebenzi International namanye amazwe amanye States kule ndaba zingabonisa uyisibonelo izinqubomgomo kazwelonke.

Izinguquko intela futhi Entrepreneurship

ERussia, intela kwezinye imikhakha inzuzo namanje abantu. Exporters akanandaba ukutshala emnothweni wezwe lethu, uma super-inzuzo kusukela ukunikezelwa izinto iluhlaza emakethe izwe kwamanye amazwe.

Kuyadingeka ukuba banake kwezamabhizinisi ezintsha, nokuthengiswa ulwazi olunzulu. Ukuze kwenziwe ngcono isakhiwo zokuthumela Russian isimo ukwesekwa kubalulekile ukukhiqiza nokuthengiswa bezimpahla ezikhiqiziwe. Uma ekuxazululeni lolu hlelo lesifunda ukuthekelisa, ukuncintisana phakathi izinkampani Russian yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo efanayo, kuyoba kancane.

Ngcono ubudlelwano sangaphandle umnotho kungenzeka, tshala izimakethe yezimpahla yasekhaya, kanye imithombo of izinto zokusetshenziswa ekhiqizwa ukuthekelisa, ukugcina ubudlelwane namazwe amaningi, sanda uhla lwabo.

Ikakhulukazi yamuva Foreign Economic Relations ye-USSR

Export and yokungenisa of Captan kubalulekile ukulawula ngokuyinhloko ukushintsha isimo. Ukuthunyelwa capital ezivela eRussia waqala Shit Asia ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Lapho elaseSoviet Union wadala okuxubile inkampani isitokwe ngokuhlanganyela futhi ngokuyisisekelo nje ngidayisa ku nokukhishwa dolobha ngesimo ukubolekisa wombuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwamanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga Yurophu bathatha lo mbono futhi waqala ukwakha izakhiwo ekhaya.

Ngokuyinhloko ukubolekisa waya Turkey, Iran, Mongolia, Afghanistan. Amanye amazwe asathuthuka ngumuntu ongakaze athole usizo kusukela izindleko eSoviet Union. Kodwa lapho kuwa enikezelwe yayo imali kanye nosizo amazwe phesheya unqabile kakhulu. Ukwandiswa zokuthumela dolobha, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo:

• nomnikelo lekusisa amabhizinisi ezinkulu zasekhaya;
• nokuvunyelwa ukubolekisa ukuze ukungenisa capital yangasese.

Ngokucacile lekusisa umnotho Russian

Namuhla, i-ukungenisa capital ezweni lethu, umqondo nje onjalo akukho ngisho eklanyelwe ukuxazulula zokuthumela dolobha uhlelo athuthukile, ngaphandle ezinye izakhi ezincane ke. Captan elawulwa ukuthekelisa kusuka eRussia ngo-1991 bamukela uMthetho "Ngo ukuxegiswa umsebenzi umnotho ngaphandle Insimu RSFSR."

Ukuqapha ukuqaliswa exchange angaphandle imisebenzi eyenziwa ngesisekelo umthetho "Ngo lwemali Regulation and Control". inhlokodolobha wangasese ukuthekelisa isimo ayisekelwe, akukho izinyathelo kungukuthi kuthathwe. Esikwaziyo isivumelwano ukuvikelwa kokutshalwa namanye amazwe, ekuvimbeleni ukukhokhiswa intela kabili.

Ufaka tinhlobo letehlukene ukutshalwa phesheya aluphumeleli ukuhlaziya imisebenzi namanye amazwe. Nokho, imingcele zokuthumela dolobha phesheya ayitholakali e-Russia.

Inkinga yokuthekelisa emthethweni capital phesheya

Kwakunabantu abaningi abangekho emthethweni, ukuthumela capital uzuza ukuthekelisa ayithole ngokungafanele. izinkampani Foreign ebhaliswe kumbhalisi isimo lincane kakhulu kunalezo izinkampani ukuthi atshalwe abezindaba Russian. Ukuze ukwakheka izithakazelo zezwe kanye nezinhloso emkhakheni ukuthekelisa Russia idinga ukwakha umqondo enemininingwane yokukhipha dolobha yangasese phesheya. Lokhu kuyadingeka hhayi kuphela iziphathimandla ukuphoqelelwa, kodwa futhi zimali abazimele. Kubaluleka inchubomgomo yembuso Russian ku nokukhishwa dolobha phesheya ukuba ngokucacile futhi waqonda.

Ukuze axazulule lonke inqubo dolobha outflow kunzima, ngoba izinyathelo kumagadango kungavunyelwe akuzona ngempumelelo empilweni yangempela njalo. Thuthukisa sezulu utshalomali, kusho:

• ukunciphisa umthwalo wentela;
• ekulinganiseni isimo sezombusazwe kuleliya lizwe;
• ukuvimbela izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali ekuphumeni;
• athobele imithetho;
• ukunciphisa imihlola lobugebengu emnothweni.

Kulolu shintsho, isimo besingeke baye bathuthukisa isimo sezulu utshalomali kuleli zwe, ngakho ukushintsha ube umuntu ongcono kuyi kanye nokuthekelisa namazwe angaphandle capital. Ukuze unqobe izithiyo on the yokungenisa-zokuthumela ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle -problem uhulumeni wethu. Kwakuyisikhathi evumayo utshalomali kwesimo sezulu ziyoba nethonya izindlela lokulawula amasiko, exchange angaphandle imisebenzi, nesandla ekuthuthukiseni ngempumelelo esikhuluma ngokuhwebelana komhlaba wonke.

imisebenzi yezomnotho Foreign - lena sphere zokuphila kwezomnotho nezombusazwe isimo, okuyinto ukuqinisa izikhundla ku ezingeni lelisetulu utshalomali ngeke akwenze ngaphandle ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle. Yonke imisebenzi okuhloswe ngayo ukwenza ngcono ukutshalwa kwezimali ezihlobene imvelo-Yiqiniso, kufanele kwenziwe ndawonye. Hulumende udzinga kwenta banake ezindaweni ezilandelayo ukuze komnikazi ubudlelwane ngaphandle umnotho wezwe:

• Buyisela futhi sandise zonke izindawo umsebenzi we CIS futhi aphesheya, njengoba European Union.
• * Kunonophisa luhlelo ukuhlanganiswa ekhona emazweni CIS.
• Yenza ubudlelwane kwezomnotho wangaphandle ngempumelelo ngaphezulu zonke izindawo eRussia;
• Kuniketa tindzima ecacile nezibopho phakathi izifunda kanye maphakathi izibopho nezimfuneko ecacisa umsebenzi kwezomnotho angaphandle. Leli lungiselelo kuvumele umsebenti ngendlela endlalekile, ngaphandle kwaphazamiseka izinqubo okuqhubekayo ezohwebo kanye ngesikhathi esifanayo ukugcina isimo ngaphansi kolawulo egcwele isimo.