Ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe nezinhlobo zalo. Izimbangela ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe

umphakathi ngamunye has kwezinkambiso ayo social noma imithetho okuzohlolwa ke uhlala. Abakwazi uyiswe imithetho engabhaliwe ezibonisa ukuziphatha kwabantu etimeni letehlukene. Ukwahluleka okuthobela nanoma lezi kwezinkambiso kubhekwa njengendlela ukuphambuka kwezenhlalo, olubizwa nangokuthi ukuphambuka. Lo mqondo ingabonwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Okokuqala, njalo ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe kuphula umthetho kanye namazinga owandile umphakathi. Kodwa ngalé kwalokho, lapho kubhekwa into social ukuthi uthola inkulumo kuzo zonke izinhlobo izenzo zabantu abaningi alihambisani imithetho zokuziphatha ekusithekeni.

Lapho eqala ukutadisha ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe nezinhlobo zalo? isayensi Social - isihloko ukuthi lisisiza abafundi incazelo yesayensi lokhu abaningi abanawo.

Umqondo oyisisekelo

Ngeshwa, akukho ngomphakathi onjalo, konke enamalungu wayelandela iziqondiso jikelele. ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe nezinhlobo zalo Ekhona lungeza ngezindlela eziningi ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho, abantu ezibangela ukuziphatha okuyinqaba zihlanganisa izigebengu futhi Hermits, zizincishe injabulo futhi geniuses, abangcwele nokunye. D.

Ukuphambuka kuziphatha uhlobo ukuziphatha akanayo imvume ukuze umphakathi. Ngazo zonke izikhathi kwakukhona ababethanda ukuqeda amafomu engathandeki yizenzo zabantu nabathwali bawo. Kulokhu, sasivame ngamathuluzi ahlukahlukene kanye namasu ukuthi ziyavumelana ekhona ezweni ubudlelwane izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho, ukwazi komphakathi, kanye izithakazelo iqembu elibusayo.

ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe nezinhlobo zalo ziye njalo ukhangwa isithakazelo abacwaningi.

Indima emphakathini

Ukuphambuka ukuziphatha uhlobo ukuziphatha nemvelo ezimbili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, usongela ekulahlekelweni nekusimama kwetenhlalo. Ngakolunye - lokhu igcina ukuzinza. Kungenziwa kanjani lokhu wachaza? Ukusebenza ngempumelelo zonke izakhiwo zomphakathi kungenzeka kuphela ngenkathi iqinisekisa ukuthi uhlu, nokubikezela ukuziphatha bonke abanye abantu emphakathini. Umuntu ngamunye kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi baziphathe kanjani abanye abantu nokuthi uluhlobo luni lokuziphatha bona abangayilindela kuye.

Nokho, lapho subculture kuyo yonke imiphakathi. Sinenkosi imithetho yabo lokungena ezingqubuzana zokuziphatha yamukelwe. ukuphambuka okunjalo kubhekwa iqembu futhi ngezinye izikhathi neqhaza ekuthuthukiseni phambili yomphakathi.

Amafomu yokuziphatha babhekwe

Ngezinye izikhathi umuntu kwephula izindinganiso zomphakathi ngezikhathi kuphela isikhathi. Lokhu ukuziphatha ubizwa ukuphambuka njengoba eyinhloko. Eyesibili uhlobo imiqondo - secondary. Kulokhu, lo muntu ithola babhekwe brand futhi unomuzwa wokuthi iphathwa hhayi njengoba abanye abantu.

ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe uhlale kwephula kwezinkambiso zokuziphatha futhi ngaleyo ndlela kungaba kokubili ngamunye nanjengeqembu. Uhlobo lokuqala ngokuvamile ukuphambuka siguqulelwa yesibili. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuvamile kakhulu ngaphansi kwethonya subculture lobugebengu kulawo imikhakha abantu beyizidlova ukuba benze izenzo ezihlanekezelwe, okungukuthi, basengozini.

