Ukuhlolwa nokuzikhuthaza Herzberg

Namuhla, cishe wonke umqashi uyazi ukuthi uhlolo Herzberg. Ingqikithi yalo iwukuba ukunquma izici nogqozi ekutholeni umsebenzi, noma udinga ukuthola degree of ukwaneliseka (nokungeneliseki) nosebenzela inkampani izimo zokusebenza. Lokhu test siqukethe 28 ngazimbili zezimo okunye. Ikusasa noma umsebenzi wamanje abadlula kulolu vivinyo kufanele ahlaziye ngamunye wabo. Ukuze la maphuzu 28 (ngokuhlukile esimweni ngasinye) ibekwe amaphuzu, isamba kufanele sifinyelele inombolo 5. Ngenxa yalokho test liyohlonza izici okwashiwo ukuthi linqobe abalazi umuntu nokusiza ekukhetheni umsebenzi ofanele kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho kulesi sihloko sizochaza e kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini kuyisivivinyo sokubona ukuthi kushukunyiswe Herzberg, umlando wayo odabuka, SIZUZISA, kanye unikeze olunye ulwazi mayelana nombhali.

F. Herzberg: imisebenzi yesayensi

Phakathi nekhulu le-20 leminyaka, isayensi yomuntu waqala athole umfutho. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi, Psychology kwezenhlalo kanye psychology umsebenzi endleleni yentuthuko. Umbhali ethandwa ezinsukwini zethu zokusebenza "Incazelo nogqozi emsebenzini" - "Test Herzberg," njengoba zibizwa kanjalo namuhla ngokuvamile, ngisho ngaleso sikhathi kubhekwe wezengqondo yezenhlalakahle owaziwa. Watadisha izinkinga yenhlangano zabasebenzi ezinkampanini ezinkulu, futhi ngenxa lapho kuqhutshwa lezi zifundo wazakhela theory kwezici ezimbili nogqozi. Ngo-1950, uFrederick Herzberg wafunda izindaba ukuphathwa ebhizinisini. Bese waphetha ngokuthi kubalulekile ngoba abasebenzi ukuba baphumelele emsebenzini noma okungenani elithi ubuncane. Wafaka phambili umbono wokuthi lokhu kuzokwenza ngcono ukukhiqiza nekhwalithi umsebenzi owawenziwa. Ngokusho Herzberg, ukudalwa izimo eyamukelekayo ngokomzimba endaweni yokusebenza - kuyinto isinyathelo okunganele, futhi ukuze kuzuzwe ukuphathwa ngempumelelo, ukuphathwa uzodinga ukwenza okuthile okwengeziwe okunenjongo abasebenzi yakho - okungukuthi, ukuze ibanike ugqozi.

Ngokokuqala ngqá labetibambile ukuhlolwa ugqozi

Lolu cwaningo, okuyinto banquma ukuqhuba ngo-1950 F.Gertsberg wathatha ezimali ezingamakhulu amabili abathintekayo. Babefanele ukuchaza ngokuningiliziwe Imibono yabo yomsebenzi, okungukuthi amacala lapho banayo ukwaneliseka ngokugcwele kuyo. Liphendula lezi "kucwaningwe" ezimali kwakheka isisekelo inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela ugqozi usosayensi. Wabizwa ngokuthi i-factor ezimbili. Futhi kuphela emva kwalokho wadala yokuhlola Herzberg sika, izimpendulo zemibuzo eyayintula ubembule izisusa azosiza kwandiswe umkhiqizo. Lo mbono ube yimpumelelo enkulu, futhi uyaqhubeka be dumile among izinkampani ezinkulu nezincane kuze kube yilolu suku.

