Wasezulwini, isimo kwabefundisi: incazelo, ngezigaba kanye nezici

Lisho ukuthini igama elithi "ongokwasezulwini" ngesiGreki angahunyushwa ngokuthi cishe ngokuthi "bogovlastie". Le ndlela uhulumeni ngokufanelekile njengezidalwa ezingaphezu kwabantu omunye umlando endala elotshwe lesintu. Kodwa imivubukulo yamuva bemivubukulo zisikisela ukuthi yasungulwa ngisho nangaphambi isintu usezuze isondo, zamagama nomqondo izinombolo. Esikhathini eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Turkey wathola izakhiwo bemivubukulo yasendulo abanamasiko preliterate Nokho, okuyinto, wayevele lenkolo nasemphakathini abapristi abakhonza kuwo.

nemizana okunjalo chithi saka-Eastern Anatolia. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo - ke Çatalhöyük futhi Gebekli Tepe. Omdala kunayo yonke kulemibhalo, eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-12,000. Kungenzeka ukuthi yilo leli into yokuqala isimo kwabefundisi engokwasezulwini lapho inkolo okwakugcwele yonke imikhakha yempilo yomuntu nsuku zonke.

isimo Modern kwabefundisi

Njengoba leli fomu yilona omdala ekhona, kanye izibonelo State wahlela ukuba isimiso engokwasezulwini emlandweni isintu ungathola eziningi.

Nokho, ukuze uqalise ukuchaza imigomo. Okokuqala kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa amandla kwabefundisi samandla engokwasezulwini. Kukholakala ukuthi wokuziphilisa isimo kwabefundisi yilezo lapho izakhiwo okucishe kufane nalokhu embusweni wezwe noma phezu kukhona izindlela lapho izinhlangano zenkolo bayakwazi ukuthonya inqubomgomo, ezomnotho kanye nomthetho. Isibonelo simo kumephu yesimanje sezwe sezombangazwe zingakhiqiza Islamic Republic of Iran - isimo kwabefundisi ukuthi sekukhona ngenxa 1978 Islamic Revolution.

Namuhla, phakathi kwamazwe kwabefundisi zihlanganisa emazweni amaningi Islamic. Modern isimo kwabefundisi, izibonelo zazo zingatholakala eMpumalanga Ephakathi, ngokuvamile nakanjani uzalela isigxivizo dlova. Lezi imibuso wamukelwe kulamazwe alandelayo:

• United Arab Emirates;
• Kuwait;
• Qatar;
• umbuso Jordan.

Islamic Republic kumephu emhlabeni

uthi Four yesimanje negama elithi "Islamic" egameni layo esemthethweni. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ezinye zazo, ezifana Pakistan, eziqukethwe sisekelo wayo amaphuzu ukunganaki, eqinisweni, zilawulwa amaqembu enkolo ntshashintshe ithonya.

Lapha isimo kwabefundisi, uhlu ehlanganisa amazwe amane:

• Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.
• Islamic Republic of Iran.
• Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
• Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Eqinisweni, kuphela endabeni ka-isimiso esihlanganisa zonke lezi amazwe kuyinto uhlelo labo elisemthethweni, kumila okuyinto itholakala Sharia - isethi ziqondiso ukwakha izinkolelo kanye nokulawula ukuziphatha amaSulumane.

Iranian Revolutionary Guards

Kuzo zonke republic Islamic e-Iran kwathiwa bafeza Islamization uhambisane iningi yonke imikhakha yempilo yomphakathi futhi umphakathi usumisiwe ukulawula inani phezu ukugcinwa Shari'a zonke izakhamuzi.

Ukuze uqinise amandla abaholi benkolo ukukhuthaza imiqondo Islam ngaphandle kwaleli zwe ngaphakathi Islamic Republic, inhlangano ekhethekile paramilitary yadalwa, ebizwa ngokuthi i- Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.

Njengoba Islam kuleli zwe kwandile, futhi umthelela inhlangano liye landa ngendlela emangalisayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-officer esiphakeme we Guards Corps waqala ukulawula amabhizinisi elikhulu ezweni, kanye nabamele abefundisi yamaSulumane.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Iran iyisimo zakudala kwabefundisi, ngoba ngaphezu izinkantolo zenkolo, kusekhona ngokomthetho uhulumeni wezwe nezinsalela umongameli okhethwe abantu. Nokho, inhloko yezwe namanje wacabangela Ayatollah - Umholi kwezikamoya nochwepheshe umthetho wezenkolo, onikwe igunya lokuthatha izinqumo ngokuhambisana nomthetho wabantu bonke Islamic. Ochwepheshe kukhona bezibona bathi kule minyaka yamuva phakathi kwabaholi ababili isimo kukhona izingxabano ngokuya zenzeka, okuvame ukuba wenze yomphakathi.

