Portrait uhlobo isiko izikhathi ahlukahlukene nabantu

Portrait - a uhlobo ezobuciko, ethwele ngokwayo izici eziyingqayizivele umuntu. Ukuze uthole umculi okhokhelwayo iphuzu elibalulekile - ukuwudlulisela hhayi kuphela ukufana sobala umfuziselo bukhoma, kodwa futhi ukuze ubonise emhlabeni engaphakathi kumuntu ngamunye, umphefumulo wakhe. Loku kuyehluka portrait uhlobo isiko izikhathi ezahlukene.

portraitist kuphela onekhono ngaphansi amandla ukuveza ubuntu futhi isimo esingokomzwelo imodeli, isimo sakhe okwamanje. Okubalulekile ku portrait kukhona yonke imininingwane - imodeli Ingaphandle, izingubo, ezindaweni ngemuva, futhi izinsimbi. Batinikela umculi ithuba lokubonisa futhi isikhundla emphakathini we-portrait bese wengeza umbala isikhathi zomlando yangaleso sikhathi.

Ukuvela Kwesimo uhlobo

Njengamanje, ezobuciko bahlangana iqoqo elikhulu portrait izithombe, kuhlanganise ifa amakhosi amaningi esikhathi esidlule nawamanje ukubonisa uhlobo portrait isiko izikhathi ezahlukene. Umlayezo wadluliselwa emsebenzini wabo, kungcono ukudweba isithombe izikhathi lapho wayehlala futhi esebenza portraitists. Kuwo wonke sikhathi kwadingeka kwezifiso ayo ubuhle, ubuswa izitayela ezahlukene, ukushintsha izimfuneko portrait izithombe. Ukuze thatha, esitolo kanye ukuwudlulisela inzalo ebusweni isithombe, abaculi esetshenziswa impahla ezahlukene. Ukwabela ekumeni sculptural, umbukiso kanye olungokomfanekiso, okuyinto ugcizelela yizinhlobonhlobo, okuyinto has uhlobo portrait isiko izikhathi ezahlukene. Itfombe ubuso kwabantu wayengenza futhi ukuba kwenziwe unconventionally futhi Tile, efekethisiwe, appliques, njll ...

Umsuka wegama portrait

Eyokuqala ekumeni ngesandla udonseleka esukela emuva ezikhathini zasendulo. Okhokho babo angabhekwa wathola Fayum ekumeni, okuthiwa indawo bayo (isiziba bekhabo Fayoum). Esemathuneni akudala, wathola lapho bemba emanxiweni asesigodlweni eKrethe, ukuphepha wasikhipha izici ezinhle zabesifazane abasha. Nakuba ezisesithombeni eyayivela kakhulu, idatha yasezindongeni angabhekwa "protoportretami" kweqiniso.

I ekumeni lokuqala lokusinda, lapho izici ngamunye umuntu, kwaba umsebenzi abaculi ngezikhwepha yaseGrisi yasendulo, Egypt neRoma bathunyelwa, abakwazi ukwethula ngokugcwele portrait uhlobo isiko izikhathi ezahlukene. Lezi ekumeni abangu sculpted futhi okwenziwe samuntu eyaziwa ngesikhathi yezimbongi ongqondongqondo, izinduna nababusi.

eGrisi lasendulo

Ukuze isithombe womuntu amakhosi yamaGreki asendulo waphendukela kwesikhathi zakudala. art zakudala elihlobene ne-indoda ekahle, enhle enomzimba umoya. Lesi sithombe ibukeka abantu ezimangalisayo emsebenzini, ngokuphelele elingenalo umfuzile.

Esikhathini esizayo, izithombe abe eziyinkimbinkimbi, ingcweti ezilihlukanisayo balwela ukwakha ekumeni. ngenkathi yamaGreki kwaba sesikhathini ukunakekela indoda, imizwelo yakhe. I ebaziwe weza dynamism kanye imiva. eziqoshiwe Wadala walondoloza umzimba ophelele wobuntu, kunalokho wafuna portrait. Okugweda Antique sculpted ikakhulukazi busts, kodwa kwakukhona eziqoshiwe a yobude obugcwele, okuyinto ogibele ezinezikhoxe. lenqwaba ekumeni sculptural zadalwa ngezinto ezahlukene: zemabula, zethusi, isiliva, igolide, izinyo lendlovu.

eRoma lasendulo

izithakazelo State agwetshwe kuhlangene amaRoma ukunakekela indoda, ubuntu bakhe. Abaculi baye wasikisela phezu Amalungelo Imisebenzi of Man, ukuzimela yangaphakathi futhi bomele inkululeko. Ithola ukuthuthukiswa isithombe kweqiniso sculptural. Roma kuvezwa begqoke izingubo smart - Toga, ngoba portrait yayihloselwe ukugubha ukuhlonipheka izinhlobo. izithombe Early adlulisele amandla kanye nokuqina uhlamvu oqhubeka uhlobo portrait isiko izikhathi ezahlukene. Kutfutfukiswa ebaziwe WamaRoma kwaholela ngokwezifiso wokwenza lasendulo ukufa buso.