Ingqikithi inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela nesisusa

Ngokusho Gertsbergskomu yokufundisa, ugqozi kusekelwe amaqembu elandelayo yezinto:

Yokuhlanzeka. Futhi ngokuthi zangaphandle, noma izici zempilo. Lawa izindawo ubuncane okumele olunikezwa umsebenzi ngokuhamba umsebenzi. ufuzo bazabela zihlukaniswe zibe:

• Economic (okungaba umholo ehloniphekile, amaholide esikhokhelwayo, amabhonasi njalo, izinzuzo: yokuphepha komphakathi kanye nempesheni, ikhokhwe yinkampani ukuba izifundo zokuqeqesha).
• (Kwezimo ezivamile ukusebenza, indawo esilungele umsebenzi, enza emsebenzini sobuhle bayo, izinga lokushisa, degree sokukhanyisa, nezinye izimo zempilo.) Physical.
• Komphakathi (ubudlelwano eqenjini, izenzakalo ezinkampani).
• Isimo (udumo umsebenzi, amalungelo, izihloko, ukuhlolwa umsebenzi).
• Umumo (ingxoxo, umbiko umsebenzi, ingxoxo).
• Security (hhayi kuphela ngokomzimba kodwa nomphakathi).

izici nokuzikhuthaza. Ngokungafani yokuhlanzeka bebizwa yangaphakathi. ukungabikho yabo aliholeli le ukungeneliseki kwabasebenzi ngomsebenzi wabo, kodwa ngeke kuholele ukwanda abasebenzi kahle. Kodwa ukuba khona kwabo kungaba nomthelela bezibona omuhle ngomberego nokwaneliseka. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• Umklomelo sokunconywa nokubonwa.
• Freedom of action.
• Ukufinyelela ulwazi olufanele.
• Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela isikhundla esiphakeme umsebenzi.
• Nalaganie yemfanelo ethile.
• Ikhono ukusebenzisa zathola okuhlangenwe nakho.
• Cooperation.

Imiphumela

Lapho umuntu sihamba isivivinyo Herzberg, emagama senzeka ngokusebenzisa kwemihlambi ezibhekwayo ibalulekile kakhulu umsebenzi kuye, futhi ngeke umvumele ukuba uthole umsebenzi uzohlangana izidingo zakhe. Uma umqashi lucwaningo ubuncane izici kwenhlanzeko, ke umsebenzi ifinyelele sengqondo kokungathathi hlangothi ukusebenza. Uma lezi zici azanele, kodwa iye yakha a negative (negative) sengqondo. Kuyathakazelisa ukubona ukuthi, ngokwendlela ifomula Herzberg, kukhona ubuhlobo nabathile phakathi kwamaqembu amabili yezici. Ngokwesibonelo, nokuntuleka kwenhlanzeko kuholela ukungeneliseki ebukhoneni kwenhlanzeko ukungabi nogqozi - hlangothi, futhi kuba khona kwabo bobabili izici - kuze kwaneliseke.

Incazelo eningiliziwe test ugqozi

Njengoba sekushiwo, lemibuzo siqukethe izinto 28 aqukethe izindaba. Ukuze ngamunye wabo unikezwa izimpendulo ezimbili-simo. Nokho, uvivinyo muntu akanayo ukhethe phakathi kwabo, futhi ucubungula isimo sabo sengqondo Ngamunye kubo, kanye nenani amaphuzu kumele kube 5 amaphuzu. Okusho ukuthi, uma isimo kuqala uhlolwa nge 2 amaphuzu, wesibili udinga ukubeka 3 amaphuzu uma kuqala - 1 iphuzu, wesibili 4, njll Uma ukuhlolwa sidlulile, okwakuyohambisana amabhola okudingayo ukuze etafuleni. Khona-ke, i-ukuzibala. ukuhlolwa Herzberg sika ukuhlola lezi zinto ezilandelayo: impahla, okungukuthi, izisusa wezimali; Recognition umphakathi nobuholi; wokudlulisela of icala; ubudlelwano nabaholi babe abasebenzi, ezihambayo up isitebhisi umsebenzi; impumelelo; ukubaluleka komsebenzi; ukuxhumana nontanga, njll