Izinhlobo ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe

avelele:

- izenzo delinkvetnye ukuthi abe ukuma emelene nabantu, okuyinto ngamazwi yayo extreme babe lokujeziswa nemvelo;

- ukuziphatha umlutha, inhloso okwesula ngokoqobo ngokusebenzisa into noma nenkanuko edlulele ngokweqile emsebenzini othize;

- izenzo patoharakterologicheskie okuyinto zibangelwa izinguquko sokugembula e uhlamvu, unendawo lemfundo ukukhubazeka;

- ukuziphatha psychopathological okuholela okuthile engqondweni;

- izenzo ezisekelwe gipersposobnostyah womuntu, ebonakaliswa onamakhono noma ubuhlakani.

ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe nezinhlobo zalo ungaba ngezigaba eziningana ezahlukene. Maqondana nabo umphakathi ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe yilezi:

1. evunyiwe emphakathini. Basuke obonakaliswe ukuziphatha okufana lomuntu oyedwa, okuyinto omuhle futhi sihlose nokuqedwa amazinga yisikhathi. Njengomthetho, lolu hlobo babhekwe elihlobene ne lokusungula kwezenhlalo futhi ikhuthaza ushintsho qualitative lonke esimisweni sezenhlalo. Isibonelo salokhu wayeyisazi, izimpumelelo lokugijima izenzo zobuqhawe amakhono ubuholi.

2. Ngiphakathi nendawo. Lokhu ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe iyona uhlobo lomkhuba akubangi ukukhathazeka emphakathini futhi akusho nomthelela ekushintsheni yayo. Izenzo ezinjalo babhekwe zihlanganisa eyinqaba, futhi eyinqaba, isifiso kusimangaze wonke umuntu nge isimo sakhe futhi ifomu izingubo.

3. Social ichithiwe. Ukuziphatha okunjalo kwephula futhi disorganize uhlelo kwezenhlalo.

Lubekezelela izici engemihle futhi enezinkinga. Izenzo ezinjalo babhekwe umonakala umphakathi. Lezi zihlanganisa ezihlukahlukene kwezinso, ulethe okubi kubantu futhi ubuntu. Basuke ivezwa ngendlela ezihlukahlukene izenzo ezingekho emthethweni, nolaka futhi isigebengu, kanye ukuluthwa utshwala, ukuluthwa yizidakamizwa, ukuzibulala, njll Ngakho, ukuze emphakathini ichithiwe zihlanganisa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe: .. Yama, abangalaleli.

Typology uRobert Merton

Umqondo ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe ngenhlonipho. Ngokwesibonelo, izigebengu bakholelwa ukuthi impango nokuhuheka - kungcono uhlobo evamile umholo. Nokho, iningi labantu ukuziphatha okunjalo ezihlanekezelwe. Kuyefana nasendleleni uhlobo oluthile lwezenzo zomphakathi. Ezinye zazo ezibhekwa ezihlanekezelwe, nabanye - akukho.

Ngo kwabantu wesimanje ezibhekwa izinhlobo kunazo baqaphela, zinhlobo zokuziphatha ezihlanekezelwe, oluthathwa by Robert Merton. A Ukubuthelela imiqondo yena lalivumelana imibono yale nqubo ubhubhisa izakhi eziyisisekelo namasiko, kuhlanganise kwemazinga ekutiphatsa. Kususelwa kule Merton ezikhonjwe izinhlobo ezine ukuphambuka, ezinye zazo yilezi:

1. Ukuqamba. Lolu hlobo lokuziphatha kuhilela kuhambisana nezinhloso jikelele wenkampani, kodwa kuphikisa yezindlela yokutholwa ukuyifinyelela ngayo. Ukuze izinto zihlanganisa izifebe blackmailers, izazi ezinkulu kanye abasunguli imibhoshongo zezimali.

2. yenkambiso. Lokhu ukuziphatha kungenxa uyaphika imigomo eyisisekelo emphakathini kanye engenangqondo yenqubo ukuyifinyelela ngayo. Isibonelo salokhu Bureaucrat. Isikhulu abafuna ngenkani ukugcwaliswa ngokucophelela noma iyiphi incwadi, yokuqinisekisa yayo okuphindaphindiwe, abahlelekela amakhophi amane, njll Lolu hlobo ageje iphuzu - .. Umgomo.

3. Retretizm. Akukhona ukuthi ezinye, kuyindlela yokubalekela ngokoqobo manje. Lolu hlobo ukuphambuka sivezwe kula kwenqatshwa hhayi kuphela yemigomo ebalulekile emphakathini, kodwa futhi phezu yezindlela abantu abavamile bona bafinyelele. Lolu hlobo lokuziphatha sici yezidakamizwa notshwala kanye bums t. D.