Engxenyeni yesibili II. portrait Roman yayina kakhulu. Okugweda manje banake hhayi kuphela zifana ne imodeli, kodwa futhi phezu ukudalulwa isimo sakhe sengqondo. Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni ashintshe ngomfanekiso ubuchwepheshe iso - esikhundleni inlays namasu Umbala ukuza plastic. Portraitists wesikhathi bathambekele wadluliswa ngendlela enembile kakhulu nemvelo, ubunqunu izici ezinkulu ebuntwini bakho.

Ephakathi: uJan van Eyck

Ezimele uhlobo yobuciko portrait waqala Ephakathi. Lase uJan van Eyck wayengomunye walaba abaculi lokuqala okuyinto sivunyiwe uhlobo portrait isiko izikhathi ezahlukene. Umlayezo oshiywe naso emsebenzini ngamunye imidwebo, wafika inzalo ka akukho okubi kakhulu ukwedlula ngemisebenzi abalobi kanye izimbongi. Kwaba uJan van Eyck wenza isithombe uhlobo ahlukene. Ngokusho yetinsita wayebuye nombhali inqubo uwoyela imidwebo. Omunye imisebenzi yokuqala van Eyck sika yaseGhent Altarpiece kwaba mdwebo. Phakathi kwamagama khona namakhasimende ukusebenza - okubizwa ngokuthi donator (abanikeli) abantu ukuba nginikele ngemali ukuze Izindawo yesonto. Isiko izingoma zenkolo zihlanganisa ubuso imidwebo amakhasimende owawukhona phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi. Umdwebi akusho nje zihlanganisa donators izibalo lichaza ekwakheni imikhiqizo, nezinhloso ukumambula izinhlamvu zabo.

Renaissance

Esikhathini Renaissance, portrait baba izinhlobo lokuqala ozimele yokudweba. Ukuvela ngekota kwekhulu xv yesibili., It laba yintandokazi ngokushesha kwabaningi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-portrait kutshengisa ukuthi ubuntu wesimanje oluvelele. Abaculi Awuchazwa donators zenzisa futhi ngithobekile - izinhlamvu zabo sezibe khulula ubuso, hhayi kuphela endowed ngokugcwele, kodwa futhi uyakwazi izenzo ezinqala.

Germany: Albrecht Dürer

Works of umdwebi nomculi ingcaca baba umnikelo omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni Kwesimo uhlobo. Ekumeni Dürer zihlukaniswa ukunakekela ubuntu eziyingqayizivele imodeli. Amaqhawe abo - Nomfutho, ehlakaniphile, egcwele besithunzi, amandla nokuzikhandla. Self-portrait Dürer lagxila ngokukhethekile, lapho ngaleso sikhathi kwaba buyinto engavamile, wafuna ukuthola izici ngamunye ukuhlukanisa umuntu oyedwa kusuka kwenye.

Italy: Leonardo da Vinci

Wayengumuntu umdwebi kakhulu, umculi ingcaca, umsunguli, usosayensi, unjiniyela ngisho umculi. Yakhe "Mona Lisa" ( "La Gioconda") - Umdwebo edume kakhulu emhlabeni. I landscape kule portrait - hhayi nje ngemuva. Owesifazane nemvelo ihlangana zibe lonke ivumelane. Umdwebi kubonakala esijulile ukukhombisa izwe ntu njengoba khulu futhi engaqondakali, njengoba isimo ezungeze abantu. ULeonardo da Vinci wakwazi immortalize ngemisebenzi yakhe, uhlobo portrait isiko izikhathi ahlukahlukene nabantu.

Spain: Francisco Goya

Spanish umdwebi Francisco Goya eyaduma njengoba umlobi ekumeni nemifanekiso ostrosotsialnyh. Yonke imisebenzi yakhe libhekene abanothando imizwelo futhi ufake umfutho owengeziwe izici. Goya bathandile ukubhala abesifazane - enhle hhayi ahlukile kakhulu nezincekukazi. Ngisho nangemva kokuba intandokazi umdwebi ababusi, inkantolo, Goya ayethanda ukubhala abampofu ezisemadolobheni.

