Ukuhlaziywa kokuncintisana kwebhizinisi. Imiqondo eyisisekelo

Ukuncintisana (okuvela egameni lesiLatini elithi "сoncurre", okusho ukuthi "ukuphoqa") ukuphikisana kwezinhlangano ezizimele zomnotho ezingxenyeni zazo ezimakethe zokuthengisa kanye nemithombo yezomnotho. Ukuncintisana, ngokulandelanayo, yikhono kanye nekhono lamabhizinisi, izimboni, izimpahla zokuncintisana kumakhasimende, isikhundla, indawo emgodini wezomnotho, njll - kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwezomnotho. Ukuhlaziywa komncintiswano wemikhiqizo kwenza kube lula ukubona izinhlangothi ezibuthakathaka nezinamandla ezinkampani ezikhuphisanayo, nokwandisa ukuncintisana kwemikhiqizo yabo ngokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yayo, ukwethula izindlela ezintsha nobuchwepheshe.

Ukuhlaziywa kokuncintisana kwebhizinisi kubonisa ukuthi izinga lokuncintisana kwalo ngokuqondile lixhomeke ezingeni lokusekelwa okungaluthola kuhulumeni ngendlela yokuboleka imali, umshuwalense, ukukhululwa kwezingxenye zentela, izinsizakalo, ukunikeza ulwazi olusesikhathini samanje ezimakethe, njll. Ezimweni zokusekela umkhiqizi nguhulumeni, izinyathelo zokwandisa ukuncintisana kwamabhizinisi zingenziwa ngezinga likazwelonke, kucatshangelwa isimo emakethe, nangokuhambisana nezinkinga zamanje zomkhiqizi.

Kunemiqondo enjengokuthi "ukuncintisana okuphelele" kanye "nokuncintisana okungaphelele". Ukuncintisana okuphelele kubonisa isimo lapho kukhona abathengi nabakhiqizi abaningi emakethe yempahla; Abathengisi (abakhiqizi) bahlala engxenyeni encane yemakethe ukuthi abakwazi ukuyala abanye amagama. Ukuncintisana okungapheleli kuveza umehluko omkhulu wokulinganisa phakathi kwabathengi nabakhiqizi (ezinye zimbalwa, ezinye ziningi); Kulesi simo, lo mncintiswano uhlanganisa ukucindezela abanye abakhiqizi kanye nokuwabeka phambili.

Umncintiswano othakazelisayo uvezwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene: ngendlela yokuzimela (ukuncintisana komuntu oyedwa) kanye ne-oligopoly. I-monopoli yindlela yobunikazi obunikazi bento engokwesinye isihloko (into) noma iqembu labantu: ilungelo lokukhiqiza, ukuthengisa, ukuthenga noma yikuphi umkhiqizo noma umkhiqizo. Kubonakala ngokubeka amanani, okuphezulu noma okuphansi. Njengomthetho, kunezinhlangano zokungazithembi. I-Oligopoly uhlobo lwezimakethe zezomnotho, lapho kungekho okukodwa okuqine phezu kwegatsha lanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwempahla, kodwa eziningana (njengombuso, abahlanganyeli abangu-3 noma ngaphezulu).

Umgomo wanoma yikuphi ukuncintisana ukutholakala kwesimo esinenzuzo kakhulu emakethe yokudayiswa kwemikhiqizo yayo.

Ukuhlaziywa kokuncintisana kwebhizinisi kunqunywa ukuncintisana kwemikhiqizo, okuyikhono layo lokuma ngaphandle kwemvelaphi yezimpahla ezifanayo futhi ihanjiswe ngemali ezimweni ezifanele. Ukuncintisana kwezimpahla kunqunywa yizici ezifana nomsebenzi wokukhiqiza wamabhizinisi, ukusebenza kahle kwe-design bureau, umsebenzi wezinhlangano zezomnotho wangaphandle ezithengisa izimpahla ezimakethe zangaphandle, njalonjalo. Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela ubuhlobo obuseduze phakathi kokuncintisana komkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi yayo kanye nezinga lobuchwepheshe (nakuba le mibono ayilingani).

Umkhiqizo ngamunye unezigaba eziningana zokuba khona kwazo, ezichazwe ngokweqile ngokuthi "umjikelezo wokuphila komkhiqizo". Isigaba sokuqala ukuqaliswa, esinye sezikhathi ezibiza kakhulu lapho umenzi kufanele akhombise umthengi ukuthi umkhiqizo usebenza ngokudayisa. Okulandelayo, isiteji sokukhula, lapho ukufunwa kwezimpahla kukhula ngokushesha. Futhi, ekugcineni, isiteji sokuvuthwa, lapho ukufunwa kwezimpahla sekufinyelele phezulu futhi manje kancane kancane kwehla. Isikhathi sokugcina yisiteji sokuguga, lapho ukufunwa kwezimpahla kuwela futhi ngenxa yalokho kuba yize. Ukubala ngokulinganisa komjikelezo wokuphila komkhiqizo kusiza ukuhlola ukuncintisana kwezimpahla kumandla, okuvumela ukuba wenze iziphetho ezidingekayo futhi ugweme izindleko ezingadingekile, futhi ukubikezela ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwemakethe yokuthengisa

Ukuhlaziywa kokuncintisana kwamabhizinisi nokuhlaziywa komncintiswano womkhiqizo kuyisici sekhwalithi noma sokulinganisa komkhiqizo. Isimiso esisodwa yisici esilula, isibonelo, intengo yokuhle. Isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi, futhi, sihlukaniswe sibe yiqembu kanye nesilinganiso esijwayelekile. Isigaba seqembu sihlanganisa izinga lekhwalithi, izinga loveli, isithombe, intengo yokusetshenziswa, okuqukethwe komkhiqizo. Isimiso esijwayelekile sibheka into enjalo njengokulinganisa komkhiqizo.

Emnothweni wemakethe, inkampani (inkampani, eqinile) ezuzisa isikhathi eside ingabhekwa njengokuncintisana. Ukuhlaziywa kokuncintisana kwamabhizinisi kulokhu kubandakanya izinkomba eziqhakambisa ukuncintisana kwayo:

- bahlanganyele emakethe yomhlaba wonke neyekhaya;

- inani lemali engenayo ngabasebenzi abaqashiwe ekukhiqizeni;

- inani eliphelele labantu abahlanganyela ekukhiqizeni;

- inani labadlali abakhulu.