4. Ukuvukela. Lokhu ukuziphatha negates injongo nezindlela etholakala emphakathini. Rebel uhlose ukumisa omunye esikhundleni sabo emisha. Isibonelo esimangalisayo kulesi - wabaholi.

Ekuthuthukiseni ngezigaba zawo Merton wagcizelela ukuthi ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe nezinhlobo zayo akuzona umkhiqizo ukuthi ubonisa isimo sengqondo ngokuphelele negative ezindinganisweni owamukelwa. Phela, isela lingasondeli wenqabe umgomo umphakathi, njengoba impahla inhlalakahle. A izenzo Bureaucrat ingangqubuzani nemithetho owamukelwa umsebenzi. Kulokhu, kukhona agcwaliseke ngokoqobo, lathinta iphuzu nangendlela engenangqondo. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kanye Bureaucrat, futhi isela kukhona deviants.

Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu yokuziphatha babhekwe

Incazelo imihlola babhekwe kungenziwa isethwe. Ukuze uqonde kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini izinhlobo babhekwe yokuziphatha. Futhi isizathu kulokhu kuyoba lula kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi iyini. Ngokwesibonelo, propensity abe umlutha wotshwala nezidakamizwa kanye nokugula ngengqondo akuyona ngenxa izici zezenhlalo nezinto eziphilayo. Phela lezi zenzakalo ezimbi kaningi isabalala izingane abazali bazo.

Ngo kwabantu, kukhona izinkomba ezimbalwa, owawuthi, futhi bachaza izizathu ukuziphatha ezihlanekezelwe. Omunye wabo khona isimo okunjalo emphakathini lapho amagugu ubudala kanye nezinkambiso ngizé ezingqubuzana ubudlelwane ekhona, kanye esisha okwamanje. Kulokhu, imbangela ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe imigomo esingalingani, okuyinto ifakwa phambili emphakathini, kanye nezisetshenziswa ezitholakala ukuyifinyelela ngayo.

ukucwasa

Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu izizathu ukuphambuka, libhekene kobudlelwano nomphakathi. Inketho ezivamile kuyinto igebe kokuqala ubudlelwane kwezomnotho. Ngemva kwalokho oxhumana nabo balahlekile, futhi esigabeni esilandelayo - engokomoya.

Sici sici zokunciphisa nezidingo zomphakathi futhi okulindele emapheshana onganakiwe. Ngakho kukhona bakudala ngaphezulu zezimboni, likhaya kwempilo engokomoya.

zokugula nomphakathi

Lena kwesinye isigaba izizathu ukuziphatha okungekuhle. Uneziqu ubuhlobo obuseduze ezinjengokungcoliswa yizidakamizwa nokuluthwa utshwala, ukwanda kwenani izifo engqondo kanye Ukuwohloka isitokwe kwezakhi amalungu omphakathi.

Inxiba nokungaqiniseki

Lokhu kuziphatha ukuthi indlela ethile yokuphila. imbangela yayo oyinhloko ukungavumi iqhaza umsebenzi ukuze kuzuze umphakathi nokuphishekela engenayo unearned.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inxiba nokungaqiniseki eminyakeni yamuva baye iyasatshalaliswa. Nokho, umphakathi uzama ulwe lesi simanga esiyingozi emphakathini. Ngoba abantu ngokuvamile enjalo isinyathelo abaxhumanisi ukudayisa izidakamizwa, kanye zingebi nobunye ubugebengu.

Ukuba umlutha wezithombe

Ngokuvamile kubangele ukuziphatha ophambene uba nesifiso sokugwema ubuhlungu yangaphakathi ekhona, kanye shintsha isimo zabo zenhlalo nangokwengqondo, okuyinto uwukubonakaliswa yemibango yangaphakathi futhi izingxabano intrapersonal. Konke lokhu izenzo umlutha. indlela enjalo ngokuvamile ekhethwe abhubhise labo abangenandaba kungenzeka zomthetho ukuze iSilekeleli Sokwazisa, ogama ubuntu is bebengaphuzile ngenxa sabaphathi owandile umphakathi, kanye nezifiso siqu njalo ivinjiwe.

