Lokho alinganise voltmeter? Kudivayisi sokulinganisa zinamandla

Man, kude izifunda kagesi, voltage, zamanje kanye ukumelana, ingakwazi ukuphendula ngokushesha embuzweni: iyini alinganise voltmeter? Ngoba impendulo isobala, uma nje ufunda kwesigamu isihloko Isihloko sesibili embula elengeziwe lesi sihloko. Ikakhulukazi, cabanga nesilinganiso ukucindezeleka ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, izici ithuluzi, isimiso yokusebenza.

definition

Voltmeter - idivayisi wokulinganisa okuvumela ukuthola voltage noma amandla electromotive e uchungechunge zamanje ngqo noma kushintshana. ububanzi Kudivayisi zandise abafika kwabangu-1000 noma ngaphezulu. Konke kuncike injongo yawo. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi kuyini, sicabanga kwencazelo amandla electromotive. Ngoba ngokuvamile kakhulu it is kudidaniswe voltage in inethiwekhi, kufanele bahlukana.

EMF futhi Voltage: umehluko

Ngakho, i-EMF - kuyinto ubuningi ngokomzimba ukuthi ephawula umsebenzi owenziwa yimaphi amabutho non-kagesi ku ukuhamba okukodwa omuhle endleleni kwamanje. Endabeni evamile, ekubonisa ikhono umthombo amandla akhe ukuze adale ethile umehluko okunamandla amaphuzu amabili esilinganayo ngaphandle yochungechunge. It is kulinganiswa njengoba lo voltage in volts. It ahluke kuwo ukuthi ihlinzeka umthombo wamandla ngesikhathi engenzi lutho, okungukuthi, ngaphandle ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi.

Lapho isifunda has a wamanje, okungukuthi, ivaliwe, kunesinye, umqondo uzobajayela ezwé - voltage. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kuthathwe kokubili amandla supply kumatheminali yayo, futhi iyiphi ingxenye yochungechunge. Voltage nesilinganiso iyona ukuthola umehluko ezingaba phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili inesikhala. Ukuze umthombo wamandla ngokuvamile kancane esingaphansi amandla electromotive, lapho kufakwe wesifunda umthengi. Ngokuyisisekelo, futhi EMF voltage - lena okufanayo umehluko kuphela ukuthi inqubo ngokomzimba edonsa ukubukeka umehluko ezingaba phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili lapho nesilinganiso esithathwayo.

izinhlobo voltmeters

Lapha kufanele ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ephathekayo futhi isilungisiwe. Idivaysi ephathekayo ngoba ekukaleni voltage ayikwazi udonse kuphela ngesandla. Ngokuvamile leli gama lihlanganisa ukusebenza ekubhekeni imisinga kanye resistances yesifunda, kanye umqhubi lokushisa, njll izinhlelo elimile ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswe ikhipha ngenethiwekhi, lapho isikali kwenziwe, isibonelo, kagesi ukusatshalaliswa amabhodi, panel njll

Ngokuphathelene Ukwahlukaniswa isimiso isinyathelo, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana voltmeters electromechanical futhi izinhlobo ezimbili electron. Kugcine - kuyinto analog digital. voltmeters electromechanical zisebenzisa kazibuthe uhlelo ukuguqulwa ethola voltage amagugu. amadivaysi Electronic ekhomphyutheni wathola isignali usebenzisa ADC. Voltmeter, kuncike ukumelwa idatha isimiso okubonisa noma inkomba Ukudayela noma kwisibonisi ozinikele digital.

Enye ngezigaba - ngenhloso. It ikuvumela ukuba wabelane amadivayisi amamitha AC futhi DC kanye isigaba-sensitive, engacabanganga futhi nivumelane nezimo. Kule yakamuva iyatholakala cishe lonke ekhishwa of isignali voltage okuyinto edingekayo ukuze ufunde.

Ukucaciswa Eziyisisekelo

It kuncike kudivayisi uya khona. Ngokwesibonelo, voltmeter DC ngokuvamile has amabanga eziningana wokulinganisa, ngakho inombolo yabo ingenye Ukucaciswa ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe wonke amadivaysi abe impedance ethile yokufaka kuye ngenhlanhla phezu kobubanzi wesifunda test sakhiwo voltage.

Omunye izici ezibalulekile Yiqiniso, iphutha, nokuxazululwa kwezinxushunxushu ngendlela esikalini noma isinyathelo esincane sokufunda, lapho kukhulunywa voltmeter digital. Uma umsebenzisi eseke idivayisi jikelele sokulinganisa voltage, angase engezwe eziguquguqukayo ngenhla ngaphandle ngalo ukwazi ukusebenza, isibonelo, zamanje, ukumelana, izinga lokushisa, nobubanzi, kanye amasignali iphutha imvamisa for eziguquguqukayo.