imigomo

Ngemva efingqa imiphumela yokuhlola zabathola abantu ababenze izinto athonya ukwaneliseka kwakho (nokungeneliseki) izimo zokusebenza, ngokomzimba nangokokuziphatha. By endleleni, kukhona umehluko phakathi labo chitha Herzberg test. Uma-ke kuyadingeka ukuba ukuphathwa ke ekugcineni kuba nokwenzeka ukubona ukuthi yini eshukumisela lokhu noma lokhuya labasebenzi, futhi kuyacaca ukuthi kungani lo msebenzi wenziwa ngabasebenzi ezahlukene, ngakho sehluka kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphathwa uyayiqonda indlela ezidingekayo ukuze akhuthaze umsebenzi ngayinye. Ngezinye izikhathi ekuhlolweni ukuqasha izinkampani phambi umuntu athole umsebenzi, ikakhulukazi uma akanayo izicelo ezithile. HR ochwepheshe uqhuba inhlolovo futhi ifingqa imiphumela kanye nencazelo isivivinyo Herzberg kusenza siqonde ukuthi hlobo luni lomsebenzi akudingayo. With ukuthuthukiswa-Inthanethi baqala ukuyisa ukuhlolwa intanethi. Uma umsebenzi azizwa ukunganeliseki umsebenzi wakhe, + futhi ungathatha isivivinyo Herzberg. Imiphumela kulungiswa kulokhu kuzovumela abantu ukuba baqonde lokho icindezele umsebenzi walo. Kafushane, imfundiso F.Gertsberga uma usebenzisa kahle ke, kungaba nenzuzo kokubili umqashi kanye nomsebenzi yena.

Isikimu. Herzberg test: okulotshiweyo yemiphumela

Uma abasebenzi ukubona khona izici kwenhlanzeko, wayesebeka "G +" uma engekho, i- "T-". Kuyefana nasendleleni izici ugqozi. "M +" uma zikhona, futhi "M" - akukho.

Biography F.I.Gertsberga

Wazalelwa American sokusebenza kwengqondo nomphakathi e-New York ngo-Ephreli 1923. Imfundo ephakeme wathola ku-New York City College, kodwa ngonyaka odlule wayiswa empini. Kwaba seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Wayengumuntu nosayitsheni ukuqapha kanye kwaba phakathi kwamasosha azihlanganisa ngubani waqale wangena ekamu lokuhlushwa eDachau. Esikhathini esizayo, Herzberg wathi ukuthi okuvelayo wamukela lokho ayekubona ekamu, kanye izingxoxo nabantu abahlala endaweni amaJalimane, yavusa isithakazelo sakhe kule nkinga nogqozi. Ngemva demobilization Herzberg mazibuyiselwe esikoleni futhi ngathola iziqu kuwo ngo-1946. Ngemva kwalokho, kwaba umfundi e-University of Pittsburgh, eyaziwa ucwaningo yayo wezokwelapha, kanye lokuthi wayeseholela emsebenzini nokufundisa e-University of Case Western Reserve Cleveland. Isinyathelo esilandelayo emsebenzini wakhe kwaba okuthunyelwe ka womfundisi abaphezulu, uprofesa emkhakheni wezokusebenza ukuphathwa eSikoleni Lwebhizinisi e-University of Utah (University of Utah). Phakathi nawo-50s, wayebhekwa zocwaningo kwelinye izinkampani Consulting. Kube phambi kwakhe kwavula insimu ebanzi Lezinyathelo iqoqo idatha.

Ukudala umsebenzi omusha: ugqozi zabasebenzi Herzberg, ukuhlolwa nencazelo yalo

Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-20, ososayensi ehileleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni ayekucabanga nocwaningo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1959 wamisa kwezici ezimbili imfundiso yokuziphendukela ugqozi, okuyinto thina kakade kuchaziwe ngenhla. Lichaza okuyizici ezinomthelela kweneliseke isisebenzi emisebenzini eyenziwa kubo. By endleleni, ngenxa yalezizifundo Herzberg wafinyelela esiphethweni esifanayo nakuba: i-high amaholo ezingeni akuyona lukwazi ukushukumisa. Lokhu isici iphathelene inhlanzeko, okungukuthi, labo noma ukwaneliseka kuncike, noma ukungeneliseki ngomsebenzi.