Abantu abanjalo ngeke ube umsebenzi bese bashintshe isimo sabo ekhona nomphakathi usebenzisa iziteshi esisemthethweni. Yingakho abakholelwa kwezinkambiso owamukelwa umphakathi ongenabulungisa futhi ingeyona engokwemvelo.

ukuziphatha okungekuhle Ikakhulukazi

Ngo zomphakathi wethu wanamuhla, ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe, bayanda abe enengqondo futhi okuyingozi. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi ubuntu owenza lethembele bomsebenzi kanye bangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kule ngozi noma ikusasa. Lena ngamabomu lomuntu oyedwa, ngawo kungaba iSilekeleli Sokwazisa, self-isiqinisekiso nokuzihlonipha, ngokuba nezingxabano actualization.

ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe kuthomba

Emphakathini wanamuhla, inkinga langempela ingane, ukuluthwa yizidakamizwa nobugebengu. Kule ndaba, kukhona ukukhula kwenani intsha ukuziphatha ezihlanekezelwe. Lokhu ukuphambuka e ukuziphatha kwezingane kuwumphumela izici zezombangazwe, zenhlalo nezomnotho kanye nezemvelo kokuntengantenga kwezomnotho, ithonya elikhulayo mbumbulu isiko, ushintsho enanini orientation ekhona wobusha kusimo umndeni kanye sphere yasekhaya, ukuntuleka ukulawula ukuthi is phetho umsebenzi unomphela nabazali, umqedazwe yesehlukaniso nokushiyeka emsebenzini izikhungo zemfundo.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe phakathi intsha, njengoba umthetho, kuvetwa amafomu ezifana umlutha, autoagressive (ukuzibulala) kanye geteroagressivnaya.

Yiziphi izizathu ezijwayeleke kakhulu ukuziphatha okungekuhle lwabantu abasha? Basuke efakwe ohlwini kanje:

1. imfundo ehlelekile engalungile. Lokhu ngokuvamile ingane abahlala emndenini ezinzima. Emehlweni akhe kukhona izingxabano phakathi kwabazali, abangafuni ezweni lakhe elingaphakathi. Ngezinye izikhathi inkathazo kufihliwe ngokujulile ngempela. Futhi itholakala kuphela ngemva ingane iqala ukugqama ngokuziphatha sakhe sengqondo esiphambene.

2. izici eziphilayo. Phakathi kwalezi zizathu lwabelwe ufuzo, okuyinto kunciphisa umsebenzi izindlela zokuzivikela futhi oluhambelana umkhawulo umsebenzi umuntu. Lokhu isici uyakwazi ukuzibonakalisa e ukuntula engqondo, ifa izici okungavamile uhlamvu, kanye ezifana izenzakalo ezimbi njengoba etshwaleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela intsha eziphatha ngayo ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe wembula bebancane amangqamuzana obuchopho, egcwele phetho ezinye izifo ezingathi sína kwababhemayo, okuye sidluliselwe kubo zisencane. Izinto zihlanganisa uhlobo sici begazi engenakugwenywa. Ngalesi yobudala umuntu nokukhula ngokushesha uqala umzimba siyeza kuze kube sekupheleni zokuthomba, kanye nokuthuthukisa umsebenzi kwezitho eziningi izinhlelo, kubandakanya isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko.

3. izici kwengqondo. Entsheni uphela kanye kumiswa uhlamvu komuntu. Ukwephulwa kwale nqubo ngezinye izikhathi kuholela abantu basabele ngendlela embi characterological ukuthi uhambe ngalé kwezinkambiso bamukeleke umphakathi. Phakathi kwabo kukhona lokhu okulandelayo: umbhikisho asebenzayo (ukungalaleli maholoholo); umbhikisho yokwenziwa (ukushiya ikhaya); Ukugwema asebenzayo nomuntu; mbumbulu noma belingisa ukuziphatha kwabanye; anda isifiso sokuziphakamisa ukugomela ngesisekelo nokunqatshelwa isipiliyoni abaphezulu; overcompensation (Yizona) ngenxa yokuphatheka ukuzivikela, ukugqiba ubuthakathaka ebuntwini bami.

Ngakho, siye sacabangela ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe futhi izizathu ezibangela ke.