Umgomo we operation

uhlelo Jikelele ukusebenza kudivayisi sixhomeke kakhulu ukuqaliswa. Uma lena voltmeter electromechanical inohlelo kazibuthe, siyazwela ukugeleza zamanje. Kuye ezidlula yayo, futhi kukhulisa imicibisholo ukuphambuka pointer athutha oluhambisana Uhlaka wesifunda noma enye into esetshenziswa ukuguqula samanje wesifunda. Ukunemba amadivayisi okunjalo akukhona enkulu kakhulu, ngoba ayikuvumeli ukuthola amanani eliphezulu resistors okokufaka, futhi kungakho kunomthelela ukuhlanekezela abalulekile ngesilinganiso, ngoba conductivity yisinanakazana yengezwe wesifunda.

Common eminyakeni yamuva voltmeters digital babe inqwaba ikhaya electronics ngaphansi hood. Lokhu kungenxa ukuguqulwa isignali Analogue ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi ezikhumulweni okokufaka, kwifomu digital besebenzisa ADC. Lena ezithakazelisayo ngempela, itholakala nge nezincwadi eziningi ngesihloko. a voltmeter okunjalo, intengo zazo kuhluka ruble ambalwa Yiqiniso, akuhlosiwe ukuba lolu hla lakhetsiwe ocebile amathuba kanye nokunemba omkhulu Nokho, uyakwazi ukukala ngokugcwele voltage ngesikhathi terminals ibhethri imoto noma 220 V Network

Ixhuma circuit

Isifunda voltmeter njalo exhunywe parallel umthwalo noma amandla umthombo, uma lokhu kudingekile ukuze ukukala amandla electromotive noma voltage esigungwini. Yingakho kukhona izidingo esiqinile ngoba ukumelana okokufaka zedivayisi, kusukela uxhumano ezifana ke eqala ukubonakala i conduction ezengeziwe wesifunda.

Kunoma yikuphi, musa kokuxhuma voltmeter, intengo zazo nganoma iyiphi indlela mkhulu, yesifunda e chungechunge. Kungenjalo umsebenzisi ugijima ingozi Corny ezishile unit, anginaso isikhathi ukuthola izinto konke yaqalwa. Uma ngisho noma ukuma kuyinto isikhalazo ngesihluku, ubufakazi bakhe akufanele omethembayo, ngoba samanje wesifunda kungokoqobo izinguquko ezinkulu nalokhu voltmeter, futhi baphokophelele ku ithuba engaziwa ukufunda langempela voltage endaweni lapho izilinganiso zenziwa.

nokusingatha ngokuqapha

Kusukela ukungawi voltmeter ezimweni eziningi ngokwanele umdwebo esikhulu wiring, ngokulandelana, wasebenzisa parallel, ingozi yokuthola sina ukushaqeka kagesi in the-low voltage wesifunda incane. Nokho, lapho ukhuluma ngani amadivayisi zezimboni, ikakhulukazi version fixed sihilela ezinkulukazi amagugu elinganisiwe njengoba zinamandla, futhi kungenzeka imisinga. Ngakho-ke, kumelwe kube khona ukuphepha ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, futhi ngaphandle kolwazi olwanele, amagilavu iraba, amacansi kanye nezinye izindlela ezifanele, yebo, noma yimuphi umsebenzi is contraindicated. Yini alinganise voltmeter bungaba yingozi kakhulu ekuphileni, ngakho-ke sincoma hhayi ukulinga ukudalelwa. Kunoma ikuphi uthinte izintambo oluze, noma ngabe wesifunda low-voltage, nge ncazelo, kanti akunjalo.

isiphetho

Ukuphendula umbuzo ngalokho alinganise voltmeter, sabuka Imibandela oyiyo, main izici lobuchwepheshe, ngezigaba. Yiqiniso, lokhu okuncane esikuhlolile akasho ukuphelela esibanzi, ikakhulukazi amanani eliphansi nolwazi oluyisisekelo nobunjiniyela bukagesi e umfundi.

Efingqa, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi izinyathelo voltmeter Yiqiniso, voltage engxenyeni wesifunda lapho ixhunywe ngokulinganisa. Kungenjalo, ubufakazi bakhe babeyoba alithembekile, ingasaphathwa ingozi kucima okungenzeka izimpahla ezibizayo. Umfundzi kumele uqaphele uma usebenzisa izinto ezisebenzisa ekhaya, ngoba ukuxhumana ezindaweni ephezulu voltage wesifunda kuyingozi empilweni.