Ubandlululo ku-Pakistan

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, Pakistan ngokusemthethweni isimo wokuziphilisa, naphezu lokho okuthiwa ukuba republic Islamic. Umholi siphela lizwe, esingeyena imfundo yenkolo, kaningi kwenzeka nhlobo kwezempi.

Nokho, lokhu akuvimbeli nekubandlulula neminye imiphakathi engokwenkolo kuleli zwe. On ezingeni zomthetho, kukhona kuvinjelwe amakhetho Umongameli wezwe non-Muslim.

Zonke amandla esiphezulu ku Pakistan ezandleni uhulumeni kanye nomongameli, kodwa zokwahlulela zomthetho de empeleni waba ikhinyabezwa Federal Shariat Court - isikhungo okhuluma ukulawula ukugujwa kokuthwasa isimo Sharia nomthetho. Ngakho, noma yimuphi umthetho owenziwe yiPhalamende, okufanele abekeke ngemibuzo eNkantolo Islamic futhi wasenqaba uma kwenzeka ezingqubuzana nomthetho Islamic.

Ngokungafani Iran, Pakistan awuzange bafeza Islamization eziphelele, futhi intsha, naphezu nabaningi ezinsaleleni zenkolo, likwazi ukufinyelela nesiko laseNtshonalanga.

imiphumela edabukisayo ungenelwe Eighties imizamo ukusungula yokubuswa kwendawo yonke yamazinga zenkolo isibe iphesenti eliphansi kakhulu sabantu abanemfundo emfundo secondary. Lena kwaphawuleka ngokukhethekile sabantu besifazane, lapho besilokhu nokucwaseka sina.

Vatican: isimo engokwasezulwini kwabefundisi

Mhlawumbe isibonelo esihlaba umxhwele kakhulu esimweni lapho amandla zezombangazwe ezingokomoya zingezikaJehova umuntu ofanayo ngubani Holy See. Ngenxa ubunjalo bayo ke okufanele liphawulwe ngokukhethekile.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi uPapa iyona Primate salo lonke iSonto LamaRoma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuholela kanye Vatican City State, nesebenzela egameni umbusi esimisiwe, njalo okhethiwe phakathi okhadinali abahlezi Roman Curia.

Pope kuyinto nkosi kabani conclave amalungu ukhethe ukuphila. Nokho, zikhona izikhathi lapho iqeda amandla akhe ngokuzithandela - ngakho ngo-2013 ejoyina Benedict XVl, ekubeni elesibili engamakhulu ayisithupha, upapa, ngokuzithandela sazilahla amandla.

Ngokwe-imfundiso of the Catholic Church, upapa phakathi nokubusa kwayo is ngahluleki nazo zonke izinqumo ezithathwe kuzo - kweqiniso futhi abophe. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukubeka eceleni ukuba khona usongo isonto yangaphakathi futhi akusho inciphise indima kahulumeni, okuthiwa LamaRoma Curia.

Saudi Arabia: ongokwasezulwini noma ukulawulwa

I nzima kakhulu ekutholeni uhlobo ebhodini abameli isibonelo Saudi Arabia. Njengakwamanye amazwe nge iningi Islamic, e-Arabhiya, lapho esebenza khona Sharia nomthetho, okwenza zilinganiselwe izinhlobo igunya lenkosi, okuyiyona ebamba amandla le nkosi, esekelwe ilungiselelo likaNkulunkulu.

Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi Nokho, ukuze asele ngazo ukumkani akuyona umholi wezenkolo, nakuba ngempela kungokwalabo titukulwane of the Prophet Muhammad. Lokhu kukhuthaza abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi Saudi Arabia yisimo kwabefundisi, lapho izinkambiso zenkolo e inkonzo lwamakhosi elibusayo.

ukwenqatshwa kwesikhathi abanye abantu babhekwe njengabezinye ongokwasezulwini

Abacwaningi abaningi ayeshesha bathi izwe isibe wokuziphilisa, ukuze amalungelo esintu kanye ilawulwa intando yeningi kukhona jikelele futhi ayinakugwenywa futhi intuthuko iphokophele phambili, futhi akukho lutho olungavimba kuye. Nokho, abaningi radicalization okhula phakathi ezinye izingxenye sabantu ebonisa ukuthi lawo mathemba ayogcwaliseka babe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ezweni lanamuhla elisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe a wokuziphilisa, kwabefundisi, isimo enkonzo ngokulinganayo ziphoqa yibo bobabili izakhamuzi kanye Israyeli zezombusazwe.