England Thomas Lawrence

I-portrait kwaba impumelelo eliphakeme yokudweba IsiZulu eslphambanweni XVIII-XIX eminyaka. Tomas lorens waba ngowokuqala English-eyaziwa portrait umdwebi. amasu Okumangalisayo virtuoso ukubulawa Lawrence ekumeni athwale isigxivizo sentaba romantic. Umdwebi alalelwa kakhulu intuthuko imigqa, ukujula imibala, unhlangothi isibindi. Lawrence wabhala ekumeni of abadlali kanye bebhange, izingane namaxhegu, izinsizwa nezintombi. Wayeqonda ukujula ukubaluleka le nkinga, njengoba uhlobo portrait isiko izikhathi ezahlukene. Album nge mikhiqizo yakhiwe imisebenzi Lawrence yanyatheliswa encwadini ifomu kanye ithengiswe kunezinkulungwane zamakhophi umhlaba wonke.

France Ogyust Renuar

Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi yokuqala yekhulu XIX. indawo ebalulekile Umdwebo French matasa abafundi nabalandeli kaDavide. Umsebenzi wabo eyathinta izifiso umphakathi isikhathi wokubusa Napoleon. Classicism ezazikhona ngalesi sikhathi 'ubhedu kwezobuciko, ngokuthi "Empire" - isitayela umbuso. Lesi sitayela "umugqa obomvu 'wahlatshwa uhlobo portrait isiko izikhathi ezahlukene.

Ogyust Renuar ngangingazi ukuthi imidwebo yakhe ngaphandle indoda, futhi umbono - kuyinto isimo kubalulekile. Maphakathi nawo-1870s. portrait waba uhlobo enkulu Umdwebo by Renoir. Eminyakeni yamuva aye waqala ukusebenza phezu kwendalo ekumeni zezingane: izingane wabhala elingaphakathi, ngokwemvelo. Wathembeka nalapho enza zobumba isikhumba imifanekiso yakhe esencane, ukubukeka ecacile nekhululekile, izinwele abushelelezi, izingubo zikanokusho. Renoir lawuguqula ngokuphelele futhi eyandisa portrait uhlobo isiko izikhathi ezahlukene. Izithombe imisebenzi ngalo mculi omkhulu kungabonakala izincwadi eziningi libhalwe amasiko zobuciko.

Russia

Portrait uhlobo uvele Russia umhla eYurophu (XVIII c.), Futhi kwaba ngezindlela eziningi esifana isithonjana. Qala of portraiture Russian elihlobene ne amagama abaculi ezifana Nikitin, Matveev, Antropov, Argunov.

Umbusi portrait futhi uhlobo mdwebo Vasiliy Andreevich Tropinin. Ezinkondlweni zakhe, ngaso sonke isikhathi wanika nezimfanelo zomuntu ekhululekile kodwa kuyiqiniso kakhulu. Tropinin cishe waba portraitist esemthethweni eMoscow.

Alexei Venetsianov ngokufanele ngokuthi umsunguli we uhlobo zobuciko Russian. Waqale wadala igalari izithombe ongumlimi - kuneqiniso, kodwa hhayi ngaphandle ethile idealization futhi nozwela olungafanele.

Karl Pavlovich Bryullov wabhala inombolo enkulu ekumeni esisemthethweni, benamandla ugqozi ubuhle womuntu, ukuzwa injabulo yokuba. Ezinye ekumeni okuhle kwe sikhathi zihlanganisa "UMgibeli", a Samoilova portrait, perovskite. Bryullov kudala emhlabeni olukhethekile ubuhle, injabulo, ukuthula, ebuntwaneni bajabule.

isikhathi esisha

isikhathi okusha ulilethele isimo sengqondo entsha ukuze art. It kakade wayengekho ukuhlobisa, akufanele abe 'yizingane nice. " Portrait ngaphambilini waphila njengesidalwa uma ngezindlela ezimbili (i-odwa bese Ucwaningo) iba eyohlobo ngaphezulu. Manje kungcono ikakhulukazi uhlobo kwezohwebo, enika iholo umculi, kunokuba ithuba lokuveza imibono yazo. Ukuze inkulumo wizadi manje beqhubeka bekhetha nezinye izinhlobo.

Art Nouveau, eyabonakala ekuqa- XIX-XX eminyaka., Ibuyiselwe imvunulo kanye indima ekumeni. Kuze phendla ubunjalo imodeli, umculi ekhetha zokubhukuda bayaxoxa, Interiors ngisho pose okusikhumbuza ngekhulu XVIII. Kwakungeyona ukubuya esidlule, mbumbulu izimpumputhe, nezithulu, uhlobo umdlalo, sina futhi funny ngesikhathi esifanayo.

isiphetho

Portrait siyaqhubeka Nokho zikhona kuze kube namuhla, manje njengoba phambi e-Europe, ke uya eba uhlobo kubhaliswe. Mhlawumbe lena esiteji yemvelo ngendlela. Nokho, Ngokuqhubeka isiko, kuba incwadi ebalulekile zomlando, okuzokwenza nikhuphule yesizukulwane imemori ubudala bethu.