Ubudlelwano kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela eziyisisekelo futhi inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela Herzberg

Ngo-social science, kukhona okuningi eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma okwashiwo, futhi abanye babo babe okuningi ukukwenza lokhu. Ngokwesibonelo, yena futhi imfundiso Amafutha has a lot of izici ezifanayo. Izifiso zakhe zokuqala ezintathu yezinto zenhlanzeko e Herzberg kungcono kuyafana wokwehlayo Maslow sika izidingo. Kodwa lokhu kuvela ukufana kuphelile, ngoba Maslow babekholelwa ukuthi ukudalwa izimo ezidingekayo noma izidingo kuzoholela womuntu ukwaneliseka umsebenzi, ngakho-ke - ukuze kwandiswe umkhiqizo. Kodwa Herzberg akaboni lobu buhlobo. Ngokusho bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe, abasebenzi yenkampani uzoqala ukuba banake izinto inhlanzeko kuphela uma kukhona ekusetshenzisweni kwazo singenele, kanye uma kwenzeka yokungabi nabulungisa umkhathi. Nokho, ukuba khona zombili izinhlobo ukukhula izici inikeza ukusebenza. Ukuze ubone ukuthi konke lokhu okudingayo ukuze aphumelele kulesi sivivinyo ngu Herzberg.

ifomula

Ngakho, niyazi, ukuthi uhlolo Herzberg. Imiphumela, mhlawumbe, bawuqonda ngokucacile kakhulu. Okulandelayo ifomula samanje.

[Izici nokuzikhuthaza] + [izimo zokusebenza ezivamile futhi isimo sokusebenza] = ukwaneliseka umsebenzi;
[Ovamile zokusebenza imvelo] - [izici ugqozi] = okungaphumeli ekwanelisekeni.

I samuntu eyisibonelo test Frederika Gertsberga

1.chelovek ubhekene lokukhetha phakathi umsebenzi owawuholela, kodwa ungakujabulisi, futhi usebenze egqamile futhi ngiyomletha ukuqashelwa, kodwa wakhokha kahle. Lipha seluleko bani lo muntu?

(A) Khetha eholela kahle.

(B) Ukwamukelwa kubaluleke ngaphezu aspect zezimali.

2. Yikuphi izinduna ezimbili lokukhetha: (B) umuntu oxoxa zisebuhlotsheni omkhulu, kodwa wenzani ukukhanya ngithunyiwe kuphela, noma - (D) kumqashi esiqinile ofuna izinto ngenkani, okuzoba izabelo wemfanelo kanye nethuba ukufunda okuthile okusha ngawe.

3. Umuntu kudingeka ingaxazululwa, noma ukwamukela leso sipho ukwandisa, ngaleyo ndlela alahlekelwe sithunyiwe, okuyoholela ukwehla izimali. iseluleko sakho:

(D) Wonke umuntu uyaphupha ka ngokuvuswa.

(A) Ikhaya zonke lemali

4. Ungakhetha umsebenzi ungakujabulisi, ngenkathi wamukela emhlabeni, noma uhlale endaweni efanayo futhi enze eduze emoyeni umsebenzi.

(B) ukuqashelwa Public - ebaluleke kakhulu umsebenzi wakhe.

(F) umsebenzi abathandwayo - akukho lutho olungcono ngaphezu kwalena.

5. Umuntu wathola umsebenzi uye kwelinye ithimba ukwenza umsebenzi ezithakazelisayo futhi ushiye nabantu bazizwa bekhululeke ukusebenza.

(B) zokuxhumana Human okuyigugu kakhulu.

(F) umsebenzi Okubaluleke kakhulu ezithakazelisayo.

6. Umdlandla azalwe njengomuntu yi wokudlulisa umthwalo esiphezulu noma oholelwayo okusezingeni eliphezulu kubalulekile?

(B) Yiqiniso, umthwalo nalaganie.

(A) ngihola kahle kuphela kusukumisa umuntu ukusebenza nazo zonke nokuzinikezela.

7. kanjani neziphathimandla ukuze baqonde isithakazelo emsebenzini abasebenzi?

(D) Ukwandisa amaholo.

(A) Ukuze umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu abathakazelelwayo isiqondiso.

Kufinyeta

Nanka imibuzo afakiwe ekuhlolweni ugqozi Herzberg. It is kunakwe lapho kubalwa onjani izici phezu izimpendulo abantu, bese kuba sobala kube sezingeni ukwaneliseka yayo. Uma ukuhlolwa wenziwa ukukhethwa imisebenzi ziqasha, isisebenzi sikaHulumeni Ubudala AR Inkampani enquma ukuthi umuntu into ebaluleke kakhulu umsebenzi, futhi uthole iposi onjengaye.